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Journal ArticleDOI

Optimal design of sustainable water systems for cities involving future projections

TL;DR: A multi-period mathematical programming model for the optimal planning of water storage and distribution in a macroscopic system is presented and addresses important factors such as population growth, change in the time value of money andchange in the precipitation patterns.
About: This article is published in Computers & Chemical Engineering.The article was published on 2014-10-03. It has received 18 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Water conservation & Integrated water resources management.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the key sustainability principles required for sustainable cities and highlighted the most important elements needed to make a functional sustainable city, including human capital development, energy conservation and energy efficiency, water security, efficient use of earth-abundant resources, transportation, building standards, social and economic equity, and food wastes management.

161 citations

01 Dec 2009
TL;DR: This paper presents a mathematical programming model for the optimal design of mass and property integration networks that include property interceptors within the structure of the network, as opposed to the end-of-pipe use of such interceptors.
Abstract: This paper presents a mathematical programming model for the optimal design of mass and property integration networks that include property interceptors within the structure of the network, as opposed to the end-of-pipe use of such interceptors. The model is based on a recycle and reuse scheme that simultaneously satisfies process and environmental constraints. The properties considered in this work are composition, toxicity, theoretical oxygen demand, pH, density and viscosity. The property mixing rules included in the model give rise to bilinear terms for the property operators, and a global optimization algorithm is used for the solution of the model. The model minimizes the total annual cost of the network, which includes the fresh sources cost and the annualized property treatment system and the piping costs. Three examples are included to show the applicability and advantages of the proposed model.

71 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss a process of indicator aggregation using two approaches based on multi-criteria decision analysis to evaluate and compare the sustainability of water companies from a holistic perspective.

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the importance of urban groundwater for cities is highlighted and a range of future city interventions may impact on groundwater are reviewed using data from water resource plans and city planning strategies, changes in the groundwater balance which may occur as a result of city interventions are calculated for two future city scenarios: a "strategic" future informed by organisational policy and an "aspirational" future guided by sustainability principles.

41 citations


Cites background from "Optimal design of sustainable water..."

  • ...As a result inclusion of water within urban metabolism and future cities assessment is common (Rojas-Torres et al., 2014), but explicit consideration of urban groundwater systems is not, which is symptomatic of the fact that ecosystem services provided by urban underground space are not yet…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work presents an algorithm for leak detection in WDNs, which involves making additional flow measurements on-demand, and repeated use of water balance, and investigates different methods for solving the arising graph partitioning problem like integer linear programming (ILP) and spectral bisection.

40 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: JuMP is an open-source modeling language that allows users to express a wide range of ideas in an easy-to-use manner.
Abstract: The most widely used is GAMS, which is specifically designed for Further details on GAMS can be found in the GAMS User's Guide. The GAMS User's Guide. Mathematical Programming, 87:153–176, 2000. (4). A. Brooke, D. Kendrick, and A. Meeraus. GAMS: A User's Guide. The Scientific Press, South San Francisco. JuMP is an open-source modeling language that allows users to express a wide D. Kendrick, A. Meeraus, and R. Raman, GAMS: A User's Guide, Scientific.

3,645 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of water for agricultural production in water scarcity regions requires innovative and sustainable research, and an appropriate transfer of technologies as mentioned in this paper, which is why it is important to adopt emerging technologies for water management as well as to develop appropriate methodologies for the analysis of social, economic, and environmental benefits of improved irrigation management.

826 citations

Reference EntryDOI
15 Mar 2002
TL;DR: This chapter describes the steps that should be taken to ensure that computer aids are properly used and decisions are properly reached and gives further reading for engineers likely to manage projects in which extensive use is made of computer tools.
Abstract: Computer-Aided Chemical Engineering is reviewed from its beginnings in the 1950s to the present state in which virtually all chemical engineering is computer-aided. Over 200 computer-based computations routinely undertaken by chemical engineers are listed. Computer-aids are used at every stage from deciding what chemical species to make, through the conceptual design of the processes, the detailed design, the on-line control, optimization and retrofit design, up to the decommissioning. Computer-aids are important for assessing and minimizing environmental impacts and hazards. This chapter does not discuss any of these topics in detail. It concentrates on the design of reliable software and the correct use of software supplied by third parties. Guidance is given for designing software that properly meets the technical requirements of the end users. The program structure and test procedures necessary to validate the software are described. Methods for ensuring that the program properly incorporates the physical models on which it is based are outlined including emphasis on dimensionally consistent programming. The importance of data validation is emphasized. It is further emphasized that these design guidelines apply equally to models written in special-purpose modeling systems as they do to models written in general-purpose computer-programming languages. The elements of numerical analysis are introduced and illustrated with common examples from chemical engineering. Even simple computations, such as log–mean temperature difference, can be grossly in error if the numerical limitations of computers are ignored. Reliable, easily solved models should be near-linear and explicit, and steps to achieve such models are included. The treatment is designed to be adequate for engineers writing small programs, or small parts of larger programs. References are introduced to enable professional engineering programmers to pursue the topics in greater depth. End-users of chemical engineering software have responsibility for the decisions taken based on computed results. They must ensure that the software is adequate for its purpose, that all data is properly validated, and that the computed results are properly interpreted. They are also responsible for scoping the uncertainties in the computation and assessing their impact on the decisions taken. This chapter describes the steps that should be taken to ensure that computer aids are properly used and decisions are properly reached. It gives further reading for engineers likely to manage projects in which extensive use is made of computer tools. A brief introduction is given to some of the rapidly advancing areas of computer-aided chemical engineering. Keywords: CAPE (Computer-Aided Process Enginerring); program design; software validation; Numerical Analysis; Software use; CAMD (Computer-Aided Molecule Design); process synthesis; flexible process design

420 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a state-of-the-art overview of the insight-based techniques developed in the 21st century, particularly those developed for single impurity network of the fixed flow rate problems.
Abstract: Water network synthesis has been an active area of research for the past one and a half decades. Many think that the technology reached a mature stage in the late 1990s, especially for the insight-based technique based on pinch analysis. The only review for the field dates back to 2000. However, many new papers published in this century reveal that new research gaps are found and more works were carried out to address the limitations of the “old” techniques. The main objective of this review is to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the insight-based techniques developed in the 21st century, particularly those developed for single impurity network of the fixed flow rate problems. Comparisons were also made between these recent techniques and those developed for the fixed load problems in the past century. Various flow rate targeting techniques developed for water reuse/recycle, regeneration, and wastewater treatment are reviewed in detail, along with the network design techniques that achieve the estab...

363 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...In this context, Foo (2009) presented an extensive review of pinch-based techniques for water network synthesis in continuous processes....

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