Optimal Placement and Sizing Method to Improve the Voltage Stability Margin in a Distribution System Using Distributed Generation
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method of locating and sizing DG units so as to improve the voltage stability margin, where the authors formulated the DG unit placement and sizing as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem with an objective function of improving the stability margin.
Abstract: Recently, integration of distributed generation (DG) in distribution systems has increased to high penetration levels. The impact of DG units on the voltage stability margins has become significant. Optimization techniques are tools which can be used to locate and size the DG units in the system, so as to utilize these units optimally within certain limits and constraints. Thus, the impacts of DG units issues, such as voltage stability and voltage profile, can be analyzed effectively. The ultimate goal of this paper is to propose a method of locating and sizing DG units so as to improve the voltage stability margin. The load and renewable DG generation probabilistic nature are considered in this study. The proposed method starts by selecting candidate buses into which to install the DG units on the system, prioritizing buses which are sensitive to voltage profile and thus improve the voltage stability margin. The DG units' placement and sizing is formulated using mixed-integer nonlinear programming, with an objective function of improving the stability margin; the constraints are the system voltage limits, feeders' capacity, and the DG penetration level.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: An overview of the state-of-the-art models and methods applied to the optimal DG placement problem can be found in this article, where the authors analyze and classify current and future research trends in this field.
Abstract: The integration of distributed generation (DG) units in power distribution networks has become increasingly important in recent years. The aim of the optimal DG placement (ODGP) is to provide the best locations and sizes of DGs to optimize electrical distribution network operation and planning taking into account DG capacity constraints. Several models and methods have been suggested for the solution of the ODGP problem. This paper presents an overview of the state of the art models and methods applied to the ODGP problem, analyzing and classifying current and future research trends in this field.
767 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of recent optimization methods applied to solve the problem of placement and sizing of distributed generation units from renewable energy sources based on a classification of the most recent and highly cited papers.
345 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive review and critical discussion of state-of-the-art analytical techniques for optimal planning of renewable distributed generation is conducted, and a comparative analysis of analytical techniques is presented to show their suitability for distributed generation planning in terms of various optimization criteria.
327 citations
TL;DR: Compared with conventional MG planning approaches, the proposed model is more practical in that it fully considers the system uncertainties and only requires a deterministic uncertainty set, rather than a probability distribution of uncertain data which is difficult to obtain.
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel Microgrid (MG) planning methodology to decide optimal locations, sizes and mix of dispatchable and intermittent distributed generators (DGs). The long-term costs in the proposed planning model include investment, operation and maintenance (O&M), fuel and emission costs of DGs while the revenue includes payment by MG loads and utility grid. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer program (MIP) considering the probabilistic nature of DG outputs and load consumption, wherein the costs are minimized and profits are maximized. The model is transformed to be a two-stage robust optimization problem. A column and constraint generation (CCG) framework is used to solve the problem. Compared with conventional MG planning approaches, the proposed model is more practical in that it fully considers the system uncertainties and only requires a deterministic uncertainty set, rather than a probability distribution of uncertain data which is difficult to obtain. Case studies of a MG with wind turbines, photovoltaic generators (PVs) and microturbines (MTs) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
312 citations
Cites background from "Optimal Placement and Sizing Method..."
...The authors in [6] deployed DGs to improve voltage stability....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid configuration of ant colony optimization (ACO) with artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm called hybrid ACO-ABC algorithm is presented for optimal location and sizing of distributed energy resources (DERs) on distribution systems.
303 citations
Cites methods from "Optimal Placement and Sizing Method..."
...Research for the optimal allocation of DER has been investigated using the conventional algorithms [5] including the analytical [6] and numerical [7] methods, and evolutionary methods such as bacterial foraging optimization [8], particle swarm optimization with constriction factor approach (PSO–CFA) [9] and imperialist competition algorithm (ICA) [10]....
[...]
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the generation of electricity from clean and renewable sources, and show that wind energy has become the world's fastest growing energy source, and that renewable energy is the most promising energy source.
Abstract: As environmental concerns have focussed attention on the generation of electricity from clean and renewable sources, wind energy has become the world's fastest growing energy source. The authors dr ...
2,878 citations
"Optimal Placement and Sizing Method..." refers background in this paper
...Since themost dominant type of DG units in the market are electronically coupled such as type C and type D for the wind turbines [22], and PV units, then this paper assumes the DG units are electronically interfaced (inverter-based DG)....
[...]
...However, for fixed and semi-variable speed wind units (namely Type-A and Type-B [22]) , this assumption is not valid since the reactive requirements of these two units depends on the value of the voltage at the interface bus....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, a methodology has been proposed for optimally allocating different types of renewable distributed generation (DG) units in the distribution system so as to minimize annual energy loss.
Abstract: It is widely accepted that renewable energy sources are the key to a sustainable energy supply infrastructure since they are both inexhaustible and nonpolluting. A number of renewable energy technologies are now commercially available, the most notable being wind power, photovoltaic, solar thermal systems, biomass, and various forms of hydraulic power. In this paper, a methodology has been proposed for optimally allocating different types of renewable distributed generation (DG) units in the distribution system so as to minimize annual energy loss. The methodology is based on generating a probabilistic generation-load model that combines all possible operating conditions of the renewable DG units with their probabilities, hence accommodating this model in a deterministic planning problem. The planning problem is formulated as mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP), with an objective function for minimizing the system's annual energy losses. The constraints include the voltage limits, the feeders' capacity, the maximum penetration limit, and the discrete size of the available DG units. This proposed technique has been applied to a typical rural distribution system with different scenarios, including all possible combinations of the renewable DG units. The results show that a significant reduction in annual energy losses is achieved for all the proposed scenarios.
1,243 citations
TL;DR: Several system issues which may be encountered as DR penetrates into distribution systems are discussed, including vulnerability and overvoltages due to islanding and coordination with reclosing, system restoration and network issues.
Abstract: Because traditional electric power distribution systems have been designed assuming the primary substation is the sole source of power and short-circuit capacity, DR interconnection results in operating situations that do not occur in a conventional system. This paper discusses several system issues which may be encountered as DR penetrates into distribution systems. The voltage issues covered are the DR impact on system voltage, interaction of DR and capacitor operations, and interaction of DR and voltage regulator and LTC operations. Protection issues include fuse coordination, feeding faults after utility protection opens, impact of DR on interrupting rating of devices, faults on adjacent feeders, fault detection, ground source impacts, single phase interruption on three phase line, recloser coordination and conductor burndown. Loss of power grid is also discussed, including vulnerability and overvoltages due to islanding and coordination with reclosing. Also covered separately are system restoration and network issues.
939 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a general approach and a set of indices to assess some of the technical benefits in a quantitative manner, including voltage profile improvement, line loss reduction, environmental impact reduction, and DG benefit index.
Abstract: Recent changes in the electric utility infrastructure have created opportunities for many technological innovations, including the employment of distributed generation (DG) to achieve a variety of benefits. After a brief discussion of the benefits, this paper proposes a general approach and a set of indices to assess some of the technical benefits in a quantitative manner. The indices proposed are: 1) voltage profile improvement index; 2) line-loss reduction index; 3) environmental impact reduction index; and 4) DG benefit index. Simulation results obtained using a simple 12-bus test system and a radial system are presented and discussed to illustrate the value and usefulness of the proposed approach.
707 citations
"Optimal Placement and Sizing Method..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The following equation is obtained from [24] and is used to improve the voltage profile of the system:...
[...]
...It should be noted that if all the load buses are equally weighted, the value of is given as [24]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, the implementation of both point of collapse (PoC) and continuation methods for the computation of voltage collapse points (saddle-node bifurcations) in large AC/DC power systems is described.
Abstract: The implementation of both point of collapse (PoC) methods and continuation methods for the computation of voltage collapse points (saddle-node bifurcations) in large AC/DC power systems is described. The performance of these methods is compared for real systems of up to 2158 buses. Computational details of the implementation of the PoC and continuation methods are detailed, and the unique problems encountered due to the presence of high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission, area interchange power control, regulating transformers, and voltage and reactive power limits are discussed. The characteristics of a robust PoC power flow program are presented, and its application to detection and solution of voltage stability problems is demonstrated. >
614 citations
"Optimal Placement and Sizing Method..." refers methods in this paper
...The – curve is obtained by applying continuous power flow method [17]....
[...]