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Journal ArticleDOI

Optimal placement and sizing of distribution static compensator (D-STATCOM) in electric distribution networks: A review

TL;DR: In this article, an up-to-date survey of the literature on the optimal allocation of D-STATCOM in distribution networks is presented, which can be classified into five categories including analytical methods, artificial neural network-based approaches, metaheuristic methods, sensitivity approaches, and a combination of sensitivity approaches and metaheuristics.
Abstract: With the growth and development of power grids, optimal utilization of electric networks is very important. Because of the high cost of construction and development of power networks, mitigation of existing issues, such as excessive power losses, voltage profile problems, voltage instabilities, reliability problems and etc. is inevitable. To obviate these problems, Distribution Synchronous Static Compensator (D-STACTOM) as a shunt compensator device can be used in electric distribution networks. Optimal location and size of D-STACOM, should be determined on the basis of economic viability, required quality, reliability and availability. In recent years, several papers have concentrated on the techniques used for finding optimal location and size of the D-STATCOM units considering different aspects. However, to date, no review paper has been published in this field. This paper presents an up to date survey of the literature on the optimal allocation of D-STATCOM in distribution networks. The existing research works have been classified into five categories including analytical methods, artificial neural network-based approaches, metaheuristic methods, sensitivity approaches, and a combination of sensitivity approaches and metaheuristic methods. Moreover, it was found that in D-STATCOM allocation problem, the objectives may be alleviation of power loss, mitigation of voltage deviations, improvement of reliability metrics and enhancement of voltage stability. All methods, objectives and constrains have been compared and discussed in details. Eventually, an overall review on the reviewed works has been provided and some directions for future research were suggested.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a literature survey of flexible ac transmission systems (FACTSs) and voltage-source converters, with smart dynamic controllers, is presented to improve the power quality and ensure efficient energy utilization and energy management in smart grids with renewable energy sources.
Abstract: In the last two decades, emerging use of renewable and distributed energy sources in electricity grid has created new challenges for the utility regarding the power quality, voltage stabilization and efficient energy utilization. Power electronic converters are extensively utilized to interface the emerging energy systems (without and with energy storage) and smart buildings with the transmission and distribution systems. Flexible ac transmission systems (FACTSs) and voltage-source converters, with smart dynamic controllers, are emerging as a stabilization and power filtering equipment to improve the power quality. Also, distributed FACTSs play an important role in improving the power factor, energy utilization, enhancing the power quality, and ensuring efficient energy utilization and energy management in smart grids with renewable energy sources. This paper presents a literature survey of FACTS technology tools and applications for power quality and efficient renewable energy system utilization.

208 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive list of challenges and opportunities supported by a literature review on the evolution of converter-based microgrids is presented, describing the challenges and benefits of using DG units in a distribution network and then those of microgrid ones.

180 citations


Cites background from "Optimal placement and sizing of dis..."

  • ...In [39], a survey of the literature is presented on the optimal allocation of a D-STATCOM in a distribution network....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overall review of 50 recent research work studies, including proposed and compared approaches and techniques, objective functions, approaches, the utilised FACTS devices, constraints, contingency conditions and all the analysed and simulated parameters, is provided and discussed in details.

68 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Current literature survey on optimal location and sizing of reactive power compensations had been discussed which includes analytical, conventional, metaheuristic and hybrid based approaches.
Abstract: With the modernization of power grids, the network optimal utilization is essential to ensure that voltage profile at each bus is maintained within an acceptable range, voltage stability of the system is enhanced, power losses in lines are minimized, reliability and security of system are improved and etc. These can be achieved by introducing reactive power compensation devices such as Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices, Custom Power (CP) devices, synchronous condenser, capacitor bank and etc in distribution or transmission networks. Optimal location and sizing of the reactive power compensation devices are significantly important to ensure sufficient investment onto this device. Recently, most of conducted studies had focused on the techniques for determining the optimal location and sizing of various reactive power compensation devices in the power system using various indices proposed in the literature to access the power loss, voltage stability, voltage profile and line loadability. However, no review paper had discussed on the application of the existing indices adopted in the available techniques for solving the optimal location and sizing problems for all types of reactive power compensation devices. In this paper, current literature survey on optimal location and sizing of reactive power compensations had been discussed which includes analytical, conventional, metaheuristic and hybrid based approaches. The main objectives are to reduce power losses, to mitigate voltage deviations, to increase voltage stability and to improve reliability and security of the system.

47 citations


Cites background or methods from "Optimal placement and sizing of dis..."

  • ...However, to maximize the overall performance of system and to ensure adequate investment of the reactive power compensation devices in the network, themost appropriate type of RPCs with the optimal placement and sizing is essential to provide an effective control [2], [6]–[8]....

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  • ...Analytical approaches or sensitive based approaches are simple, reliable and computing efficiency algorithms that is used to identify the optimum solutions with lack of consideration of nonlinearity and complexity of the system [2], [11], [37]–[39]....

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  • ...CPs are similar to FACTS since it has similar technical base, however, its performance goals are different between these two devices [2]....

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  • ...using metaheuristic algorithm [2], [11], [12], [106], [110], [112]....

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  • ...FACTS are used to alleviate all problems in transmission system which includes increasing energy utilization efficiency, controlling demand flexibly, enhancing voltage stability, regulating voltage, controlling power flow and reducing power losses while CPs are used to mitigate all problems in distribution system especially in enhancing system reliability and solving power quality issues such as power factor, voltage profile and voltage stability [2], [6]....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the current state of the art in computational optimization methods applied to renewable and sustainable energy can be found in this article, which offers a clear vision of the latest research advances in this field.
Abstract: Energy is a vital input for social and economic development. As a result of the generalization of agricultural, industrial and domestic activities the demand for energy has increased remarkably, especially in emergent countries. This has meant rapid grower in the level of greenhouse gas emissions and the increase in fuel prices, which are the main driving forces behind efforts to utilize renewable energy sources more effectively, i.e. energy which comes from natural resources and is also naturally replenished. Despite the obvious advantages of renewable energy, it presents important drawbacks, such as the discontinuity of generation, as most renewable energy resources depend on the climate, which is why their use requires complex design, planning and control optimization methods. Fortunately, the continuous advances in computer hardware and software are allowing researchers to deal with these optimization problems using computational resources, as can be seen in the large number of optimization methods that have been applied to the renewable and sustainable energy field. This paper presents a review of the current state of the art in computational optimization methods applied to renewable and sustainable energy, offering a clear vision of the latest research advances in this field.

1,394 citations

BookDOI
01 Jan 1999

1,195 citations

Book
06 Mar 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive overview of system optimization methods and their application in information-based systems optimization applications, as well as a detailed discussion of the main causes of failure.
Abstract: DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS Generation, Transmission, and Distribution Distribution Substations Primary Distribution Systems Secondary Distribution Systems Load Characteristics Distribution Operations RELIABILITY METRICS AND INDICES Power Quality, Reliability, and Availability Reliability Indices Customer Cost of Reliability Reliability Targets History of Reliability Indices INTERRUPTION CAUSES Equipment Failures Animals Severe Weather Trees Human Factors Most Common Causes COMPONENT MODELING Component Reliability Parameters Failure Rates and Bathtub Curves Probability Distribution Functions Fitting Curves to Measured Data Component Reliability Data SYSTEM MODELING System Events and System States Event Independence Network Modeling Markov Modeling Analytical Simulation for Radial Systems Analytical Simulation for Network Systems Monte Carlo Simulation Other Methodologies SYSTEM ANALYSIS Model Reduction System Calibration System Analysis Improving Reliability Storm Hardening Conversion of Overhead to Underground Economic Analysis Marginal Benefit-to-Cost Analysis Comprehensive Example SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION Overview of Optimization Discrete Optimization Methods Knowledge-Based Systems Optimization Applications Final Thoughts on Optimization Study Questions AGING INFRASTRUCTURE Equipment Aging Equipment Age Profiles Population Aging Behavior Age and Increasing Failure Rates Inspection, Repair, and Replacement State of the Industry Final Thoughts

791 citations

Book
26 Mar 2004
TL;DR: Modelling of Conventional Power Plant and Power Flow including FACTS Controllers and Matlab(R) Computer Program for Optimal Power Flow Solutions using Newton's Method.
Abstract: Preface. Introduction. Modelling of FACTS Controllers. Modelling of Conventional Power Plant. Conventional Power Flow. Power Flow including FACTS Controllers. Three--phase Power Flow. Optimal Power Flow. Power Flow Tracing. Appendix A: Jacobian Elements for FACTS Controllers in Positive Sequence Power Flow. Appendix B: Gradient and Hessian Elements for Optimal Power Flow Newtona s Method. Appendix C: Matlab(R) Computer Program for Optimal Power Flow Solutions using Newtona s Method. Index.

634 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper explains and discusses thoroughly about various existent strategies for setting PSO parameters, provides some hints for its parameter setting and presents some proposals for future research on this area.
Abstract: Nowadays, particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is one of the most commonly used optimisation techniques. However, PSO parameters significantly affect its computational behaviour. That is, while it exposes desirable computational behaviour with some settings, it does not behave so by some other settings, so the way for setting them is of high importance. This paper explains and discusses thoroughly about various existent strategies for setting PSO parameters, provides some hints for its parameter setting and presents some proposals for future research on this area. There exists no other paper in literature that discusses the setting process for all PSO parameters. Using the guidelines of this paper can be strongly useful for researchers in optimisation-related fields.

277 citations