Optimization of Alkali Treatment Process Parameters for Kenaf Fiber: Experiments Design
TL;DR: Alkali treatment of natural fibers will improve the mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties of natural fiber reinforced epoxy composites as discussed by the authors, and the influence of alkali treatment on the improvem...
Abstract: Alkali treatment of natural fibers will improve the mechanical, chemical, and thermal characteristics of natural fiber reinforced epoxy composites. The influence of alkali treatment on the improvem...
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TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid additive manufacturing (HAM) technique was used to produce natural fiber granulated composites (NFGCs) using a mixture of sugarcane, jute, ramie, banana, pineapple fiber, and seashell powder.
Abstract: In this work, experiments on mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, effects, and stiffness testing are performed on natural fiber granulated composites (NFGC) manufactured using a hybrid additive manufacturing technique. The natural fiber granulated composites are prepared using the powdered form of sugarcane, jute, ramie, banana, pineapple fiber, and seashell powder with a volume fraction of 0.8. In the hybrid additive manufacturing technique, the fused deposited modeling (FDM) machine is modified by combining with the shape deposition modeling (SDM) to print the specimens layer by layer, and the influence of the number of layers on the mechanical properties is analyzed. The results concluded that increasing the number of layers from 6 to 12 improved the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness values by 40.84, 50.04, 21.55, and 20.55%, respectively. Further, a novel technique can be utilized for developing the composites in replacement with conventional methods.
9 citations
Cites methods from "Optimization of Alkali Treatment Pr..."
...[46] optimized the process parameters involved in the preparation of kenaf fiber through the design of the experiment....
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10 Aug 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of alkaline modification and natural fiber processing parameters, such as particle size, modification concentration, soaking duration, processing temperature, fiber-to-polymer ratio, and adoption of additives, on composites are discussed.
Abstract: Throughout generations, research on natural fiber-reinforced composites (NFRCs) has been growing and yielding promising results. The notion of blending natural fibers with polymers comes from the composite’s suitable properties, not limited to low density, availability at a low price, biodegradability, and environmental friendliness. The quest for high-performing and marketable NFRCs is driving innovation in the synthesis of such materials. A suitable combination of parameters that optimizes the mechanical and functional properties of the composites without increasing the cost of production is desired. The main objective of this review is to evaluate some of the parameters that influence the behavior and properties of NFRCs. The influence of alkaline modification and natural fiber processing parameters, such as particle size, modification concentration, soaking duration, processing temperature, fiber-to-polymer ratio, and adoption of additives, on composites are discussed. This review summarizes some of the work and provides some directions in the search of an all-around performing economic NFRC.
8 citations
TL;DR: The sustainable utilisation of Kenaf fibres (KF) as environmentally friendly reinforcement in mortar, concrete and polymer composites promotes the concept of a circular economy and sustainable con... as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: –The sustainable utilisation of Kenaf fibres (KF) as environmentally friendly reinforcement in mortar, concrete and polymer composites promotes the concept of a circular economy and sustainable con...
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , an eco-friendly alkali-laccase modification was used to improve the interfacial adhesion of mukwa wood fiber and polylactic acid (PLA) matrix.
6 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive overview of surface treatments applied to natural fibres for advanced composites applications is presented, where the effects of different chemical treatments on cellulosic fibres that are used as reinforcements for thermoset and thermoplastics are studied.
Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive overview on different surface treatments applied to natural fibres for advanced composites applications. In practice, the major drawbacks of using natural fibres are their high degree of moisture absorption and poor dimensional stability. The primary objective of surface treatments on natural fibres is to maximize the bonding strength so as the stress transferability in the composites. The overall mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites are highly dependent on the morphology, aspect ratio, hydrophilic tendency and dimensional stability of the fibres used. The effects of different chemical treatments on cellulosic fibres that are used as reinforcements for thermoset and thermoplastics are studied. The chemical sources for the treatments include alkali, silane, acetylation, benzoylation, acrylation and acrylonitrile grafting, maleated coupling agents, permanganate, peroxide, isocyanate, stearic acid, sodium chlorite, triazine, fatty acid derivate (oleoyl chloride) and fungal. The significance of chemically-treated natural fibres is seen through the improvement of mechanical strength and dimensional stability of resultant composites as compared with a pristine sample.
1,158 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an overview of the developments made in the area of kenaf fiber reinforced composites, in terms of their market, manufacturing methods, and overall properties is presented.
993 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a bibliographic review in the broad field of green composites seeking-out for materials with a potential to be applied in the near future on automotive body panels is provided.
Abstract: This study provides a bibliographic review in the broad field of green composites seeking-out for materials with a potential to be applied in the near future on automotive body panels. Hereupon, materials deriving from renewable resources will be preferred as opposed to the exhaustible fossil products. With the technical information of bio-polymers and natural reinforcements a database was created with the mechanical performance of several possible components for the prospect green composite. Following the review, an assessment is performed where aspects of suitability for the candidate elements in terms of mechanical properties are analyzed. In that section, renewable materials for matrix and reinforcement are screened accordingly in order to identify which hold both adequate strength and stiffness performance along with affordable cost so as to be a promising proposal for a green composite.
908 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of fiber treatment on the mechanical properties of unidirectional sisal-reinforced epoxy composites was investigated, and the relationship between optimized fiber treatment and performance improvement of sisal composites is proposed.
860 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the degree of fiber-matrix adhesion and its effect on the mechanical reinforcement of short henequen fibers and a polyethylene matrix was studied, and the surface treatments were: an alkali treatment, a silane coupling agent and the pre-impregnation process of the HDPE/xylene solution.
Abstract: The degree of fiber–matrix adhesion and its effect on the mechanical reinforcement of short henequen fibers and a polyethylene matrix was studied. The surface treatments were: an alkali treatment, a silane coupling agent and the pre-impregnation process of the HDPE/xylene solution. The presence of Si–O–cellulose and Si–O–Si bonds on the lignocellulosic surface confirmed that the silane coupling agent was efficiently held on the fibres surface through both condensation with cellulose hydroxyl groups and self-condensation between silanol groups. The fiber–matrix interface shear strength (IFSS) was used as an indicator of the fiber–matrix adhesion improvement, and also to determine a suitable value of fiber length in order to process the composite with relative ease. It was noticed that the IFSS observed for the different fiber surface treatments increased and such interface strength almost doubled only by changing the mechanical interaction and the chemical interactions between fiber and matrix. HDPE-henequen fiber composite materials were prepared with a 20% v/v fiber content and the tensile, flexural and shear properties were studied. The comparison of tensile properties of the composites showed that the silane treatment and the matrix-resin pre-impregnation process of the fiber produced a significant increase in tensile strength, while the tensile modulus remained relatively unaffected. The increase in tensile strength was only possible when the henequen fibers were treated first with an alkaline solution. It was also shown that the silane treatment produced a significant increase in flexural strength while the flexural modulus also remained relatively unaffected. The shear properties of the composites also increased significantly, but, only when the henequen fibers were treated with the silane coupling agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies of the composites failure surfaces also indicated that there is an improved adhesion between fiber and matrix. Examination of the failure surfaces also indicated differences in the interfacial failure mode. With increasing fiber–matrix adhesion the failure mode changed from interfacial failure and considerable fiber pull-out from the matrix for the untreated fiber to matrix yielding and fiber and matrix tearing for the alkaline, matrix-resin pre-impregnation and silane treated fibers.
769 citations