Optimization of Overcurrent Relays in Microgrid Using Interior Point Method and Active Set Method
01 Jan 2017-pp 89-97
TL;DR: This paper aims to identify the optimized values of time of operation of overcurrent relays in a microgrid network and solves the optimization problem using two methods—Interior Point method and Active Set method.
Abstract: Microgrid is an aggregate of generating units and loads at the distribution level. It operates in two modes: grid connected mode and Islanded mode. Fault clearance in a microgrid is a key challenge for protection engineers. This paper aims to identify the optimized values of time of operation of overcurrent relays in a microgrid network. This paper solves the optimization problem using two methods—Interior Point method and Active Set method. Also three types of relays are used to determine which relay works best in similar constraint environment. These methods aid in providing suitable relay coordination in microgrid and clear the faulty portion of network quickly from the healthy portion of network.
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TL;DR: In this article, an advanced heuristic based on Morlet wavelet neural network for solving the mosquito release ecosystem in a heterogeneous atmosphere is presented, where an artificial neural network with the layer structure of MORLET wavelet (MWNN) kernel is presented using the global and local search optimization schemes of genetic algorithm (GA) and active set algorithm (ASA), i.e., MWNN-GA-ASA.
Abstract: The utmost advancements of artificial neural networks (ANNs), software-defined networks (SDNs) and internet of things (IoT) technologies find beneficial in different applications of the smart healthcare sector. Aiming at modern technology’s use in the future development of healthcare, this paper presents an advanced heuristic based on Morlet wavelet neural network for solving the mosquito release ecosystem in a heterogeneous atmosphere. The mosquito release ecosystem is dependent of six classes, eggs density, larvae density, pupae density, mosquitoes searching for hosts density, resting mosquito’s density and mosquitoes searching for ovipositional site density. An artificial neural network with the layer structure of Morlet wavelet (MWNN) kernel is presented using the global and local search optimization schemes of genetic algorithm (GA) and active-set algorithm (ASA), i.e., MWNN-GA-ASA. The accurateness, reliability and constancy of the proposed MWNN-GA-ASA is established through comparative examinations with Adams method based numerical results to solve the proposed nonlinear system with matching of order 10−06 to 10−09. The accuracy and convergence of the proposed MWNN-GA-ASA is certified using the statistical operators based on root mean square error (RMSE), Theil’s inequality coefficient (T.I.C) and mean absolute deviation (MAD) operators.
21 citations
TL;DR: A novel optimization technique derived from the crow search algorithm (CSA) for overcurrent (OC) relay coordination in mesh distribution networks and the competence of the proposed technique is verified for four different power system networks and compared with existing techniques.
Abstract: This paper proposed a novel optimization technique derived from the crow search algorithm (CSA) for overcurrent (OC) relay coordination in mesh distribution networks. CSA is a meta-heuristi...
11 citations
Cites methods from "Optimization of Overcurrent Relays ..."
...Besides with LP, the interior point method and active set method also has been used but it has convergence limitation and initial guess value problem [10,11]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the numerical results of the influenza disease nonlinear system using the feed forward artificial neural networks (ANNs) along with the optimization of the combination of global and local search schemes are presented.
Abstract: The aim of this work is to present the numerical results of the influenza disease nonlinear system using the feed forward artificial neural networks (ANNs) along with the optimization of the combination of global and local search schemes. The genetic algorithm (GA) and active-set method (ASM), i.e., GA-ASM, are implemented as global and local search schemes. The mathematical nonlinear influenza disease system is dependent of four classes, susceptible S(u), infected I(u), recovered R(u) and cross-immune individuals C(u). For the solutions of these classes based on influenza disease system, the design of an objective function is presented using these differential system equations and its corresponding initial conditions. The optimization of this objective function is using the hybrid computing combination of GA-ASM for solving all classes of the influenza disease nonlinear system. The obtained numerical results will be compared by the Adams numerical results to check the authenticity of the designed ANN-GA-ASM. In addition, the designed approach through statistical based operators shows the consistency and stability for solving the influenza disease nonlinear system.
6 citations
01 Mar 2018
TL;DR: IoT is used to solve the issues of microgrid reconfiguration occurring due to faults, changing energy usage patterns and inclusion and removal of DERs by using suitable processor based technology.
Abstract: Microgrids comprise low voltage distribution systems with distributed energy resources (DER) and controllable loads which can operate connected to the medium voltage grid or islanded in a controlled and coordinated way [1]. Microgrids are controlled units which report their current state to a central control unit called Central Protection Centre (CPC) thus increasing reliability of the system. This feature also increases the controllability, security and ease of power flow. By connecting load centers to a microgrid, uninterrupted power is supplied to households and industries with reduction in energy theft, interruptions and loss in energy. However the challenge lies in automating the entire process of monitoring, protection and control of all the grid parameters. This becomes more critical with inclusion of DERs as they are inconsistent sources of energy. In this paper the concepts of Internet of Things(IoT) is used to solve the issues of microgrid reconfiguration occurring due to faults, changing energy usage patterns and inclusion and removal of DERs. By using suitable processor based technology it is aimed to automate the process, reduce the cost and size of establishment and reduce the overall cost of energy to the supplier.
5 citations
Cites background from "Optimization of Overcurrent Relays ..."
...A great challenge lies in the protection of grid as it should respond to the fault of utility grid as well as renewable sources [1-5]....
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4 citations
References
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TL;DR: An implementation of an interior point method to the optimal reactive dispatch problem is described in this article, which is based on the primal-dual algorithm and the numerical results in large scale networks (1832 and 3467 bus systems) have shown that this technique can be very effective to some optimal power flow applications.
Abstract: An implementation of an interior point method to the optimal reactive dispatch problem is described. The interior point method used is based on the primal-dual algorithm and the numerical results in large scale networks (1832 and 3467 bus systems) have shown that this technique can be very effective to some optimal power flow applications. >
842 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents continuous genetic algorithm (CGA) technique for optimum coordination of OCR in a ring fed distribution system and it is shown that the CGA is inherently faster than binary Genetic Algorithm (GA) because the chromosomes do not have to be decoded.
Abstract: Overcurrent relays (OCR) are the major protection devices in a distribution system. To reduce the power outages, mal-operation of the backup relays should be avoided, and therefore, OCR time coordination in power distribution network is a major concern of protection engineer. The OCR time coordination in ring fed distribution networks is a highly constrained optimization problem. The purpose is to find an optimum relay setting to minimize the time of operation of relays and at the same time, to avoid the mal-operation of relays. This paper presents continuous genetic algorithm (CGA) technique for optimum coordination of OCR in a ring fed distribution system. Constraints are incorporated in the fitness function making use of the penalty method. The CGA is inherently faster than binary genetic algorithm (GA) because the chromosomes do not have to be decoded. Also the CGA gives an advantage of requiring less storage than binary GA.
124 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a central protection center (CPC) is incorporated whose function is to monitor the MG continuously, identify fault occurrence, and locate the exact faulted branch, which is capable of clearing the fault by disconnecting minimum portion of the network and ensuring continuity of supply to a majority of loads.
Abstract: Decentralization of electric power is possible with the penetration of distributed generators (DGs) in the microgrid (MG) network. Reconfiguration of MG poses a key challenge in identifying suitable protection schemes for varying the topology of the network. In this paper, a central protection center (CPC) is incorporated whose function is to monitor the MG continuously, identify fault occurrence, and locate the exact faulted branch. The proposed Prim-aided Dijkstra algorithm executed continuously in the CPC is responsible for identifying the current topology of the network and aids in identifying the shortest route from the faulted point to the nearest operating source. The CPC is also responsible for adaptively varying the settings of the relays existing in the shortest path identified based on their selectivity levels. This heuristic algorithm is validated on IEEE 21-bus and 40-bus MG test systems for all possible topologies and faults. The proposed algorithm is capable of clearing the fault by disconnecting minimum portion of the network and ensuring continuity of supply to a majority of loads.
74 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based intelligent controller for overcurrent (OC) protection of a radial distribution system is realized and when a fault is detected in the network, the FPGA based adaptive and intelligent controller performs the OC relay coordination and trips the appropriate circuit breakers of the system.
Abstract: In this paper, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based intelligent controller for overcurrent (OC) protection of a radial distribution system is realized. This controller monitors the radial distribution network continuously and when a fault is detected in the network, the FPGA based adaptive and intelligent controller performs the OC relay coordination and trips the appropriate circuit breakers of the system. The FPGA based digital prototype relay for overcurrent protection is realized with Atlys Digilent Spartan-6 FPGA kit. The performance of the FPGA based overcurrent protection technique for a 4-bus radial distribution system is compared with that of the conventional dual simplex algorithm. The proposed FPGA based overcurrent protection algorithm is also tested for an IEEE 33-bus radial distribution network.
26 citations
TL;DR: An intelligent graph theory-based RLF analysis to solve “dynamic” problems and the proposed algorithm will help in arranging line data for any combination of tie switch positions, to check the radiality of the system and to ensure that all nodes are connected with the source node.
Abstract: Summary
Radial load flow (RLF) methods are frequently used in solving distribution system problems. The conventional Jacobian-based load flow methods (e.g., Newton–Raphson) may fail to converge in solving distribution system due to high resistance to reactance ratio of distribution lines. RLF methods are based on sweep-based mechanism and require that the line data must be arranged in accordance with network topology. This problem needs special attention particularly in case of solving dynamic power system problems, where topology of the network changes with tie switches position (network reconfiguration problem). This paper has presented an intelligent graph theory-based RLF analysis to solve “dynamic” problems. The proposed algorithm will help in arranging line data for any combination of tie switch positions, to check the radiality of the system and to ensure that all nodes are connected with the source node. The effectiveness of the proposed method is also validated by solving 16-bus and 33-bus network reconfiguration problem using graph theory-based RLF method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
22 citations