Optimized polymeric Mach-Zehnder rib waveguide structure derived from optical waveguide modeling techniques
12 Oct 2005-Vol. 2, pp 1493-1496
TL;DR: An optimized structure of the polymeric Mach-Zehnder rib waveguide is derived from optical waveguide modeling Techniques and shows good agreement with the reported ones derived from experiments.
Abstract: In this paper an optimized structure of the polymeric Mach-Zehnder rib waveguide is derived from optical waveguide modeling Techniques. The simulation is carried out by employing the effective index method (EIM) and two-dimensional finite difference beam propagation method (2D-FD-BPM). The precision of the calculation is ensured by applying the EIM to reduce the large refractive index step between consecutive polymer layers. Important parameters of the waveguide and their relationships with the optical power transmission are investigated. The power loss of the optimized waveguide is /spl sim/0.26 dB. The optimized structural parameters show good agreement with the reported ones derived from experiments.
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02 Jul 1998
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the state-of-the-art in the field of optical integrated devices and circuits and discuss the trends, guided by applicative goals, not only from the theoretical point of view but also from a practical one.
Abstract: The notorious implication of integrated optics in the nowadays communication systems makes more interesting the development of optical integrated devices and circuits. The evolution of the communication systems was sustained by the integrated optics and it is obvious that the actual interests in the optical communications are also transferred and adapted to integrated optics. The presentation of actual state-of-the-art in this field is a good opportunity both for an evaluation on the above mentioned evolution and for discerning the actual trends and their perspectives. These trends, guided by applicative goals, have to be discussed not only from the theoretical point of view but also from a practical one.
165 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: This book offers a straightforward presentation of the sophisticated techniques used in waveguide analysis and enables a quick grasp of modern numerical methods with easy mathematics.
Abstract: A complete survey of modern design and analysis techniques for optical waveguides This volume thoroughly details modern and widely accepted methods for designing the optical waveguides used in telecommunications systems. It offers a straightforward presentation of the sophisticated techniques used in waveguide analysis and enables a quick grasp of modern numerical methods with easy mathematics. The book is intended to guide the reader to a comprehensive understanding of optical waveguide analysis through self-study. This comprehensive presentation includes: An extensive and exhaustive list of mathematical manipulations Detailed explanations of common design methods: finite element method (FEM), finite difference method (FDM), beam propagation method (BPM), and finite difference time-domain method (FD-TDM) Explanations for numerical solutions of optical waveguide problems with sophisticated techniques used in modern computer-aided design (CAD) software Solutions to Maxwell's equations and the Schrodinger equation The authors provide excellent self-study material for practitioners, researchers, and students, while also presenting detailed mathematical manipulations that can be easily understood by readers who are unfamiliar with them. Introduction to Optical Waveguide Analysis presents modern design methods in a comprehensive and easy-to-understand format.
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References
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TL;DR: A survey of suitable optical polymer systems, their processing techniques, and the integrated optical waveguide components and circuits derived from these materials is summarized in this paper, where the characteristics of several important classes of optical polymers, such as their refractive index, optical loss, processibility/mechanical properties, and environmental performance are discussed.
Abstract: Polymer optical waveguide devices will play a key role in several rapidly developing areas of broadband communications, such as optical networking, metropolitan/access communications, and computing systems due to their easier processibility and integration over inorganic counterparts. The combined advantages also makes them an ideal integration platform where foreign material systems such as YIG (yttrium iron garnet) and lithium niobate, and semiconductor devices such as lasers, detectors, amplifiers, and logic circuits can be inserted into an etched groove in a planar lightwave circuit to enable full amplifier modules or optical add/drop multiplexers on a single substrate. Moreover, the combination of flexibility and toughness in optical polymers makes it suitable for vertical integration to realize 3D and even all-polymer integrated optics. In this review, a survey of suitable optical polymer systems, their processing techniques, and the integrated optical waveguide components and circuits derived from these materials is summarized. The first part is focused on discussing the characteristics of several important classes of optical polymers, such as their refractive index, optical loss, processibility/mechanical properties, and environmental performance. Then, the emphasis is placed on the discussion of several novel passive and active (electro-optic and thermo-optic) polymer systems and versatile processing techniques commonly used for fabricating component devices, such as photoresist-based patterning, direct lithographic patterning, and soft lithography. At the end, a series of compelling polymer optical waveguide devices including optical interconnects, directional couplers, array waveguide grating (AWG) multi/demultiplexers, switches, tunable filters, variable optical attenuators (VOAs), and amplifiers are reviewed. Several integrated planar lightwave circuits, such as tunable optical add/drop multiplexers (OADMs), photonic crystal superprism waveguides, digital optical switches (DOSs) integrated with VOAs, traveling-wave heterojunction phototransistors, and three-dimensionally (3D) integrated optical devices are also highlighted.
1,161 citations
"Optimized polymeric Mach-Zehnder ri..." refers background or methods in this paper
...Finally we have successfully obtained the optimized structural parameters for the reference of device fabrication, which offers flexibility for the design of different polymeric photonic devices based on the MZ waveguide structure [1]....
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...Mach-Zehnder (MZ) waveguide structure is the key component in fabricating polymeric electro-optic devices, such as intensity modulators, phase modulators, optical switches and fllters [1], (2]....
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TL;DR: In this article, mode-matching and beam-propagation methods are used to analyze single-mode operation of optical GeSi-Si and Si-SiO/sub 2/ semiconductor rib waveguides.
Abstract: Mode-matching and beam-propagation methods are used to analyze single-mode operation of optical GeSi-Si and Si-SiO/sub 2/ semiconductor rib waveguides. The waveguide dimensions that allow only the fundamental HE/sub 00/ or EH/sub 00/ mode to propagate have been determined. For both material systems, it is found that the rib can be several microns wide and several microns high, thus allowing efficient coupling to single-mode fibers. Numerical examples are given for monomode guiding group-IV materials, but the results apply to III-V rib waveguides. It is shown that single-mode rib guides with large cross sections are feasible as long as the waveguide is at least several millimeters long. >
696 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) is outlined and assessed in comparison with conventional beam propagation methods which use fast Fourier transformation.
Abstract: A finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) is outlined and assessed in comparison with a conventional beam propagation method (FFT-BPM) which uses fast Fourier transformation. In the comparative study three straight waveguides with different index profiles that are frequently encountered in integrated optics are utilized. Using both methods normalized effective index values of the eigenmodes of these waveguides are calculated and compared with the exact values obtained from analytical expressions. As a further accuracy criterion, the power loss due to numerical errors when an eigenmode of a waveguide is excited is evaluated. Based on this comparison the accuracy, computational efficiency, and stability of the FD-BPM are assessed. >
508 citations
"Optimized polymeric Mach-Zehnder ri..." refers methods in this paper
...The 2D-FD-BPM is chosen because of its stability and high calculation efficiency, accordingly its combination with the EIM considerably reduces the extra computation time required in 3D waveguide analysis [41, [5]....
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TL;DR: 以上, Ti拡散LiNbO3を中心として, 光集積化の特長について述べ, 代表的な導波路材料を含めて具体的な光ICを紹介した
Abstract: 以上, Ti拡散LiNbO3を中心として, 光集積化の特長について述べ, 代表的な導波路材料を含めて具体的な光ICを紹介したこれによって, 光ICの基礎的な概念と最近の研究動向の一端がご理解いただければ幸いである現状は, ようやく実用的なニーズにこたえる光ICが試作される段階に達したところであり, 実際のシステムサイドの要求を満足するには, なお光ICの実装技術を含めて検討すべき問題が残されているしかし, 今や薄膜光導波を基礎とする光IC技術は光エレクトロニクスの分野において不可欠なキーテクノロジーである今後は, 非線形光学効果を用いた光-光制御素子を始めとして, 新しい機能をもつ導波形素子, 光ICの開発に向けてのなお一層の研究の進展が期待される
248 citations