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Journal ArticleDOI

Optimizing the Power Required In Hyperthermia Treatment Using Magnetic Nanoparticles

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed the power range of 2.75W - 6.5W applied to the magnetic nanoparticles up to time intervals till 10 seconds for a tumor with diameter up to 5 cm for its removal.
Abstract: Hyperthermia is the name given to the technique involving selective heating of magnetic particles using high frequency magnetic field. The present paper uses the fact that tumor in the affected area can be removed by heating it up to temperatures, in range of 41ᵒC - 46ᵒC. We propose the power range of 2.75W - 6.5W applied to the magnetic nanoparticles up to time intervals till 10 seconds for a tumor with diameter up to 5cm for its removal. Temperature in the affected area has been studied as a function of magnetic nanoparticle diameter, exposure time of nanoparticles by alternating magnetic field and power.
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Book ChapterDOI
12 Feb 2020
TL;DR: The chapter deals with the application of iron oxide nanoparticles in the field of medicine and focuses on the treatment of cancerous cells in the body as a case study.
Abstract: The chapter deals with the application of iron oxide nanoparticles in the field of medicine. It focuses on the treatment of cancerous cells in the body as a case study. Cancer as we all know is a disease which is spreading at the speed of light across the nations, primarily due to the lifestyles and heredity. The human war against the disease is on, and many cures are in practice or under research, so as to limit the deaths due to it. Most of the research is focused on finding alternative and effective techniques in conquering cancer, so that the stigma attached with it can be diminished; the researchers are also focusing on lowering the side effects of the currently practiced cures. We all hope that a day will come when it will come under the category of conquerable diseases. It has been shown that cancer deaths in the world have declined considerably, but it is still unconquerable. It is still one of the leading causes of death around the globe. Usual therapy like radiation, surgery, and immunotherapy in addition to chemotherapy has shown challenges like ease of access to the tumor cells, danger of operating on a vital organ to name some. Off late, research laboratories are using nanoparticles for the detection in addition to drug delivery in treatment of various diseases. It gives boost to minimizing the side effects encountered in conventional therapies at the cellular and tissue level. Nanoparticles’ widespread use is accounted by their size.

1 citations


Cites background from "Optimizing the Power Required In Hy..."

  • ...Dependency of temperature in the affected area on the diameter of the magnetic nanoparticle in addition to exposure time of magnetic nanoparticles by alternating magnetic field and power was studied [20, 21]....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The problems and recent advances in the development of magnetic NPs for drug delivery are reviewed, focusing particularly on the materials involved.

1,439 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The finding that males were somewhat more commonly affected than were females in patients who responded to general anaesthetics with malignant hyperthermia does not contradict previous observations of dominant inheritance of the syndrome.
Abstract: Information was collected on 89 patients who responded to general anaesthetics with malignant hyperthermia. The syndrome occurred at the rate of about one in 14,000 anaesthetics among a hospital population of children. The patient mortality was 64 per cent. The finding that males were somewhat more commonly affected than were females does not contradict previous observations of dominant inheritance of the syndrome. About one-third of patients had relatives who were also affected with malignant hyperthermia, although a few patients had had previous uneventful general anaesthetics. The racial origin was varied. A pre-existing muscle or musculoskeletal disease was present more frequently than expected in patients who manifested rigidity.

363 citations


"Optimizing the Power Required In Hy..." refers background in this paper

  • ...A number of hyperthermia techniques have been suggested [9-15] since 1970....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, self-heated thermistor probes, inserted into the tissue of interest, are used to deliver heat as well as to monitor the rate of heat removal, and thermal properties were measured in dog, pig, rabbit, and human tissues.
Abstract: This paper presents an experimental method to measure the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of biomaterials. Self-heated thermistor probes, inserted into the tissue of interest, are used to deliver heat as well as to monitor the rate of heat removal. An empirical calibration procedure allows accurate thermal-property measurements over a wide range of tissue temperatures. Operation of the instrument in three media with known thermal properties shows the uncertainty of measurements to be about 2%. The reproducibility is 0.5% for the thermal-conductivity measurements and 2% for the thermal-diffusivity measurements. Thermal properties were measured in dog, pig, rabbit, and human tissues. The tissues included kidney, spleen, liver, brain, heart, lung, pancreas, colon cancer, and breast cancer. Thermal properties were measured for 65 separate tissue samples at 3, 10, 17, 23, 30, 37, and 45°C. The results show that the temperature coefficient of biomaterials approximates that of water.

304 citations


"Optimizing the Power Required In Hy..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Liver Tissue and Nanoparticle Parameters [11,20-22] Parameter Constant Value Radius of liver tumor A 2....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The current state of research on applications of magnetic carriers for cancer therapy is reviewed, discussing the advances and drawbacks of both passive and targeted delivery of MNPs.
Abstract: Today, technologies based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are routinely applied to biological systems with diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The paradigmatic example is the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a technique that uses the magnetic moments of MNPs as a disturbance of the proton resonance to obtain images. Similarly, magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) uses MNPs as heat generators to induce localized cell death. The physical basis of these techniques relies on the interaction with external magnetic fields, and therefore the magnetic moment of the particles has to be maximized for these applications. Targeted drug-delivery based on 'smart' nanoparticles is the next step towards more efficient oncologic therapies, by delivering a minimal dose of drug only to the vicinity of the target. Current improvements in this fields relay on a) particle functionalization with specific ligands for targeting cell membrane recep- tors and b) loading MNPs onto cells (e.g., dendritic cells, T-cells, macrophages) having an active role in tumor grow. Here we review the current state of research on applications of magnetic carriers for cancer therapy, discussing the advances and drawbacks of both passive and targeted delivery of MNPs. The most promising strategies for targeted delivery of MNPs are analyzed, evaluating the expected im- pact on clinical MRI and MFH protocols.

282 citations


"Optimizing the Power Required In Hy..." refers background in this paper

  • ...A number of hyperthermia techniques have been suggested [9-15] since 1970....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: More efficient targeting magnetic systems in combination with prolonged circulation lifespan and carriers' surface recognition properties will improve the targeting efficiency of magnetic nanocarriers and enhance therapeutic agent availability at the molecular site of agent action.
Abstract: Background: Magnetic vehicles are very attractive for delivery of therapeutic agents as they can be targeted to specific locations in the body through the application of a magnetic field gradient. The magnetic localization of a therapeutic agent results in the concentration of the therapy at the target site consequently reducing or eliminating the systemic drug side effects. Objective: The aim of this review is to provide an update on the progress made in the development of the magnetic targeting technique addressing characteristics of the magnetic carriers and limitations of the current targeting magnet systems. Methods: This review discusses fundamental requirements for the optimal formulation of the magnetic carrier, current applications and potentially new approaches for the magnetically mediated, site-specific localization of therapeutic agents, including drugs, genes and cells. Results/conclusion: More efficient targeting magnetic systems in combination with prolonged circulation lifespan and carrie...

223 citations


"Optimizing the Power Required In Hy..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Boris Polyak and Gary Friedman in 2009, proposed applications and clinical potential of magnetic targeting for site-specific drug delivery [17]....

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