Optimum Megawatt-Frequency Control of Multiarea Electric Energy Systems
TL;DR: In this article, the authors question seriously the basis for this practice and prove by the methods of optimum control that better response and wider stability margins can be obtained by lower bias settings.
Abstract: The North American Power Systems Interconnection Committee recommends that each control area set its frequency bias equal to the so-called area frequency response characteristic (AFRC). The authors question seriously the basis for this practice and prove by the methods of optimum control that better response and wider stability margins can be obtained by lower bias settings.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a critical literature review and an up-to-date and exhaustive bibliography on the AGC of power systems, highlighting various control aspects concerning the AGG problem.
Abstract: An attempt is made in This work to present critical literature review and an up-to-date and exhaustive bibliography on the AGC of power systems. Various control aspects concerning the AGC problem have been highlighted. AGC schemes based on parameters, such as linear and nonlinear power system models, classical and optimal control, and centralized, decentralized, and multilevel control, are discussed. AGC strategies based on digital, self-tuning control, adaptive, VSS systems, and intelligent/soft computing control have been included. Finally, the investigations on AGC systems incorporating BES/SMES, wind turbines, FACTS devices, and PV systems have also been discussed.
836 citations
Cites background or methods from "Optimum Megawatt-Frequency Control ..."
...Fosha and Elgerd [30] were the first to present their pioneering work on optimal AGC regulator design using this concept....
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...olutionary optimal control concept for AGC regulator designs of interconnected power systems was initiated by Elgerd [9]....
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...Elgerd and Fosha [9] suggested a feedback and loop gain to eliminate the disturbance, and they also suggested a different feedback form to develop optimal controllers [30] for an electrical energy system....
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...The major part of the work reported so far has been performed by considering linearized models of two/multiarea power systems [3], [4], [7], [9], [21], [22]....
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...The revolutionary optimal control concept for AGC regulator designs of interconnected power systems was initiated by Elgerd [9]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe what automatic generation control (AGC) might be expected to do, and what may not be possible or expedient for it to do; the purposes and objectives of AGC are limited by physical elements involved in the process and the relevant characteristics of these elements are described.
Abstract: The authors describe what automatic generation control (AGC) might be expected to do, and what may not be possible or expedient for it to do. The purposes and objectives of AGC are limited by physical elements involved in the process and, hence, the relevant characteristics of these elements are described. For reasons given, it is desired that AGC act slowly and deliberately over tens of seconds or a few minutes. From a perspective of utility operations, there is no particular economic or control purpose served by speeding up the AGC action. >
710 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of control strategies for researchers, as well as of their current use in the field of load frequency control (LFC), and make various comparisons between these approaches, and the main advantages and disadvantages of the methods.
504 citations
TL;DR: An extensive literature review on load-frequency control (LFC) problem in power system has been highlighted in this article, where various configuration of power system models and control techniques/strategies that concerns to LFC issues have been addressed in conventional as well as distribution generation-based power systems.
Abstract: In this paper an extensive literature review on load–frequency control (LFC) problem in power system has been highlighted. The various configuration of power system models and control techniques/strategies that concerns to LFC issues have been addressed in conventional as well as distribution generation-based power systems. Further, investigations on LFC challenges incorporating storage devices BESS/SMES, FACTS devices, wind–diesel and PV systems etc have been discussed too.
485 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the traditional automatic generation control (AGC) two-area system is modified to take into account the effect of bilateral contracts on the dynamics of the system, and the concept of distribution companies (DISCO) participation matrix to simulate these bilateral contracts is introduced and reflected in the two area block diagram.
Abstract: In this paper, the traditional automatic generation control (AGC) two-area system is modified to take into account the effect of bilateral contracts on the dynamics. The concept of distribution companies (DISCO) participation matrix to simulate these bilateral contracts is introduced and reflected in the two-area block diagram. Trajectory sensitivities are used to obtain optimal parameters of the system using a gradient Newton algorithm.
474 citations
Cites background from "Optimum Megawatt-Frequency Control ..."
...The trajectory sensitivities are helpful in studying the effects of parameters as well as in optimization of the ACE parametersviz. tie line bias and frequency bias parameter....
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