Journal ArticleDOI
Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits
Marco Springmann,Michael Clark,Daniel Mason-D'Croz,Daniel Mason-D'Croz,Keith Wiebe,Benjamin Leon Bodirsky,Luis Lassaletta,Wim de Vries,Sonja J. Vermeulen,Mario Herrero,Kimberly M. Carlson,Malin Jonell,Max Troell,Max Troell,Fabrice DeClerck,Line Gordon,Rami Zurayk,Peter Scarborough,Mike Rayner,Brent Loken,Jess Fanzo,H. Charles J. Godfray,David Tilman,David Tilman,Johan Rockström,Johan Rockström,Walter C. Willett +26 more
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TLDR
A global model finds that the environmental impacts of the food system could increase by 60–90% by 2050, and that dietary changes, improvements in technologies and management, and reductions in food loss and waste will all be needed to mitigate these impacts.Abstract:
The food system is a major driver of climate change, changes in land use, depletion of freshwater resources, and pollution of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems through excessive nitrogen and phosphorus inputs. Here we show that between 2010 and 2050, as a result of expected changes in population and income levels, the environmental effects of the food system could increase by 50–90% in the absence of technological changes and dedicated mitigation measures, reaching levels that are beyond the planetary boundaries that define a safe operating space for humanity. We analyse several options for reducing the environmental effects of the food system, including dietary changes towards healthier, more plant-based diets, improvements in technologies and management, and reductions in food loss and waste. We find that no single measure is enough to keep these effects within all planetary boundaries simultaneously, and that a synergistic combination of measures will be needed to sufficiently mitigate the projected increase in environmental pressures.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems
Walter C. Willett,Johan Rockström,Johan Rockström,Brent Loken,Marco Springmann,Tim Lang,Sonja J. Vermeulen,Sonja J. Vermeulen,Tara Garnett,David Tilman,David Tilman,Fabrice DeClerck,Fabrice DeClerck,Amanda Wood,Malin Jonell,Michael Clark,Line Gordon,Jessica Fanzo,Corinna Hawkes,Rami Zurayk,Juan A Rivera,Wim de Vries,Lindiwe Majele Sibanda,Ashkan Afshin,Abhishek Chaudhary,Abhishek Chaudhary,Mario Herrero,Rina Agustina,Francesco Branca,Anna Lartey,Shenggen Fan,Beatrice Crona,Elizabeth L. Fox,Victoria Bignet,Max Troell,Max Troell,Therese Lindahl,Therese Lindahl,Sudhvir Singh,Sarah Cornell,K. Srinath Reddy,Sunita Narain,Sania Nishtar,Christopher J L Murray +43 more
TL;DR: Food in the Anthropocene : the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems focuses on meat, fish, vegetables and fruit as sources of protein.
Climate change 2014 - Mitigation of climate change
TL;DR: The work of the IPCC Working Group III 5th Assessment report as mentioned in this paper is a comprehensive, objective and policy neutral assessment of the current scientific knowledge on mitigating climate change, which has been extensively reviewed by experts and governments to ensure quality and comprehensiveness.
Journal ArticleDOI
The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: responding to converging crises.
Nick Watts,Markus Amann,Nigel W. Arnell,Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson,Jessica Beagley,Kristine Belesova,Maxwell T. Boykoff,Peter Byass,Wenjia Cai,Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum,Stuart Capstick,Jonathan Chambers,Samantha Coleman,Carole Dalin,Meaghan Daly,Niheer Dasandi,Shouro Dasgupta,Michael Davies,Claudia Di Napoli,Paula Dominguez-Salas,Paul Drummond,Robert Dubrow,Kristie L. Ebi,Matthew J. Eckelman,Paul Ekins,Luis E. Escobar,Lucien Georgeson,Su Golder,Delia Grace,Hilary Graham,Paul Haggar,Ian Hamilton,Stella M. Hartinger,Jeremy J. Hess,Shih Che Hsu,Nick Hughes,Slava Mikhaylov,Marcia P. Jimenez,Ilan Kelman,Harry Kennard,Gregor Kiesewetter,Patrick L. Kinney,Tord Kjellstrom,Dominic Kniveton,Pete Lampard,Bruno Lemke,Yang Liu,Zhao Liu,Melissa C. Lott,Rachel Lowe,Jaime Martinez-Urtaza,Mark A. Maslin,Lucy McAllister,Alice McGushin,Celia McMichael,James Milner,Maziar Moradi-Lakeh,Karyn Morrissey,Simon Munzert,Kris A. Murray,Kris A. Murray,Tara Neville,Maria Nilsson,Maquins Odhiambo Sewe,Tadj Oreszczyn,Matthias Otto,Fereidoon Owfi,Olivia Pearman,David Pencheon,Ruth Quinn,Mahnaz Rabbaniha,Elizabeth J. Z. Robinson,Joacim Rocklöv,Marina Romanello,Jan C. Semenza,Jodi D. Sherman,Liuhua Shi,Marco Springmann,Meisam Tabatabaei,Jonathon Taylor,Joaquin Trinanes,Joy Shumake-Guillemot,Bryan N. Vu,Paul Wilkinson,Matthew Winning,Peng Gong,Hugh Montgomery,Anthony Costello +87 more
TL;DR: TRANSLATIONS For the Chinese, French, German, and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Journal ArticleDOI
Six transformations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals
Jeffrey D. Sachs,Guido Schmidt-Traub,Mariana Mazzucato,Dirk Messner,Nebojsa Nakicenovic,Johan Rockström +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce six SDG Transformations as modular building-blocks of SDG achievement: education, gender and inequality; health, well-being and demography; energy decarbonization and sustainable industry; sustainable food, land, water and oceans; sustainable cities and communities; and digital revolution for sustainable development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Importance and vulnerability of the world's water towers
Walter W. Immerzeel,A. F. Lutz,M. Andrade,M. Andrade,A. Bahl,Hester Biemans,Tobias Bolch,S. Hyde,Steven P. Brumby,Bethan J. Davies,Aurora C. Elmore,Adam Emmer,Min Feng,Alfonso Fernández,Umesh K. Haritashya,Jeffrey S. Kargel,Michele Koppes,Philip Kraaijenbrink,Anil V. Kulkarni,Paul Andrew Mayewski,Santosh Nepal,P. Pacheco,Thomas H. Painter,Francesca Pellicciotti,Harihar Rajaram,Summer Rupper,Anna Sinisalo,Arun Bhakta Shrestha,Daniel Viviroli,Yoshihide Wada,C. Xiao,Tandong Yao,J.E.M. Baillie +32 more
TL;DR: The worldwide distribution and water supply of water towers (snowy or glacierized mountain ranges) is indexed, showing that the most important water towers are also the most vulnerable to socio-economic and climate-change stresses, with huge potential negative impacts on populations downstream.
References
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The representative concentration pathways: an overview
Detlef P. van Vuuren,Detlef P. van Vuuren,Jae Edmonds,Mikiko Kainuma,Keywan Riahi,Allison M. Thomson,Kathy Hibbard,George C. Hurtt,George C. Hurtt,Tom Kram,Volker Krey,Jean-Francois Lamarque,Toshihiko Masui,Malte Meinshausen,Nebojsa Nakicenovic,Nebojsa Nakicenovic,Steven J. Smith,Steven K. Rose +17 more
TL;DR: The Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) as discussed by the authors is a set of four new pathways developed for the climate modeling community as a basis for long-term and near-term modeling experiments.
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Transformation of the Nitrogen Cycle: Recent Trends, Questions, and Potential Solutions
James N. Galloway,Alan R. Townsend,Jan Willem Erisman,Mateete A. Bekunda,Zucong Cai,J. R. Freney,Luiz Antonio Martinelli,Sybil P. Seitzinger,Mark A. Sutton +8 more
TL;DR: Optimizing the need for a key human resource while minimizing its negative consequences requires an integrated interdisciplinary approach and the development of strategies to decrease nitrogen-containing waste.
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