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Journal ArticleDOI

Organic field effect transistors (OFETs) of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with improved hole mobility

01 Sep 2019-Synthetic Metals (Elsevier)-Vol. 255, pp 116108
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate organic field effect transistors (OFETs) of chemical vapor deposited poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) films with a self assembled monolayer (SAM) of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS).
About: This article is published in Synthetic Metals.The article was published on 2019-09-01. It has received 4 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Electron mobility & Octadecyltrichlorosilane.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, high response UV-blue photodiodes are fabricated with chemical vapor deposited poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) as donor and thermally evaporated C60 as acceptor.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the potential of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) to get involved in a number of practically important applications has been analyzed, including bioimaging, tissue engineering, sensors, energy storage devices and optoelectronic devices.
Abstract: Conducting polymers (CPs), by virtue of their important properties, like ready availability, easy processing, cost effectiveness, ease of functionalization and derivatization, and excellent electrical, optical, electrochemical and photochemical properties, have gained such enormous attention in the last few decades that they have found extensive employment in a wide variety of real-life applications, including bioimaging, tissue engineering, sensors, energy storage devices and optoelectronic devices. The most widely studied CPs are polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polyacetylene. On the other hand, the CP poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) has attracted relatively much lesser attention over the years, in spite of it possessing several extraordinary attributes, like tuneable optical properties, good reactivity and high electrical conductivity. These properties can be achieved by merely changing the side chains attached to the main polymer backbone. Research on development of PPV has been going on for nearly about three decades; and it has been able to find some important applications in certain crucial fields, as mentioned below. Keeping this in mind, this review aims at focusing entirely on PPV, with the objective of bringing out its several positive attributes. The objective of this review is to analyze the potential of PPV towards getting involved in a number of practically important applications. For this purpose, discussions have been made on the major routes to synthesize PPV and its exciting properties (viz. electroluminescence and photoluminescence). In terms of applications, its involvements in light-emitting diodes, solar cells, sensors, bioimaging, field-effect transistors, supercapacitors, and actuators have been presented.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors discuss the current trends related to one of the critical figures of merit of OTFTs, which is the mobility of charge carriers, and discuss how mixing, blending, and annealing affect the properties of the OSMs.
Abstract: The use of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) is growing rapidly as an alternative to their inorganic counterparts due to their advantageous properties, such as easy processing and flexibility. The performance of OTFTs is still undergoing improvement and taking this as a recognition, this paper reviews various factors that influence the performance of the OTFTs, primarily in terms of field-effect mobility. The influencing factors reviewed in this article are divided into intrinsic and extrinsic factors for different organic semiconducting materials (OSMs). The intrinsic factors include the OSMs’ molecular orientation, OSM/dielectric interaction, and OSM/electrode interaction. The extrinsic factors are basically related to the OSM processing and OTFTs fabrication. For example, the article discusses how mixing, blending, and annealing affect the properties of the OSMs. The effect of the ambient atmosphere on OTFTs’ performance is also discussed. The aim of this article is to discuss the current trends related to one of the critical figures of merit of OTFTs, which is the mobility of charge carriers.
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the fatigue behavior of flexible field effect transistors based on a diketopyrrolo-pyrrole-dithienylthieno[3,2]-thiophene polymer is reported.
Abstract: Mechanical durability is one of the main obstacles of flexible organic electronic devices. In this work, the fatigue behavior of flexible field‐effect transistors based on a diketopyrrolo‐pyrrole‐dithienylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophene polymer is reported. An especially for that purpose designed bending setup allows to perform precise multiple deformation cycles of the transistor channel area while monitoring the device behavior. The transistors show high operational stability upon 100 bending cycles at a radius of 500 µm. Bending at smaller radius of 100 µm leaves the functionality of the parylene dielectric intact but induces serious mechanical fractures in the semiconducting film. Despite macroscopic defects, the transistors still reveal good reliability including high charge carrier mobility, due to presence of sufficient pathways for the charge carrier transport and to a low gate leakage. It is also observed that thinner polymer films are more sensitive to the deformation‐induced defects leading to a larger decrease in device performance, especially during the initial bending cycles. In thicker DPP‐DTT films, the crack propagation less affects the semiconductor/dielectric interface, at which the main charge carrier transport take place, resulting in a more stable device operation. Therefore, the work provides fundamental understanding of the fatigue behavior of flexible transistors based on semiconducting polymers.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
05 Jun 2009-Science
TL;DR: It is shown that graphene grows in a self-limiting way on copper films as large-area sheets (one square centimeter) from methane through a chemical vapor deposition process, and graphene film transfer processes to arbitrary substrates showed electron mobilities as high as 4050 square centimeters per volt per second at room temperature.
Abstract: Graphene has been attracting great interest because of its distinctive band structure and physical properties. Today, graphene is limited to small sizes because it is produced mostly by exfoliating graphite. We grew large-area graphene films of the order of centimeters on copper substrates by chemical vapor deposition using methane. The films are predominantly single-layer graphene, with a small percentage (less than 5%) of the area having few layers, and are continuous across copper surface steps and grain boundaries. The low solubility of carbon in copper appears to help make this growth process self-limiting. We also developed graphene film transfer processes to arbitrary substrates, and dual-gated field-effect transistors fabricated on silicon/silicon dioxide substrates showed electron mobilities as high as 4050 square centimeters per volt per second at room temperature.

10,663 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
11 Oct 1990-Nature
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate that poly(p-phenylene vinylene), prepared by way of a solution-processable precursor, can be used as the active element in a large-area light-emitting diode.
Abstract: CONJUGATED polymers are organic semiconductors, the semiconducting behaviour being associated with the π molecular orbitals delocalized along the polymer chain. Their main advantage over non-polymeric organic semiconductors is the possibility of processing the polymer to form useful and robust structures. The response of the system to electronic excitation is nonlinear—the injection of an electron and a hole on the conjugated chain can lead to a self-localized excited state which can then decay radiatively, suggesting the possibility of using these materials in electroluminescent devices. We demonstrate here that poly(p-phenylene vinylene), prepared by way of a solution-processable precursor, can be used as the active element in a large-area light-emitting diode. The combination of good structural properties of this polymer, its ease of fabrication, and light emission in the green–yellow part of the spectrum with reasonably high efficiency, suggest that the polymer can be used for the development of large-area light-emitting displays.

10,463 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold are probably the most studied SAMs to date and offer the needed design flexibility, both at the individual molecular and at the material levels, and offer a vehicle for investigation of specific interactions at interfaces, and of the effect of increasing molecular complexity on the structure and stability of two-dimensional assemblies.
Abstract: The field of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has witnessed tremendous growth in synthetic sophistication and depth of characterization over the past 15 years.1 However, it is interesting to comment on the modest beginning and on important milestones. The field really began much earlier than is now recognized. In 1946 Zisman published the preparation of a monomolecular layer by adsorption (self-assembly) of a surfactant onto a clean metal surface.2 At that time, the potential of self-assembly was not recognized, and this publication initiated only a limited level of interest. Early work initiated in Kuhn’s laboratory at Gottingen, applying many years of experience in using chlorosilane derivative to hydrophobize glass, was followed by the more recent discovery, when Nuzzo and Allara showed that SAMs of alkanethiolates on gold can be prepared by adsorption of di-n-alkyl disulfides from dilute solutions.3 Getting away from the moisture-sensitive alkyl trichlorosilanes, as well as working with crystalline gold surfaces, were two important reasons for the success of these SAMs. Many self-assembly systems have since been investigated, but monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold are probably the most studied SAMs to date. The formation of monolayers by self-assembly of surfactant molecules at surfaces is one example of the general phenomena of self-assembly. In nature, self-assembly results in supermolecular hierarchical organizations of interlocking components that provides very complex systems.4 SAMs offer unique opportunities to increase fundamental understanding of self-organization, structure-property relationships, and interfacial phenomena. The ability to tailor both head and tail groups of the constituent molecules makes SAMs excellent systems for a more fundamental understanding of phenomena affected by competing intermolecular, molecular-substrates and molecule-solvent interactions like ordering and growth, wetting, adhesion, lubrication, and corrosion. That SAMs are well-defined and accessible makes them good model systems for studies of physical chemistry and statistical physics in two dimensions, and the crossover to three dimensions. SAMs provide the needed design flexibility, both at the individual molecular and at the material levels, and offer a vehicle for investigation of specific interactions at interfaces, and of the effect of increasing molecular complexity on the structure and stability of two-dimensional assemblies. These studies may eventually produce the design capabilities needed for assemblies of three-dimensional structures.5 However, this will require studies of more complex systems and the combination of what has been learned from SAMs with macromolecular science. The exponential growth in SAM research is a demonstration of the changes chemistry as a disciAbraham Ulman was born in Haifa, Israel, in 1946. He studied chemistry in the Bar-Ilan University in Ramat-Gan, Israel, and received his B.Sc. in 1969. He received his M.Sc. in phosphorus chemistry from Bar-Ilan University in 1971. After a brief period in industry, he moved to the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, Israel, and received his Ph.D. in 1978 for work on heterosubstituted porphyrins. He then spent two years at Northwestern University in Evanston, IL, where his main interest was onedimensional organic conductors. In 1985 he joined the Corporate Research Laboratories of Eastman Kodak Company, in Rochester, NY, where his research interests were molecular design of materials for nonlinear optics and self-assembled monolayers. In 1994 he moved to Polytechnic University where he is the Alstadt-Lord-Mark Professor of Chemistry. His interests encompass self-assembled monolayers, surface engineering, polymers at interface, and surfaces phenomena. 1533 Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 1533−1554

7,465 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the entire process leading to polymer solar cells is broken down into the individual steps and the available techniques and materials for each step are described with focus on the particular advantages and disadvantages associated with each case.

3,090 citations

BookDOI
22 May 2006
TL;DR: Subramanian et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a method for printing technology based on direct inkjet printing, which was used in the development of a photoresist-free patterning.
Abstract: I. MATERIALS High-performance Organic Semiconductor Materials - Ian McCulloch (Imperial College, London) Electroactive Polymer Thin Films - Dean DeLongchamp (NIST) Materials for Large-area Electronics - Alberto Salleo (Stanford University) Functional Pentacenes - John Anthony (University of Kentucky) Plastic Electronics - Antonio Facchetti (Northwestern University, Polyera) Electronic, Photonic and Magnetic Materials - Dan Frisbie (University of Minnesota) II. MANUFACTURING Printing Technology - Vivek Subramanian (University of California, Berkeley) Solution Processing - Ana Claudia Arias (Palo Alto Research Center) Direct Inkjet Printing - Takao Someya (University of Tokyo) Photoresist-free Patterning - Tom Jackson (Pennsylvania State University) III. APPLICATIONS Photonic Nanostructures - Jana Zaumseil (Argonne National Laboratory) Plastic Transistors - Henning Sirringhaus (Plastic Logic) Integrated Microsystems - Eugenio Cantatore (Eindhoven University of Technology) Active Matrix Displays - Kazumasa Nomoto (SONY)

794 citations