Journal ArticleDOI
Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers: sources, occurrence, toxicity and human exposure.
Gaoling Wei,Dingqiang Li,Zhuo Muning,Yi-Shan Liao,Xie Zhenyue,Tai-Long Guo,Jun-Jie Li,Zhang Siyi,Liang Zhiquan +8 more
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TLDR
The present study shows that the release of OPs from a wide variety of commercial products and wastewater discharge might be considered as primary emission sources and that high potential of long-range atmospheric transport and persistence of OP would be responsible for their presence in various matrices on a global scale.About:
This article is published in Environmental Pollution.The article was published on 2015-01-01. It has received 822 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Environmental exposure.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Firefighting—How Modern Phosphorus Chemistry Can Help Solve the Challenge of Flame Retardancy
TL;DR: Investigating how current phosphorus chemistry helps in reducing the flammability of polymers, and addressing the future of sustainable, efficient, and safe phosphorus‐based flame‐retardants from renewable sources are addressed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review of OPFRs in animals and humans: Absorption, bioaccumulation, metabolism, and internal exposure research
Rui Hou,Yiping Xu,Zijian Wang +2 more
TL;DR: The diverse absorption routes of OPFRs by animals and humans (e.g., inhalation, ingestion, dermal absorption and gill absorption) are reviewed and bioaccumulation and biomagnification potentials in different types of organisms and food webs are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding plastic degradation and microplastic formation in the environment: A review
Kai Zhang,Amir Hossein Hamidian,Aleksandra Tubić,Yu Zhang,James K. H. Fang,Chenxi Wu,Paul K.S. Lam +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the formation of plastic fragments, which are considered as microplastics when their size is larger than 1.5 µm and their exposure in the environment causes deterioration in mechanical and physicochemical properties.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polymer/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites: An overview of fire retardance
TL;DR: A review of the recent developments concerning the use of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) for designing polymer nanocomposites endowed with enhanced fire retardancy is presented in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human exposure, hazard and risk of alternative plasticizers to phthalate esters
Thuy Bui,Georgios Giovanoulis,Anna Palm Cousins,Jörgen Magnér,Ian T. Cousins,Cynthia A. de Wit +5 more
TL;DR: Key data gaps for more comprehensive risk assessment are identified and include: analytical methods to measure metabolites in biological fluids and tissues, toxicological information regarding non-standard endpoints such as endocrine disruption and a further refined exposure assessment in order to consider high risk groups such as infants, toddlers and children.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: a national reconnaissance.
Dana W. Kolpin,Edward T. Furlong,Michael T. Meyer,E. Michael Thurman,Steven D. Zaugg,Larry B. Barber,Herbert T. Buxton +6 more
TL;DR: The U.S. Geological Survey used five newly developed analytical methods to measure concentrations of 95 organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in water samples from a network of 139 streams across 30 states during 1999 and 2000 as mentioned in this paper.
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The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants.
Neil E. Klepeis,Neil E. Klepeis,William C. Nelson,Wayne R. Ott,John Robinson,Andy M Tsang,Paul Switzer,Joseph V. Behar,Stephen C. Hern,William H. Engelmann +9 more
TL;DR: The number of people exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in California seems to have decreased over the same time period, where exposure is determined by the reported time spent with a smoker.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phosphorus flame retardants: Properties, production, environmental occurrence, toxicity and analysis
Ike van der Veen,Jacob de Boer +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of PFRs as potential substitutes for brominated flame retardants (BFRs) has been discussed and a number of potential alternatives for BFRs have been proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in South Korean surface, drinking, and waste waters.
TL;DR: Conventional drinking water treatment methods were relatively inefficient for contaminant removal, while efficient removal was achieved by granular activated carbon (GAC).In wastewater treatment processes, membrane bioreactors showed limited target compound removal, but were effective at eliminating hormones and some pharmaceuticals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Persistence of pharmaceutical compounds and other organic wastewater contaminants in a conventional drinking-water-treatment plant
Paul E. Stackelberg,Edward T. Furlong,Michael T. Meyer,Steven D. Zaugg,Alden K. Henderson,Dori B. Reissman +5 more
TL;DR: This study provides the first documentation that many of the organic wastewater-related contaminants that represent a diverse group of extensively used chemicals can survive conventional water-treatment processes and occur in potable-water supplies.
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Phosphorus flame retardants: Properties, production, environmental occurrence, toxicity and analysis
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Review of OPFRs in animals and humans: Absorption, bioaccumulation, metabolism, and internal exposure research
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