Organosolv fractionating pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient enzymatic saccharification: chemistry, kinetics, and substrate structures
01 May 2017-Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd)-Vol. 11, Iss: 3, pp 567-590
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the research progress in recent years on acid and alkali-catalyzed Organosolv fractionating pre-treatment (OFP) processes has been discussed, in terms of the process modes, chemistry, pretreatment kinetics as well as substrate structures.
Abstract: Pre-treatment to increase cellulose enzymatic hydrolyzability is a prerequisite step for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass. The final objective of pre-treatment is to increase cellulose accessibility to cellulase enzymes, which can be done by either removing hemicelluloses or delignification or modifying lignin structure. Organosolv fractionating pre-treatment (OFP) achieves a fractionation of biomass in a one-pot process with greatly increased cellulose digestibility. In this review, the research progress in recent years on the acid and alkali-catalyzed OFP processes has been discussed, in terms of the process modes, chemistry, pre-treatment kinetics as well as substrate structures. It is concluded that OFP not only improves cellulose digestibility but also shows great promise as an entry to biomass biorefining for co-producing various chemicals and fuels; however, the economic feasibility of the OFP process has to be improved by reducing the energy consumption for solvent recovery and developing more products with higher added values. Finally, the challenge and perspective of OFP are further discussed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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TL;DR: Novel and efficient biomass fractionation and lignin fractionation towards lignIn valorization are summarized and discussed.
Abstract: Lignin, as the most abundant aromatic biopolymer in nature, has attracted great attention due to the complexity and richness of its functional groups for value-added applications. The yield of production of lignin and the reactivity of prepared lignin are very important to guarantee the study and development of lignin-based chemicals and materials. Various fractionation techniques have been developed to obtain high yield and relatively high-purity lignin as well as carbohydrates (hemicelluloses and celluloses) and to reduce the condensed and degraded nature of conventional biorefinery lignin. Herein, novel and efficient biomass fractionation and lignin fractionation towards lignin valorization are summarized and discussed.
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TL;DR: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a class of green, low vapor pressure, high thermal stability, low toxicity, and biodegradability as mentioned in this paper.
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TL;DR: In view of dominance of ethanol organosolv with high delignification yields and high-purity of the recovered cellulose-rich fractions, close R & D collaboration with 1st generation ethanol plants might boost commercialization.
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TL;DR: In this article, a combinatorial pretreatment with 1% H2SO4 for 30 min followed by 1% NaOH for 60 min at 120 °C was investigated in an effort to synergistically improve the carbohydrate output and lignin processability from corn stover.
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TL;DR: In this review, the research progress regarding different types of ethanol organosolv pretreatment processes has been summarized in terms of methods, substrate properties, reaction mechanisms, delignification kinetic as well as the impact of pretreatment methods on the enzymatic digestibility.
Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the potential feedstocks to produce second-generation cellulosic ethanol and biochemicals. To enhance the enzymatic digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient enzymatic saccharification, a variety of pretreatment methods have been studied. Among these, organosolv pretreatment using ethanol is a promising pretreatment method owing to its inherent advantages, such as low solvent cost, lack of toxicity, the ability to retain most cellulose fraction in substrates for enzymatic hydrolysis, coproduction of high-purity lignin and hemicellulosic sugars, easy solvent recovery, and reuse. In this review, the research progress regarding different types of ethanol organosolv pretreatment processes has been summarized in terms of methods, substrate properties, reaction mechanisms, delignification kinetic as well as the impact of pretreatment methods on the enzymatic digestibility. Attempts are also made to provide insights into the complete utilization of lignocellulosic biomass to achieve high potential revenues. Though some ethanol organosolv processes have been studied or are being developed towards commercialization, ethanol organosolv pretreatment is still facing some challenges. Finally, the direction for future work is given to develop a proper ethanol organosolv pretreatment for commercialization.
106 citations
Cites background from "Organosolv fractionating pre-treatm..."
...In the actual pretreatment process, the optimal ethanol concentration is usually in the range of 50–60 wt% (X. Zhao et al., 2017)....
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...Lignin usually undergoes depolymerization to form small molecular weight fragments with a narrow polydispersity (X. Zhao et al., 2017)....
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...Ethanol is the most frequently used alcohol solvent for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass due to its low price, good solubility of lignin, lack of toxicity, miscibility with water, and ease of recovery (S. Sun, Sun, Cao, & Sun, 2016; X. Zhao et al., 2017; Yáñez‐...
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of lignocellulosic biomass as an alternative platform to fossil resources has been analyzed and a critical review provides insights into the potential for LBS.
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TL;DR: A critical review of the literature on furfural, a promising, rich platform for lignocellulosic biofuels, presents new results and analysis in this area and highlights challenges and areas that need improvement.
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1,113 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the potential of lignocellulosic biomass as an alternative platform to fossil resources has been analyzed and a critical review provides insights into the potential for LBS.
Abstract: The demand for petroleum dependent chemicals and materials has been increasing despite the dwindling of their fossil resources. As the dead-end of petroleum based industry has started to appear, today's modern society has to implement alternative energy and valuable chemical resources immediately. Owing to the importance of lignocellulosic biomass being the most abundant and bio-renewable biomass on earth, this critical review provides insights into the potential of lignocellulosic biomass as an alternative platform to fossil resources. In this context, over 200 value-added compounds, which can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass by various treatment methods, are presented with their references. Lignocellulosic biomass based polymers and their commercial importance are also reported mainly in the frame of these compounds. This review article aims to draw the map of lignocellulosic biomass derived chemicals and their synthetic polymers, and to reveal the scope of this map in today's modern chemical and polymer industry.
1,089 citations
TL;DR: From the point of view for integrated utilization of lignocellulosic biomass, organosolv pretreatment provides a pathway for biorefining of biomass.
Abstract: Production of ethanol by bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass has attracted much interest in recent years. However, the pretreatment process for increasing the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose has become a key step in commercialized production of cellulosic ethanol. During the last decades, many pretreatment processes have been developed for decreasing the biomass recalcitrance, but only a few of them seem to be promising. From the point of view for integrated utilization of lignocellulosic biomass, organosolv pretreatment provides a pathway for biorefining of biomass. This review presents the progress of organosolv pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass in recent decades, especially on alcohol, organic acid, organic peracid and acetone pretreatments, and corresponding action mechanisms. Evaluation and prospect of organosolv pretreatment were performed. Finally, some recommendations for future investigation of this pretreatment method were given.
1,071 citations