Orthohantavirus spp. – review of genus
24 Mar 2021-Vol. 60, Iss: 1, pp 91-102
TL;DR: The infections caused by orthohantaviruses were already known in the Middle Ages as “English sweats” and there are two main diseases caused by these viruses – HPS (hantavirus pulmonary syndrome) and HFRS.
About: The article was published on 2021-03-24 and is currently open access. It has received None citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Genus.
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TL;DR: The purification of complexes participating in heterochromatin formation has allowed us to begin to analyse in detail the processes involved, and in the future this will help to understand how the RNAi machinery acts to induce the chromatin modifications which lead to heterochROMatin assembly in fission yeast.
Abstract: In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the RNAi pathway plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of heterochromatin Heterochromatin, or silent chromatin, is an epigenetically inherited attribute of eukaryotic chromosomes which is required for gene regulation, chromosome segregation and maintenance of genome stability In S pombe, heterochromatin forms on related repetitive DNA sequences at specific loci These repetitive sequences, in concert with the RNAi machinery, are thought to attract several proteins including chromatin-modifying enzymes which act to promote heterochromatin formation The purification of complexes participating in heterochromatin formation has allowed us to begin to analyse in detail the processes involved In the future this will help us to understand how the RNAi machinery acts to induce the chromatin modifications which lead to heterochromatin assembly in fission yeast
1,173 citations
TL;DR: Current concepts regarding the ecology of and disease associated with these serious human pathogens are presented and an integration of the ecology and evolution of these and other host-virus ecosystems through modeling and hypothesis-driven research with the risk of emergence, host switching/spillover, and disease transmission to humans.
Abstract: Summary: Hantaviruses are enzootic viruses that maintain persistent infections in their rodent hosts without apparent disease symptoms. The spillover of these viruses to humans can lead to one of two serious illnesses, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. In recent years, there has been an improved understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and natural history of these viruses following an increase in the number of outbreaks in the Americas. In this review, current concepts regarding the ecology of and disease associated with these serious human pathogens are presented. Priorities for future research suggest an integration of the ecology and evolution of these and other host-virus ecosystems through modeling and hypothesis-driven research with the risk of emergence, host switching/spillover, and disease transmission to humans.
833 citations
TL;DR: Hantaan and related viruses, the causative agents of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, are now recognized as belonging to the Bunyaviridae and cause a severe haem orrhagic disease with significant mortality throughout Asia, especially in China.
Abstract: Introduction. More than 300 viruses, mostly arthropod-transmitted, are classified into the family Bunyaviridae, making it one of the largest groupings of animal viruses (Karabatsos, 1985). Until relatively recently these viruses were somewhat the ‘Cinderellas’ of animal virology, but with the increased recognition of their role in human diseases together with the results generated by the application of molecular techniques, the Bunyaviridae have achieved greater respectability. Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and California encephalitis viruses are serious human pathogens that are classified in the family Bunyaviridae. In the tropics febrile illnesses are often diagnosed under the ‘great umbrella’ (Downs, 1975) of malaria and treated as such; in fact many cases are probably caused by members of the Bunyaviridae, although true diagnosis is rarely achieved (Shope, 1985). Hantaan and related viruses, the causative agents of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, are now recognized as belonging to the Bunyaviridae (Schmaljohn & Dalrymple, 1983) and cause a severe haemorrhagic disease with significant mortality throughout Asia, especially in China.
425 citations
TL;DR: The identification in 1993 of Sin Nombre virus (SN) as the causative agent of hantavirus-associated pulmonary syndrome (HPS) led to intensive search for further hantviruses and as a result today a total of as many as 16 well-established sero/genotypes may be listed.
Abstract: Introduction. The isolation by Ho Wang Lee and collaborators of the virus causing Korean haemorrhagic fever, now called Hantaan virus (HTN), from the lungs of striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius) in 1976 (Lee & Lee, 1976) launched a new era in the study of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) throughout the world. This was soon followed by the discovery of the causative agent of the European form of HFRS, nephropathia epidemica, now known as Puumala virus (PUU) (Brummer-Korvenkontio et al., 1980), and of the urban rat virus, Seoul virus (SEO) (Lee et al., 1980). The identification in 1993 of Sin Nombre virus (SN) as the causative agent of hantavirus-associated pulmonary syndrome (HPS) (Nichol et al., 1993a) led to intensive search for further hantaviruses and as a result today a total of as many as 16 well-established sero/genotypes may be listed.
403 citations
TL;DR: The basic molecular properties and cell biology of hantaviruses are discussed and an overview of virus-induced pathology, in particular vascular leakage and immunopathology is offered.
Abstract: Hantaviruses are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that infect many species of rodents, shrews, moles and bats. Infection in these reservoir hosts is almost asymptomatic, but some rodent-borne hantaviruses also infect humans, causing either haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). In this Review, we discuss the basic molecular properties and cell biology of hantaviruses and offer an overview of virus-induced pathology, in particular vascular leakage and immunopathology.
371 citations