OsSPL14 promotes panicle branching and higher grain productivity in rice. Nat Genet
01 Jan 2010-
TL;DR: Introduction of the high-yielding OsSPL14WFP allele into the standard rice variety Nipponbare resulted in increased rice production and the feasibility of using the OsSLP14W FP allele to increase rice crop yield is demonstrated.
Abstract: Identification of alleles that improve crop production and lead to higher-yielding varieties are needed for food security. Here we show that the quantitative trait locus WFP (WEALTHY FARMER'S PANICLE) encodes OsSPL14 (SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 14, also known as IPA1). Higher expression of OsSPL14 in the reproductive stage promotes panicle branching and higher grain yield in rice. OsSPL14 controls shoot branching in the vegetative stage and is affected by microRNA excision. We also demonstrate the feasibility of using the OsSLP14WFP allele to increase rice crop yield. Introduction of the high-yielding OsSPL14WFP allele into the standard rice variety Nipponbare resulted in increased rice production.
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TL;DR: In-depth analyses of the domestication sweeps and genome-wide patterns reveal that Oryza sativa japonica rice was first domesticated from a specific population of O. rufipogon around the middle area of the Pearl River in southern China, and was subsequently developed from crosses between japonicas rice and local wild rice as the initial cultivars spread into South East and South Asia.
Abstract: Crop domestications are long-term selection experiments that have greatly advanced human civilization. The domestication of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) ranks as one of the most important developments in history. However, its origins and domestication processes are controversial and have long been debated. Here we generate genome sequences from 446 geographically diverse accessions of the wild rice species Oryza rufipogon, the immediate ancestral progenitor of cultivated rice, and from 1,083 cultivated indica and japonica varieties to construct a comprehensive map of rice genome variation. In the search for signatures of selection, we identify 55 selective sweeps that have occurred during domestication. In-depth analyses of the domestication sweeps and genome-wide patterns reveal that Oryza sativa japonica rice was first domesticated from a specific population of O. rufipogon around the middle area of the Pearl River in southern China, and that Oryza sativa indica rice was subsequently developed from crosses between japonica rice and local wild rice as the initial cultivars spread into South East and South Asia. The domestication-associated traits are analysed through high-resolution genetic mapping. This study provides an important resource for rice breeding and an effective genomics approach for crop domestication research.
1,273 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that a quantitative trait locus GW8 is synonymous with OsSPL16, which encodes a protein that is a positive regulator of cell proliferation that promotes cell division and grain filling, with positive consequences for grain width and yield in rice.
Abstract: Grain size and shape are important components of grain yield and quality and have been under selection since cereals were first domesticated. Here, we show that a quantitative trait locus GW8 is synonymous with OsSPL16, which encodes a protein that is a positive regulator of cell proliferation. Higher expression of this gene promotes cell division and grain filling, with positive consequences for grain width and yield in rice. Conversely, a loss-of-function mutation in Basmati rice is associated with the formation of a more slender grain and better quality of appearance. The correlation between grain size and allelic variation at the GW8 locus suggests that mutations within the promoter region were likely selected in rice breeding programs. We also show that a marker-assisted strategy targeted at elite alleles of GS3 and OsSPL16 underlying grain size and shape can be effectively used to simultaneously improve grain quality and yield.
878 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that the quantitative trait locus GS5 in rice controls grain size by regulating grain width, filling and weight and functions as a positive regulator of grain size, such that higher expression of GS5 is correlated with larger grain size.
Abstract: Increasing crop yield is one of the most important goals of plant science research. Grain size is a major determinant of grain yield in cereals and is a target trait for both domestication and artificial breeding(1). We showed that the quantitative trait locus (QTL) GS5 in rice controls grain size by regulating grain width, filling and weight. GS5 encodes a putative serine carboxypeptidase and functions as a positive regulator of grain size, such that higher expression of GS5 is correlated with larger grain size. Sequencing of the promoter region in 51 rice accessions from a wide geographic range identified three haplotypes that seem to be associated with grain width. The results suggest that natural variation in GS5 contributes to grain size diversity in rice and may be useful in improving yield in rice and, potentially, other crops(2).
744 citations
TL;DR: Recent advances in the field of plant phase transitions are reviewed, highlighting the role of two microRNAs – miR156 and miR172 – and their respective targets during these transitions and the evolutionary conservation of the functions of these miRNAs in regulating the control of plant developmental phase transitions.
Abstract: Plant development progresses through distinct phases: vegetative growth, followed by a reproductive phase and eventually seed set and senescence. The transitions between these phases are controlled by distinct genetic circuits that integrate endogenous and environmental cues. In recent years, however, it has become evident that the genetic networks that underlie these phase transitions share some common factors. Here, we review recent advances in the field of plant phase transitions, highlighting the role of two microRNAs - miR156 and miR172 - and their respective targets during these transitions. In addition, we discuss the evolutionary conservation of the functions of these miRNAs in regulating the control of plant developmental phase transitions.
555 citations
TL;DR: The genetic and molecular characterization of GS3, a major quantitative trait locus for grain size, is reported, linking the functional domains of the GS3 protein to natural variation of grain size in rice.
Abstract: Grain yield in many cereal crops is largely determined by grain size Here we report the genetic and molecular characterization of GS3, a major quantitative trait locus for grain size It functions as a negative regulator of grain size and organ size The wild-type isoform is composed of four putative domains: a plant-specific organ size regulation (OSR) domain in the N terminus, a transmembrane domain, a tumor necrosis factor receptor/nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR/NGFR) family cysteine-rich domain, and a von Willebrand factor type C (VWFC) in the C terminus These domains function differentially in grain size regulation The OSR domain is both necessary and sufficient for functioning as a negative regulator The wild-type allele corresponds to medium grain Loss of function of OSR results in long grain The C-terminal TNFR/NGFR and VWFC domains show an inhibitory effect on the OSR function; loss-of-function mutations of these domains produced very short grain This study linked the functional domains of the GS3 protein to natural variation of grain size in rice
536 citations
References
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TL;DR: A computer package, called MAPMAKER, designed specifically for the construction of linkage maps in a number of organisms, including the human and several plants, and it is outlined the mapping strategies that have been used.
6,745 citations
"OsSPL14 promotes panicle branching ..." refers methods in this paper
...QTL analysis was performed with 192 F 2 plants as previously reporte...
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TL;DR: It is shown that a QTL that increases grain productivity in rice, Gn1a, is a gene for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKX2), an enzyme that degrades the phytohormone cytokinIn.
Abstract: Most agriculturally important traits are regulated by genes known as quantitative trait loci (QTLs) derived from natural allelic variations. We here show that a QTL that increases grain productivity in rice, Gn1a, is a gene for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKX2), an enzyme that degrades the phytohormone cytokinin. Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield. QTL pyramiding to combine loci for grain number and plant height in the same genetic background generated lines exhibiting both beneficial traits. These results provide a strategy for tailormade crop improvement.
1,553 citations
"OsSPL14 promotes panicle branching ..." refers background in this paper
...Several genes have been shown to influence these rice traits: GN1A and APO1 regulate grain numbe...
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TL;DR: It is reported that an extensively modified GFP is a versatile and sensitive reporter in a variety of living plant cells and in transgenic plants, and the codon usage effect might be universal, allowing the design of recombinant proteins with high expression efficiency in evolutionarily distant species such as humans and maize.
1,426 citations
"OsSPL14 promotes panicle branching ..." refers methods in this paper
...The clones of WFP cDNA were amplified using XbaI site–linked primers and then ligated into the XbaI site of a vector containing the CaMV35S-GFP-NOS cassett...
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TL;DR: The construction of new helper Ti plasmids for Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation using T-DNA regions deleted using site-directed mutagenesis to yield replicons carrying thevir genes that will complement binary vectorsin trans.
Abstract: We describe the construction of new helper Ti plasmids forAgrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. These plasmids are derived from three differentAgrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmids, the octopine plasmid pTiB6, the nopaline plasmid pTiC58, and the L,L-succinamopine plasmid pTiBo542. The T-DNA regions of these plasmids were deleted using site-directed mutagenesis to yield replicons carrying thevir genes that will complement binary vectorsin trans. Data are included that demonstrate strain utility. The advantages ofAgrobacterium strains harbouring these ‘disamed’ Ti plasmids for plant transformation viaAgrobacterium are discussed.
1,360 citations
TL;DR: The transition from the juvenile to the adult phase of shoot development in plants is accompanied by changes in vegetative morphology and an increase in reproductive potential, and the regulatory mechanism is described, which is mediated by sequentially operating miRNAs.
1,344 citations