Outdoor recreation – A necessity or a luxury? : Estimation of Engel curves for Sweden
TL;DR: Income constitutes one important constraint for the degree of participation in outdoor recreation as discussed by the authors, and the effect of this constraint can be measured by the income elasticity of outdoor recreation deman...
Abstract: Income constitutes one important constraint for the degree of participation in outdoor recreation. The effect of this constraint can be measured by the income elasticity of outdoor recreation deman ...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a three-step analysis of the apartment market in Lodz (Poland), based on the hedonic pricing method, to check how the marginal WTP for proximity to parks/forests differs among apartment price sub-segments.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored preferences and willingness to pay for outdoor recreation close to home (≤100 km away from home and ≤24 hours stay at a recreation site) using the contingent valuation method.
Abstract: In Sweden there is a strong tradition of using nature areas for outdoor recreation. This paper reports on a study which explored preferences and willingness to pay for outdoor recreation close to home (≤100 km away from home and ≤24 hours stay at a recreation site) using the contingent valuation method. The data originated from a mail survey that involved Swedish residents who were randomly selected from a national register. An ordinary least squares regression model was used to account for factors influencing willingness to pay. The results showed that approximately 50% of the respondents used nature areas close to their home for recreation and their average frequency of visits to these areas was 74 times annually. Areas dominated by forests were the most preferred, followed by water. The respondents were willing to pay approximately 7200 SEK (US$1080) annually. Their willingness to pay was influenced by factors such as type of nature area, distance to and time spent at the recreation site and income. Th...
40 citations
Cites background from "Outdoor recreation – A necessity or..."
...Although some studies have found that close to home outdoor recreation is a necessity good (e.g. Boman et al. 2013), if the length of travel time to a nature area becomes increasingly longer, outdoor recreation might be a luxury good....
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02 Jan 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors systematize, present and analyze the results obtained from a survey of tourist expenditure and the factors which determine tourist expenditure, and present a systematization and analysis of the results.
Abstract: There is abundant scientific literature on tourist expenditure and the factors which determine spending. The purpose of this paper is to systematize, present and analyze the results obtained from a...
34 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, a regular demand system is derived from microeconomic duality theory to implement leisure specific demand factors (i.e., demand and supply-based sport and recreational opportunities as well as sports and recreational preferences) while still being consistent with neoclassical demand theory, the basic model is extended by applying the demographic translation framework.
Abstract: Although some research has already focused on the analysis of expenditure elasticities of leisure demand, some shortcomings with regard to the content and the underlying theoretical model as well as the applied methods exist. This paper aims at avoiding these problems to provide consistent derivatives of leisure service expenditure elasticities. Therefore, a regular demand system is derived from microeconomic duality theory. To implement leisure specific demand factors (i.e., demand- and supply-based sports and recreational opportunities as well as sports and recreational preferences) while still being consistent with neoclassical demand theory, the basic model is extended by applying the demographic translation framework. Data of the continuous household budget survey (n=7,724) from Germany is used for the estimation of the derived demand system. It is shown how sensitive the results are depending on the applied (censored) regression model: 16 out of 18 analyzed services are indicated as luxury goods based on the findings of the Tobit model type I but as necessities based on the findings of the Tobit model type II. Possible implications are presented and discussed.
28 citations
References
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Book•
01 Mar 1989
TL;DR: Mitchell and Carson as discussed by the authors argue that at this time the contingent valuation (CV) method offers the most promising approach for determining public willingness to pay for many public goods, an approach likely to succeed, if used carefully, where other methods may fail.
Abstract: Economists and others have long believed that by balancing the costs of such public goods as air quality and wilderness areas against their benefits, informed policy choices can be made. But the problem of putting a dollar value on cleaner air or water and other goods not sold in the marketplace has been a major stumbling block. Mitchell and Carson, for reasons presented in this book, argue that at this time the contingent valuation (CV) method offers the most promising approach for determining public willingness to pay for many public goods---an approach likely to succeed, if used carefully, where other methods may fail. The result of ten years of research by the authors aimed at assessing how surveys might best be used to value public goods validly and reliably, this book makes a major contribution to what constitutes best practice in CV surveys.
Mitchell and Carson begin by introducing the contingent valuation method, describing how it works and the nature of the benefits it can be used to measure, comparing it to other methods for measuring benefits, and examining the data-gathering technique on which it is based---survey research. Placing contingent valuation in the larger context of welfare theory, the authors examine how the CV method impels a deeper understanding of willingness-to-pay versus willingness-to-accept compensation measures, the possibility of existence values for public goods, the role of uncertainty in benefit valuation, and the question of whether a consumer goods market or a political goods market (referenda) should be emulated. In developing a CV methodology, the authors deal with issues of broader significance to survey research. Their model of respondent error is relevant to current efforts to frame a theory of response behavior and bias typology will interest those considering the cognitive aspects of answering survey questions.
Mitchell and Carson conclude that the contingent valuation method can obtain valid valuation information on public goods, but only if the method is applied in a way that addresses the potential sources of error and bias. They end their book by providing guidelines for CV practitioners, a list of questions that should be asked by any decision maker who wishes to use the findings of a CV study, and suggestions for new applications of contingent valuation. Additional features include a comprehensive bibliography of the CV literature and an appendix summarizing more than 100 CV studies.
5,546 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: The Varian approach as mentioned in this paper gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation, and is still the most modern presentation of the subject.
Abstract: This best-selling text is still the most modern presentation of the subject. The Varian approach gives students tools they can use on exams, in the rest of their classes, and in their careers after graduation.
2,047 citations
"Outdoor recreation – A necessity or..." refers methods or result in this paper
...In microeconomics, Engel curves are used to describe how the demanded quantity for a particular good or service changes as the income level of the consumer changes (Varian, 1993)....
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...The willingness to substitute is considered to be inversely related to the perceived costs (in terms of money, time and efforts), which is also supported by economic theory (Varian, 1993)....
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TL;DR: A review of several hundred empirical and theoretical papers and chapters reveals that despite mobility and globalization processes, place continues to be an object of strong attachments as discussed by the authors, and the main message of the three components of the tripartite model of place attachment (Scannell & Gifford, 2010a ), the Person component has attracted disproportionately more attention than the Place and Process components.
1,676 citations
"Outdoor recreation – A necessity or..." refers background in this paper
...place attachment theory (Lewicka, 2011; Stedman & Heberlein, 2001)....
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01 Jul 1981
976 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: Studies in Outdoor Recreation as discussed by the authors provides a broad, interdisciplinary view of the field of outdoor recreation and its management implications, as well as a review of the social science literature on outdoor recreation.
Abstract: For twenty-five years, "Studies in Outdoor Recreation" has been a standard text in courses on parks and outdoor recreation and serves as an invaluable reference for park and recreation managers. The first book to integrate the social science literature on outdoor recreation, it reviews studies from this broad, interdisciplinary field and synthesizes them into a body of knowledge, providing an historical perspective on outdoor recreation research and developing its practical management implications. This third edition is completely revised to reflect current research and new concerns in the field. A new chapter examines the emerging issue of sense of place and its relationship to outdoor recreation. The book concludes with twenty principles to guide outdoor recreation management and research. An extensive bibliography and A Guide to the Social Science Literature in Outdoor Recreation lead readers to valuable primary source material. An essential resource for students, scholars, and professionals, "Studies in Outdoor Recreation" explores the theoretical and methodological issues in outdoor recreation and describes the management implications of outdoor recreation research.
955 citations