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Journal ArticleDOI

Overview of Dual-Active-Bridge Isolated Bidirectional DC–DC Converter for High-Frequency-Link Power-Conversion System

01 Aug 2014-IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics (IEEE)-Vol. 29, Iss: 8, pp 4091-4106
TL;DR: In this paper, the dual-active-bridge (DAB) isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter (IBDC) serves as the core circuit of high frequency-link (HFL) power conversion systems.
Abstract: High-frequency-link (HFL) power conversion systems (PCSs) are attracting more and more attentions in academia and industry for high power density, reduced weight, and low noise without compromising efficiency, cost, and reliability. In HFL PCSs, dual-active-bridge (DAB) isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter (IBDC) serves as the core circuit. This paper gives an overview of DAB-IBDC for HFL PCSs. First, the research necessity and development history are introduced. Second, the research subjects about basic characterization, control strategy, soft-switching solution and variant, as well as hardware design and optimization are reviewed and analyzed. On this basis, several typical application schemes of DAB-IBDC for HPL PCSs are presented in a worldwide scope. Finally, design recommendations and future trends are presented. As the core circuit of HFL PCSs, DAB-IBDC has wide prospects. The large-scale practical application of DAB-IBDC for HFL PCSs is expected with the recent advances in solid-state semiconductors, magnetic and capacitive materials, and microelectronic technologies.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors comprehensively review and classify various step-up dc-dc converters based on their characteristics and voltage-boosting techniques, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these voltage boosting techniques and associated converters.
Abstract: DC–DC converters with voltage boost capability are widely used in a large number of power conversion applications, from fraction-of-volt to tens of thousands of volts at power levels from milliwatts to megawatts. The literature has reported on various voltage-boosting techniques, in which fundamental energy storing elements (inductors and capacitors) and/or transformers in conjunction with switch(es) and diode(s) are utilized in the circuit. These techniques include switched capacitor (charge pump), voltage multiplier, switched inductor/voltage lift, magnetic coupling, and multistage/-level, and each has its own merits and demerits depending on application, in terms of cost, complexity, power density, reliability, and efficiency. To meet the growing demand for such applications, new power converter topologies that use the above voltage-boosting techniques, as well as some active and passive components, are continuously being proposed. The permutations and combinations of the various voltage-boosting techniques with additional components in a circuit allow for numerous new topologies and configurations, which are often confusing and difficult to follow. Therefore, to present a clear picture on the general law and framework of the development of next-generation step-up dc–dc converters, this paper aims to comprehensively review and classify various step-up dc–dc converters based on their characteristics and voltage-boosting techniques. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of these voltage-boosting techniques and associated converters are discussed in detail. Finally, broad applications of dc–dc converters are presented and summarized with comparative study of different voltage-boosting techniques.

1,230 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2017
TL;DR: In this article, full-bridge CLLC, dual active bridge (DAB), and half-bridge DAB dc-dc converters are evaluated and compared for their suitability for EV chargers.
Abstract: Isolated dc–dc converters with galvanic isolation are commonly used in electric vehicle (EV) battery chargers. These converters interface between a dc voltage link, which is usually the output of a power factor correction stage, and an energy storage unit. CLLC and dual active bridge (DAB) dc–dc converters can achieve high power density, high-energy efficiency, wide gain range, galvanic isolation, and bidirectional power flow, and therefore, have potential applications as dc–dc converters for bidirectional EV charging systems. In this paper, full-bridge CLLC, half-bridge CLLC, full-bridge DAB, and half-bridge DAB dc–dc converters are evaluated and compared for their suitability for EV chargers. All the converters are designed with optimal soft-switching features. The operating principles, design methodologies, and design considerations are presented. Prototypes of the converters with power rating of 1 kW are designed and developed. The prototypes interface a 500 V dc link and a 200–420 V load, which is common for EV applications. The performances of the circuits are analyzed and a comprehensive comparison is conducted.

320 citations


Cites methods from "Overview of Dual-Active-Bridge Isol..."

  • ...For FBDAB circuits, various control strategies, such as single-phase shift (SPS), extended-phase shift, dual-phase shift, and triple-phase shift controls can be applied through manipulating the ON/OFF status of the switches on both the primary and secondary sides of the converters [25]–[27]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The experimental results validate that the current-stress optimization and efficiency improvement are realized by applying the optimized modulation scheme and verify the effectiveness of the closed-loop control strategy for DAB with TPS control.
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the current-stress optimization and soft-switching operation of the isolated bidirectional dual active bridge (DAB) dc–dc converter with the unified triple-phase-shift (UTPS) control. On this basis, the current-stress-optimized modulation scheme is proposed for DAB, which leads to the minimum current stress with the required transmission power and voltage conversion ratio in the whole load range. Moreover, the full soft-switching operation is achieved for the converter simultaneously. Distinct from the previous modulation schemes, the proposed optimized modulation scheme is deduced from a unified analysis of TPS where all effective switching modes are investigated. A novel algorithm based on the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions is originally proposed to derive closed-form solutions for the global optimal control parameters. This paper also presents a typical closed-loop control strategy for DAB with TPS control and detailed descriptions about the closed-loop operation. A laboratory prototype is applied, and the experimental results validate that the current-stress optimization and efficiency improvement are realized by applying the optimized modulation scheme. The experimental results also verify the effectiveness of the closed-loop control strategy for DAB with TPS control.

280 citations


Cites background from "Overview of Dual-Active-Bridge Isol..."

  • ...to derive optimal control parameters, there is also no unified implement standard for TPS control at present [13]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a simple CSO scheme with a unified phase-shift (UPS) control was proposed for DAB dc-dc converters to realize current stress optimization, which can overcome those drawbacks of traditional CSO schemes, gain the minimum current stress, and improve efficiency.
Abstract: To reduce current stress and improve efficiency of dual active bridge (DAB) dc–dc converters, various control schemes have been proposed in recent decades. Most control schemes for directly minimizing power losses from power loss modeling analysis and optimization aspect of the adopted converter are too difficult and complicated to implement in real-time digital microcontrollers. Thus, this paper focuses on a simple solution to reduce current stress and improve the efficiency of the adopted DAB converter. However, traditional current-stress-optimized (CSO) schemes have some drawbacks, such as inductance dependency and an additional load-current sensor. In this paper, a simple CSO scheme with a unified phase-shift (UPS) control, which can be equivalent to the existing conventional phase-shift controls, is proposed for DAB dc–dc converters to realize current stress optimization. The simple CSO scheme can overcome those drawbacks of traditional CSO schemes, gain the minimum current stress, and improve efficiency. Then, a comparison of single-phase-shift (SPS) control, simple CSO scheme with dual-phase-shift (CSO-DPS) control, simple CSO scheme with extended-phase-shift (CSO-EPS) control, and simple CSO scheme with UPS (CSO-UPS) control is analyzed in detail. Finally, experimental results verify the excellent performance of the proposed CSO-UPS control scheme and the correctness of theoretical analysis.

250 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a global optimal condition (GOC) equation to derive the closed form of analytic expressions of an optimal modulation scheme that makes the DAB converter operate with minimized root-mean-square (rms) current during whole power range with different operating modes.
Abstract: The triple phase shift (TPS) modulation scheme, which provides three control freedoms, is of great importance for the optimized operation of a dual active bridge (DAB) isolated bidirectional dc/dc converter. First of all, this paper introduces an accurate, universal model to describe the analytic expressions of the DAB converter under TPS control. Based on this, six operating modes of the DAB converter are further discussed. Afterwards, the concept of global optimal condition (GOC) equations is proposed to derive the closed form of analytic expressions of an optimal modulation scheme that makes the DAB converter operate with minimized root-mean-square (rms) current during whole power range with different operating modes. According to the GOC equations, the physical explanation of the proposed modulation scheme is further given in details, and the complex interaction among the control variables, the transferred power, and rms current is revealed. The real-time optimization process of the proposed method is also specified. Finally, the proposed methods are applied to a laboratory prototype. The experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis and practical feasibility of the proposed strategies.

246 citations

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper covers the high-power voltage-source inverter and the most used multilevel-inverter topologies, including the neutral-point-clamped, cascaded H-bridge, and flying-capacitor converters.
Abstract: This paper presents a technology review of voltage-source-converter topologies for industrial medium-voltage drives. In this highly active area, different converter topologies and circuits have found their application in the market. This paper covers the high-power voltage-source inverter and the most used multilevel-inverter topologies, including the neutral-point-clamped, cascaded H-bridge, and flying-capacitor converters. This paper presents the operating principle of each topology and a review of the most relevant modulation methods, focused mainly on those used by industry. In addition, the latest advances and future trends of the technology are discussed. It is concluded that the topology and modulation-method selection are closely related to each particular application, leaving a space on the market for all the different solutions, depending on their unique features and limitations like power or voltage level, dynamic performance, reliability, costs, and other technical specifications.

2,254 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
02 Oct 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, three DC/DC converter topologies suitable for high power-density high power applications are presented, which operate in a soft-switched manner, making possible a reduction in device switching losses and an increase in switching frequency.
Abstract: Three DC/DC converter topologies suitable for high-power-density high-power applications are presented. All three circuits operate in a soft-switched manner, making possible a reduction in device switching losses and an increase in switching frequency. The three-phase dual-bridge converter proposed is shown to have the most favorable characteristics. This converter consists of two three-phase inverter stages operating in a high-frequency six-step mode. In contrast to existing single-phase AC-link DC/DC converters, lower turn-off peak currents in the power devices and lower RMS current ratings for both the input and output filter capacitors are obtained. This is in addition to smaller filter element values due to the higher-frequency content of the input and output waveforms. Furthermore, the use of a three-phase symmetrical transformer instead of single-phase transformers and a better utilization of the available apparent power of the transformer (as a consequence of the controlled output inverter) significantly increase the power density attainable. >

2,056 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
07 Oct 1990
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of a high-power, high-density DC-to-DC converter based on the single-phase dual active bridge (DAB) topology is described.
Abstract: The performance of a high-power, high-power-density DC-to-DC converter based on the single-phase dual active bridge (DAB) topology is described. The dual active bridge converter has been shown to have very attractive features in terms of low device and component stresses, small filter components, low switching losses, high power density and high efficiency, bidirectional power flow, buck-boost operation, and low sensitivity to system parasitics. For high output voltages, on the order of kilovolts, a cascaded output structure is considered. The effects of snubber capacitance and magnetizing inductance on the soft switching region of control are discussed. Various control schemes are outlined. Coaxial transformer design techniques have been utilized to carefully control leakage inductance. The layout and experimental performance of a prototype 50 kW 50 kHz unit operating with an input voltage of 200 V DC and an output voltage of 1600 V DC are presented. >

1,311 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: The architecture described in this paper is a roadmap for a future automated and flexible electric power distribution system that is suitable for plug-and-play of distributed renewable energy and distributed energy storage devices.
Abstract: This paper presents an architecture for a future electric power distribution system that is suitable for plug-and-play of distributed renewable energy and distributed energy storage devices. Motivated by the success of the (information) Internet, the architecture described in this paper was proposed by the NSF FREEDM Systems Center, Raleigh, NC, as a roadmap for a future automated and flexible electric power distribution system. In the envisioned “Energy Internet,” a system that enables flexible energy sharing is proposed for consumers in a residential distribution system. The key technologies required to achieve such a vision are presented in this paper as a result of the research partnership of the FREEDM Systems Center.

1,237 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-phase-shift (DPS) control strategy for a dual active-bridge isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter is proposed, which consists of a phase shift between the primary and secondary voltages of the isolation transformer, and a phase shifting between the gate signals of the diagonal switches of each H-bridge.
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel dual-phase-shift (DPS) control strategy for a dual-active-bridge isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter. The proposed DPS control consists of a phase shift between the primary and secondary voltages of the isolation transformer, and a phase shift between the gate signals of the diagonal switches of each H-bridge. Simulation on a 600-V/5-kW prototype shows that the DPS control has excellent dynamic and static performance compared to the traditional phase-shift control (single phase shift). In this paper, the concept of ldquoreactive powerrdquo is defined, and the corresponding equations are derived for isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters. It is shown that the reactive power in traditional phase-shift control is inherent, and is the main factor contributing to large peak current and large system loss. The DPS control can eliminate reactive power in isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters. In addition, the DPS control can decrease the peak inrush current and steady-state current, improve system efficiency, increase system power capability (by 33%), and minimize the output capacitance as compared to the traditional phase-shift control. The soft-switching range and the influence of short-time-scale factors, such as deadband and system-level safe operation area, are also discussed in detail. Under certain operation conditions, deadband compensation can be implemented easily in the DPS control without a current sensor.

912 citations


"Overview of Dual-Active-Bridge Isol..." refers background in this paper

  • ...extended-phase-shift (EPS) and dual-phase-shift (DPS) controls were discussed in [44]–[46]....

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  • ...mission power capacity, which corrects the conclusion obtained in [46] that the maximum output power is 4/3 times that of the SPS control....

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  • ...for the DPS control were discussed in [45], [46], [53], [62]–[64]....

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