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Journal ArticleDOI

Overview of hydrogen production technologies from biogas and the applications in fuel cells

TL;DR: A literature review of the biogas reforming technologies, emphasizing the types of fuel cells available, the advantages offered by each route and the main problems faced, is presented in this paper.
About: This article is published in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.The article was published on 2013-05-01. It has received 339 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biogas & Renewable energy.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the potential of dark fermentation of organic biomasses and its potential in green energy-efficient green chemistry applications is presented, with a brief review on the simulation and modeling of the dark fermentation processes and their energy balance.

711 citations


Cites background from "Overview of hydrogen production tec..."

  • ...143 GJ per ton [2] among known gaseous biofuels or to produce electricity via fuel cell technologies [4]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a short overview on catalysts utilization as well as on the fundamentals of membrane reactors is given, and a summary of the relevant advancements in this field is also presented, along with the recent progress on the methane steam reforming reaction, which is the most common industrial process used for almost 50% of the world's hydrogen production.
Abstract: Methane steam reforming is the most common industrial process used for almost the 50% of the world’s hydrogen production. Commonly, this reaction is performed in fixed bed reactors and several stages are needed for separating hydrogen with the desired purity. The membrane reactors represent a valid alternative to the fixed bed reactors, by combining the reforming reaction for producing hydrogen and its separation in only one stage. This article deals with the recent progress on methane steam reforming reaction, giving a short overview on catalysts utilization as well as on the fundamentals of membrane reactors, also summarizing the relevant advancements in this field.

246 citations


Cites background from "Overview of hydrogen production tec..."

  • ...However, biogas is mainly composed of methane and carbon dioxide, in addition to traces of H2S, NH3, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and steam (68)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of research on fuel reforming in internal combustion engines can be found in this article, where a discussion on the considerations to be made prior to choosing a primary fuel for reforming purposes, and the main processes in fuel reforming are discussed.

203 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the literature regarding emissions from natural gas with a focus on power generation is conducted and discussed in the context of GHG and AQ impacts as discussed by the authors, and a pathway forward is proposed for natural gas generation and infrastructure to maximize environmental benefits and support renewable resources in the attainment of emission reductions.

173 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A literature review on the reforming technologies applied to glycerol, the advantages of each route, and the main problems involved is presented in this article, where the authors present a literature review of catalytic reforming for glycerols.
Abstract: Hydrogen is used by the chemical industry in numerous processes, and today almost 95% is produced from raw materials based on fossil fuels, such as methane (CH4). However, catalytic reforming technologies face a number of technical and scientific challenges involving the quality of raw materials, conversion efficiency, and safety issues in the integration of systems of H2 production, purification and use, among others. Glycerol is a versatile raw material for H2 production because it is the main by-product of biodiesel production, which a few years ago was consolidated in the world energy matrix and whose production continues to grow in the main consumer markets. Moreover, it has the noteworthy characteristic of decentralized production, which is directly reflected in its easy use. This paper presents a literature review on the reforming technologies applied to glycerol, the advantages of each route, and the main problems involved.

171 citations


Cites background from "Overview of hydrogen production tec..."

  • ...coke, be sintering-resistant [17,32,33], and not facilitate undesir-...

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References
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Book
01 Mar 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of fuel cell technologies and applications, focusing on hydrogen storage, hydrogen generation, and other energy conversion related topics, as well as their applications.
Abstract: VOLUME 1: FUNDAMENTALS AND SURVEY OF SYSTEMS. Contributors to Volume 1. Foreword. Preface. Abbreviations and Acronyms. Part 1: Thermodynamics and kinetics of fuel cell reactions. Part 2: Mass transfer in fuel cells. Part 3: Heat transfer in fuel cells. Part 4: Fuel cell principles, systems and applications. Contents for Volumes 2, 3 and 4. Subject Index. VOLUME 2: ELECTROCATALYSIS. Contributors to Volume 2. Foreword. Preface. Abbreviations and Acronyms. Part 1: Introduction. Part 2: Theory of electrocatalysis. Part 3: Methods in electrocatalysis. Part 4: The hydrogen oxidation/evolution reaction. Part 5: The oxygen reduction/evolution reaction. Part 6: Oxidation of small organic molecules. Part 7: Other energy conversion related topics. Contents for Volumes 1, 3 and 4. Subject Index. VOLUME 3: FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS: PART 1. Contributors to Volumes 3 and 4. Foreword. Preface. Abbreviations and Acronyms. Part 1: Sustainable energy supply. Part 2: Hydrogen storage and hydrogen generation. Development prospects for hydrogen storage. Chemical hydrogen storage devices. Reforming of methanol and fuel processor development. Fuel processing from hydrocarbons to hydrogen. Well-to-wheel efficiencies. Hydrogen safety, codes and standards. Part 3: Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems (PEMFC). Bipolar plate materials and flow field design. Membrane materials. Electro-catalysts. Membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA). State-of-the-art performance and durability. VOLUME 4: FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS, PART 2. Contributors to Volume 3 and 4. Foreword. Preface. Abbreviations and Acronyms. Part 3: Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and systems (PEMFC) (Continued from previous volume). System design and system-specific aspects. Air-supply components. Applications based on PEM-technology. Part 4: Alkaline fuel cells and systems (AFC). Part 5: Phosphoric acid fuel cells and systems (PAFC). Part 6: Direct methanol fuel cells and systems (DMFC). Part 7: Molten carbonate fuel cells and systems (MCFC). Part 8: Solid oxide fuel cells and systems (SOFC). Materials. Stack and system design. New concepts. Part 9: Primary and secondary metal/air cells. Part 10: Portable fuel cell systems. Part 11: Current fuel cell propulsion systems. PEM fuel cell systems for cars/buses. PEM fuel cell systems for submarines. AFC fuel cell systems. Part 12: Electric utility fuel cell systems. Part 13: Future prospects of fuel cell systems. Contents for Volumes 1 and 2. Subject Index.

2,917 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of technologies related to hydrogen production from both fossil and renewable biomass resources including reforming (steam, partial oxidation, autothermal, plasma, and aqueous phase) and pyrolysis is presented in this article.

2,673 citations


"Overview of hydrogen production tec..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...There are other non-conventional processes reported in the literature for the production of H2 from methane, such as: “solar reforming” [6,24], “thermal plasma reforming” [68e71] and “catalytic decomposition” [72,73]....

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  • ...Other newer technologies, not yet consolidated, will take some time to be commercialized, currently only used in research, such as internal reforming in fuel cells [24]....

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  • ...ng processes [7,24,79,81]....

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  • ...Themain techniques used to obtain large-scale H2 promote the reforming of light hydrocarbons, especially methane, a major biogas component [24]....

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  • ...Both reforming processes can be performed under low pressure (in most cases under atmospheric pressure) in tubular fixed-bed or fluidized reactors [7,24,25]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a literature-based analysis has been carried out in an attempt to achieve a unified definition of PEM fuel cell lifetime for cells operated either at a steady state or at various accelerated conditions.

1,331 citations


"Overview of hydrogen production tec..." refers background in this paper

  • ...2 75 [111] 1....

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  • ...[111] Wu J, Martin JJ, Wang H, Zhang J, Shen J, Wu S, et al....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the use of catalysis for the current and future production of H2 can be found in this article, where a number of different, largely catalytic approaches for producing H2 are described.
Abstract: This review describes a number of different, largely catalytic approaches for producing H2. Since a major fraction of the world's H2 is produced by catalytic processes, involving multiple steps with different types of catalysts, it is clear that catalysis plays a critical role in the production of H2. This review is focused on the use of catalysis for the current and future production of H2. Some background will be provided to give a perspective of the dramatic change in the supply and demand for H2 in the past decade, followed by a review of how it is produced commercially, with a view to how multiple types of catalysis contribute to the total process for H2 production. Steam methane reforming, the major approach for H2 manufacture, will be a focal point for most of the discussion in pointing out the large number of catalytic steps that are used in this major technology. Finally, some alternative catalytic approaches for H2 production will be described.

794 citations


"Overview of hydrogen production tec..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Currently, H2 is widely used as raw material in the chemical industry, in food processing, in hydrogenation processes, in the production of ammonia and methanol, in the FischereTropsch synthesis, in the pharmaceutical industry, among others [23]....

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  • ...[23] Armor JN....

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Journal ArticleDOI
18 Jul 1991-Nature
TL;DR: In this article, an alternative catalytic strategy for CO2 reform-ing was proposed, which gives excellent yields (90%) from a stoichiometric (1:1) feed of CO2 and CH4.
Abstract: INCREASING concern about world dependence on petroleum oil has generated interest in the more efficient use of natural gas1–4. The conversion of methane to the common feedstock synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) by steam reforming is already well established5, and we have shown recently that yields of syn-thesis gas in excess of 90% can be obtained at moderate tem-peratures and ambient pressure by partial oxidation, with air or oxygen, over supported transition-metal catalysts6,7. The use of carbon dioxide as an oxidant for conversion of natural gas to synthesis gas is well established in steam reforming5, and is also known in CO2 reforming (for example, the Calcor process8,9), in which the use of excess CO2 yields mainly CO. In the present work, we describe an alternative catalytic strategy for CO2 reform-ing which gives excellent yields (90%) from a stoichiometric (1:1) feed of CO2 and CH4. Carbon deposition ('coking'), which is a hazard of CO2-reforming routes, is suppressed here by the use of catalysts based on platinum-group metals. We show that the exothermic partial oxidation of CH2 and the endothermic CO2-reforming reaction can be carried out simultaneously, thus introducing the possibility of tuning the thermodynamics of the process.

753 citations