Journal Article•
Oviposition altering and Ovicidal Efficacy of Root extracts of Argemone mexicana against Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
01 Aug 2014-Journal of entomology and zoology studies (AkiNik Publications)-Vol. 2, Iss: 4, pp 11-17
TL;DR: The petroleum ether and hexane root extracts proved to be the most effective ovicides against Ae.
Abstract: Laboratory evaluations were carried out to evaluate the oviposition altering and ovicidal efficacy of root extracts of Argemone mexicana against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti The extracts were prepared in five different solvents; petroleum ether, hexane, benzene, acetone and ethanol Our studies established the efficacy of the non-polar extracts over the polar extracts The oviposition deterrence studies established the petroleum ether root extract as the most efficient extract, with percent effective deterrence of 21% at 40 ppm reaching to 100% at 1000 ppm The petroleum ether root extract also showed a high effectual deterrence at 100 ppm (ED% - 73%) at which other extracts were rendered comparatively ineffective Most of the other extracts were not found to be significantly effective at lower concentration but showed gradual increase in the deterrent potential with increasing concentrations On 24 h exposure of freshly laid eggs of Ae aegypti with different root extracts, the non-polar extracts showed appreciable ovicidal potential at higher concentrations The petroleum ether and hexane root extracts proved to be the most effective ovicides against Ae aegypti eggs causing only 49 and 89% hatch respectively at the highest concentration The benzene root extracts showed an appreciable decrease in the egg hatchability at higher concentrations but could not sustain their ovicidal effect at lower concentrations The polar extracts, however, were the least effective ovicidal agents
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TL;DR: The present investigations suggest the possible use of A. aspera as an ideal ecofriendly, larvicidal agent for the control of dengue vector, Ae.
Abstract: Background and Objectives. Aedes aegypti, dengue fever mosquito, is primarily associated with the transmission of dengue and chikungunya in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The present investigations were carried out to assess the larvicidal efficiency of five indigenous weeds against Ae. aegypti. Methods. The 1,000 ppm hexane and ethanol extracts prepared from the leaves and stem of five plants (Achyranthes aspera, Cassia occidentalis, Catharanthus roseus, Lantana camara, and Xanthium strumarium) were screened for their larvicidal activity against early fourth instars of dengue vector. The extracts which could cause 80–100% mortality were further investigated for their efficacy. Results. The preliminary screening established the efficacy of hexane extracts as compared to the ethanol extracts. Further investigations revealed the highest larvicidal potential of A. aspera extracts exhibiting LC50 value of 82.555 ppm and 68.133 ppm, respectively. Further, their leaf extracts showed 5–85.9% higher larvicidal activity and stem extracts exhibited 0.23- to 0.85-fold more efficiency than the other four extracts. Conclusion. The present investigations suggest the possible use of A. aspera as an ideal ecofriendly, larvicidal agent for the control of dengue vector, Ae. aegypti. Future studies are, however, required to explore and identify the bioactive component involved and its mode of action.
27 citations
TL;DR: AgNCs of A. aspera stems are recommended as a low-cost and eco-friendly alternative to chemical insecticides for mosquito control and FT-IR data suggests complex nature of AgNCs.
19 citations
Cites background from "Oviposition altering and Ovicidal E..."
...…with control potential with diverse mode of actions against different stages of mosquito vectors; such as ovicidal, larvicidal, adulticidal, growth regulatory, repellency and oviposition deterrency (Maia and Moore, 2011; Ghosh et al., 2012, Kumar et al., 2012a, 2012b; Warikoo and Kumar 2013; 2014)....
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TL;DR: The answer to effective mosquito control may well reside within other ancient plant-based organisms that have co-resided and evolved with this ubiquitous pest.
Abstract: Mosquitoes are well-known vectors of disease and threaten the health of millions of people annually. While synthetic insecticides have been relied on to combat these diseases, insecticide resistance and environmental concerns have directed attention towards novel and more targeted mosquitocides derived from botanicals. Research on the activity of botanical derivatives has focused on mosquito larvae and adults with little attention given to their potential as oviposition deterrents against gravid female mosquitoes. This review explores the influence of chemical and biological factors on deterrence and examines issues relating to environmental persistence and non-target effects. With very few discoveries of new insecticide pathways, the answer to effective mosquito control may well reside within other ancient plant-based organisms that have co-resided and evolved with this ubiquitous pest.
16 citations
Cites background from "Oviposition altering and Ovicidal E..."
...Two studies gave account of the influence of plant parts on the efficacy of botanical derivatives as deterrents (Warikoo and Kumar 2014, 2015)....
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TL;DR: The results suggest the probable use of hexane extracts of A. aspera as an efficient and eco-friendly larvicide against Ae.
Abstract: Aedes aegypti ; well-known vector associated with the transmission of dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever; hasattracted substantial attention worldwide because of the alarming increase in disease statistics. Laboratory investigations were carried out to evaluate the impact of extracts; prepared from the stems and leaves of Achyranthes aspera; on the survival, behaviour and morphology of Ae. aegypti larvae. Healthy and disease-free parts of A. aspera extracted in hexane were screened for their larvicidal activity against early fourth instars of dengue vector in accordance with the WHO protocol. The investigations clearly established the larvicidal efficiency of both the extracts, though hexane stem extracts proved to be 0.82 fold more efficient than the leaf extracts. The bioassay resulted inLC 50 value of 68.133 and 82.555 ppm, when larvae were exposed to the hexane stem and leaf extracts of A. aspera , respectively. On the other hand, at LC 90 level, the hexane leaves extract proved to be 18% more efficient as compared to the hexane stem extract of A. aspera. Behavioural observations of the treated larvae revealed excitation and restlessness with persistent and aggressive anal biting behaviour indicating the probable effect of the extracts on the neuromuscular system of larvae. Microscopic observations of the dead larvae showed shrunken internal membrane of anal papillae and abnormally stretched body. Further the treated larvae of Ae. aegypti showed distorted alimentary canal with loss of pigmentation and partial or total cell destruction. Our results suggest the probable use of hexane extracts of A. aspera as an efficient and eco-friendly larvicide against Ae. aegypti . Further investigations are needed to identify the bioactive constituent and ascertain its effectiveness in the field conditions .
12 citations
TL;DR: All the tested essential oils exhibited toxicity against larvae and adults of Ae.
Abstract: Dengue is an important vector-borne infectious disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti in the tropics and subtropics. While synthetic chemicals have been used to control mosquitoes, an increase in their use in agricultural and public health domains has led to the development of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations. Hence, there is an increasing interest in biological insecticides as alternatives to synthetic insecticides, as part of insecticide resistance management strategies. The aim of the current study was to assess the bioactivity of essential oils from six (06) aromatic plants Cymbopogon giganteus, Cymbopogon nardus, Cymbopogon schoenanthus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Lippia multiflora, and Ocimum americanum against Ae. aegypti larvae and adults. Larvicidal and adulticidal bioassays were performed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard methods using field-collected Ae. aegypti from 1200 Logements and Tabtenga, two localities of Ouagadougou. The Rockefeller-susceptible strain was used as control. The essential oil of Lippia multiflora was the most toxic against Ae. aegypti larvae with 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 73.51 and 79.18 ppm for 1200 Logements and Tabtenga populations, respectively. This essential oil also had the most effective adulticidal activity against Ae. aegypti from both 1200 Logements (LC50 = 0.47%) and Tabtenga (LC50 = 0.51%). The essential oil of O. canum was less toxic against the larvae and adults of Ae. aegypti, whereas the essential oils of other plants tested had intermediate activity against either the larvae or adults. No significant difference in susceptibility was observed between field mosquitoes and the Rockefeller-susceptible strain based on insecticide resistance ratios. The results suggest that all the tested essential oils exhibited toxicity against larvae and adults of Ae. aegypti and can therefore be used as biological and ecofriendly insecticides for dengue vector control. However, field evaluations of formulations and further research on the essential oils for potential toxicology toward non-target organisms are necessary.
12 citations
References
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: The current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and mosquitocidal activity, their mechanism of action on target population, variation of their larvicidal activity according to mosquito species, instar specificity, polarity of solvents used during extraction, nature of active ingredient and promising advances made in biological control of mosquitoes by plant derived secondary metabolites have been reviewed.
Abstract: Mosquitoes act as a vector for most of the life threatening diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya ferver, filariasis, encephalitis, West Nile Virus infection, etc. Under the Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM), emphasis was given on the application of alternative strategies in mosquito control. The continuous application of synthetic insecticides causes development of resistance in vector species, biological magnification of toxic substances through the food chain and adverse effects on environmental quality and non target organisms including human health. Application of active toxic agents from plant extracts as an alternative mosquito control strategy was available from ancient times. These are non-toxic, easily available at affordable prices, biodegradable and show broad-spectrum target-specific activities against different species of vector mosquitoes. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and mosquitocidal activity, their mechanism of action on target population, variation of their larvicidal activity according to mosquito species, instar specificity, polarity of solvents used during extraction, nature of active ingredient and promising advances made in biological control of mosquitoes by plant derived secondary metabolites have been reviewed.
508 citations
"Oviposition altering and Ovicidal E..." refers background in this paper
...Mosquito-borne diseases are prevalent in more than 100 countries across the world, infecting every year over 700,000,000 people globally and 40,000,000 of the Indian population [1]....
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...However, in recent years, use of many of the former synthetic insecticides in the mosquito control program has been limited as their continual use has disrupted natural biological control systems, leading to undesirable effects on non-target organisms and fostering environmental as well as human health concerns [4, 1]....
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TL;DR: This study quantified the lethal and sublethal effects of several phytochemical compounds against all larval stages of Aedes aegypti, providing information that ultimately may have potential in mosquito control programs through acute toxicity and/or the ability to alter reproductive behaviors.
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Aedesaegypti L. is the major vector of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. In an effort to find effective tools for control programs to reduce mosquito populations, the authors assessed the acute toxicities of 14 monoterpenoids, trans-anethole and the essential oil of rosemary against different larval stages of Ae. aegypti. The potential for piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to act as a synergist for these compounds to increase larvicidal activity was also examined, and the oviposition response of gravid Ae.aegypti females to substrates containing these compounds was evaluated in behavioral bioassays. RESULTS: Pulegone, thymol, eugenol, trans-anethole, rosemary oil and citronellal showed high larvicidal activity against all larval stages of Ae.aegypti (LC50 values 10.3 – 40.8 mg L −1 ). The addition of PBO significantly increased the larvicidal activity of all test compounds (3 – 250-fold). Eugenol, citronellal, thymol, pulegone, rosemary oil and cymene showed oviposition deterrent and/or repellent activities, while the presence of borneol, camphor and β-pinene increased the number of eggs laid in test containers. CONCLUSIONS: This study quantified the lethal and sublethal effects of several phytochemical compounds against all larval stages ofAedesaegypti, providing information that ultimately may have potential in mosquito control programs through acute toxicity and/or the ability to alter reproductive behaviors. c � 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
175 citations
"Oviposition altering and Ovicidal E..." refers background in this paper
...The Oviposition Activity Index represents a global view of the relative preference of a substrate by gravid females [17]....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: The present study demonstrates the potential for using essential oils as mosquito repellents and oviposition deterrents and may lead to new and more effective strategies for protection from and control of mosquitoes.
Abstract: In this study we evaluated and reported repellent effects of essential oils from Thai plants against 4 mosquito vectors: Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Anopheles. dirus and Culex quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions using human volunteers. The essential oils were extracted from 18 plant species, belonging to 11 families, and the oils were then prepared as 10% solution in absolute ethanol with additives. Two chemical repellents, deet and IR3535, were also prepared in the same formulation as the essential oil repellents and tested for repellency as controls. The essential oils were also evaluated for oviposition deterrent effects against Ae. aegypti under laboratory conditions. The results show night-biting mosquitoes (An. dirus and Cx. quinquefasciatus) and Ae. albopictus were more sensitive to all the essential oils (repellency 4.5 - 8 hours) than was Ae. aegypti (repellency 0.3 - 2.8 hours), whereas deet and IR3535 provided excellent repellency against all four mosquito species (repellency 6.7- 8 hours). All essential oils exhibited oviposition deterrent activity against Ae. aegypti with various degrees of repellency ranging from 16.6 to 94.7%, whereas deet and IR3535 had no repellency. The present study demonstrates the potential for using essential oils as mosquito repellents and oviposition deterrents. These findings may lead to new and more effective strategies for protection from and control of mosquitoes.
171 citations
"Oviposition altering and Ovicidal E..." refers background in this paper
...The choice of an oviposition site by gravid mosquito females is a principal factor that determines species proliferation, population densities and dispersion in different geographical areas [15]....
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TL;DR: The ethanolic leaf extract of Cassia obtusifolia was investigated for their larvicidal and oviposition deterrence effects against Anopheles stephensi and indicated that the leaf extract showed concentration dependent Oviposition deterrent activity.
Abstract: The ethanolic leaf extract of Cassia obtusifolia was investigated for their larvicidal and oviposition deterrence effects against Anopheles stephensi. Concentrations ranging from 25 to 125 mg/l were assessed at 24 h post-treatment against late third instar larvae. The leaf extract had significant larvicidal effect with LC50 and LC90 values were 52.2 and 108.7 mg/l, respectively. In oviposition behaviour study, four different concentrations ranging from 100 to 400 mg/l were studied against gravid female mosquitoes. The results of oviposition study indicated that the leaf extract showed concentration dependent oviposition deterrent activity. At higher concentration (400 mg/l) showed 92.5% effective repellency against oviposition, followed by 300, 200 and 100 mg/l showed 87.2%, 83.0% and 75.5%, respectively. The larvicidal and oviposition deterrent effect of C. obtusifolia against A. stephensi make this plant product promising as an alternative to synthetic insecticide in mosquito control programs.
123 citations
"Oviposition altering and Ovicidal E..." refers result in this paper
...Rajkumar S, Jebanesan A. Larvicidal and oviposition activity of Cassia obtusifolia Linn (Family: Leguminosae) leaf extract against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae)....
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...These are contrary to the results of Rajkumar and Jebanesan [18] who asserted the efficient oviposition deterrence of a polar ethanolic leaf extract of Cassia obtusifolia against the malarial vector....
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TL;DR: The results suggest that the leaf solvent plant extracts have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of mosquitoes.
Abstract: Mosquito-borne diseases have an economic impact, including loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates; however, no part of the world is free from vector-borne diseases. In mosquito control programs, botanical origin may have the potential to be used successfully as eggs, larvae, and adult. The larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent activities of crude benzene and ethyl acetate extracts of leaf of Ervatamia coronaria and Caesalpinia pulcherrima were assayed for their toxicity against three important vector mosquitoes, viz., Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). The larval mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects; however, the highest larval mortality was found in benzene extract of E. coronaria against the larvae of Anopheles Stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus with the LC(50) and LC(90) values were 79.08, 89.59, and 96.15 ppm and 150.47, 166.04, and 174.10 ppm, respectively. Mean percent hatchability of the ovicidal activity was observed 48 h posttreatment. The percent hatchability was inversely proportional to the concentration of extract and directly proportional to the eggs. The leaf extract of E. coronaria was found to be most effective than Caesalpinia pulcherrima against eggs/egg rafts of three vector mosquitoes. For E. coronaria, the benzene extract exerted 300, 250, and 200 ppm against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus, respectively. The results of the repellent activity of benzene and ethyl acetate extract of E. coronaria and Caesalpinia pulcherrima plants at three different concentrations of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/cm(2) were applied on skin of fore arm in man and exposed against adult female mosquitoes. In this observation, these two plant crude extracts gave protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction to the test person, and also, the repellent activity is dependent on the strength of the plant extracts. These results suggest that the leaf solvent plant extracts have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of mosquitoes. This is the first report on the mosquito larvicidal, ovicidal, and repellent activities of the reported E. coronaria and Caesalpinia pulcherrima plants.
122 citations
"Oviposition altering and Ovicidal E..." refers background in this paper
...number of applications, higher acceptability and suitability [7]....
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