Oxy-fuel combustion technology for coal-fired power generation
01 Jan 2005-Progress in Energy and Combustion Science (PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE)-Vol. 31, Iss: 4, pp 283-307
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of CO2 capture in coal-fired combustion plants can be found in this article, where the status of the technology development and assessments providing comparisons with other power generation options, and suggests research needs.
About: This article is published in Progress in Energy and Combustion Science.The article was published on 2005-01-01. It has received 1450 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Flue-gas emissions from fossil-fuel combustion & Flue gas.
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TL;DR: In this paper, various aspects of CCS are reviewed and discussed including the state of the art technologies for CO2 capture, separation, transport, storage, leakage, monitoring, and life cycle analysis.
Abstract: Global warming and climate change concerns have triggered global efforts to reduce the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is considered a crucial strategy for meeting CO2 emission reduction targets. In this paper, various aspects of CCS are reviewed and discussed including the state of the art technologies for CO2 capture, separation, transport, storage, leakage, monitoring, and life cycle analysis. The selection of specific CO2 capture technology heavily depends on the type of CO2 generating plant and fuel used. Among those CO2 separation processes, absorption is the most mature and commonly adopted due to its higher efficiency and lower cost. Pipeline is considered to be the most viable solution for large volume of CO2 transport. Among those geological formations for CO2 storage, enhanced oil recovery is mature and has been practiced for many years but its economical viability for anthropogenic sources needs to be demonstrated. There are growing interests in CO2 storage in saline aquifers due to their enormous potential storage capacity and several projects are in the pipeline for demonstration of its viability. There are multiple hurdles to CCS deployment including the absence of a clear business case for CCS investment and the absence of robust economic incentives to support the additional high capital and operating costs of the whole CCS process.
2,181 citations
Cites background from "Oxy-fuel combustion technology for ..."
...Substantial reduction in thermal NOx is another advantage of this process [25]....
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...This process is technically feasible [25] but consumes large amounts of oxygen coming from an energy intensive air separation unit [27]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the leading CO2 capture technologies, available in the short and long term, and their technological maturity, before discussing CO2 transport and storage, as well as the economic and legal aspects of CCS.
Abstract: In recent years, Carbon Capture and Storage (Sequestration) (CCS) has been proposed as a potential method to allow the continued use of fossil-fuelled power stations whilst preventing emissions of CO2 from reaching the atmosphere. Gas, coal (and biomass)-fired power stations can respond to changes in demand more readily than many other sources of electricity production, hence the importance of retaining them as an option in the energy mix. Here, we review the leading CO2 capture technologies, available in the short and long term, and their technological maturity, before discussing CO2 transport and storage. Current pilot plants and demonstrations are highlighted, as is the importance of optimising the CCS system as a whole. Other topics briefly discussed include the viability of both the capture of CO2 from the air and CO2 reutilisation as climate change mitigation strategies. Finally, we discuss the economic and legal aspects of CCS.
1,752 citations
TL;DR: A review of the published knowledge on the oxy-fuel process can be found in this paper, focusing particularly on the combustion fundamentals, i.e. flame temperatures and heat transfer, ignition and burnout, emissions, and fly ash characteristics.
1,042 citations
Cites background from "Oxy-fuel combustion technology for ..."
...In case it is necessary to include both desulfurization and deNOx in an oxy-fuel combustion power plant the operation and performance of these units in atmospheres with high CO2 concentrations should be clarified....
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...Air Products Inc. has proposed a process that removes both non-condensable impurities as well as Hg, essentially all SOx M.B. Toftegaard et al. / Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 36 (2010) 581e625 589 and about 90% of the NOx through the production of waste water containing sulfuric and nitric acid [98]....
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...The almost complete avoidance of nitrogen is beneficial with respect to also reducing NOx emissions....
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...Parameter Modest quality, aquifer storage High quality, on-shore storage U.S. Specifications Saline formation Anheden et al. [76] Lee and Miller [77] Fout [78] Pressure 110 bar 110 bar e 150 bar Temperature 50 C 50 C <50 C e CO2 >96 vol% >96 vol% >95% Not limitedb H2O <500 ppm <50 ppm <480 ppmv 150 ppmv N2, Ar <4 vol%a e <4% Not limitedb O2 <4 vol%a <100 ppm <10 ppm <100 ppmv SO2 <200 mg/Nm3 <50 mg/Nm3 e <3 vol% H2S e e <10e200 ppm <1.3 vol% NOx e e e Uncertain NH3 e e e Not limited CO e e e Not limited CH4 e e e <0.8 vol% HC's e e <5% <5 vol% H2 e e e Uncertain Glycol e e <0.04 ppmv e a Sum of N2, O2, and Ar should be <4 vol%. b No limit but the impacts on compression power and equipment cost need to be considered....
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...Most of those who actually do include these units [4,10,63,80,82] assume that they can operate with exactly the same or even better settings, throughput, and economics as in a conventional plant....
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TL;DR: Oxy-coal combustion has generated significant interest since it was proposed as a carbon capture technology for newly built and retrofitted coal-fired power plants, and numerical models for sub-processes are also used to examine the differences between combustion in an oxidizing stream diluted by nitrogen and carbon dioxide as mentioned in this paper.
866 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the progress and the gap in the knowledge of plasma assisted combustion in applications, chemistry, ignition and flame dynamics, experimental methods, diagnostics, kinetic modeling, and discharge control is provided in this paper.
812 citations
References
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01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In this article, the Monte Carlo method for thermal radiation was used to estimate the radiative properties of one-dimensional Gray Media, and the method of Spherical Harmonics (PN-Approximation) was used for the same purpose.
Abstract: 1. Fundamentals of Thermal Radiation 2. Radiative Property Predictions from Electromagnetic Wave Theory 3. Radiative Properties of Real Surfaces 4. View Factors 5. Radiative Exchange Between Gray, Diffuse Surfaces 6. Radiative Exchange Between Partially-Specular Gray Surfaces 7. Radiative Exchange Between Nonideal Surfaces 8. Surface Radiative Exchange in the Presence of Conduction and Convection 9. The Equation of Radiative Transfer in Participating Media 10. Radiative Properties of Molecular Gases 11. Radiative Properties of Particulate Media 12. Radiative Properties of Semitransparent Media 13. Exact Solutions for One-Dimensional Gray Media 14. Approximate Solution Methods for One-Dimensional Media 15. The Method of Spherical Harmonics (PN-Approximation) 16. The Method of Discrete Ordinates (SN-Approximation) 17. The Zonal Method 18. The Treatment of Collimated Irradiation 19. The Treatment of Nongray Extinction Coefficients 20. The Monte Carlo Method for Thermal Radiation 21. Radiation Combined with Conduction and Convection 22. Inverse Radiative Heat Transfer A. Constants and Conversion Factors B. Tables for Radiative Properties of Opaque Surfaces C. Blackbody Emissive Power Table D. View Factor Catalogue E. Exponential Integral Functions F. Computer Codes Author Index Subject Index
4,907 citations
TL;DR: This review will cover the capture and geologic sequestration of CO2 generated from large point sources, namely fossil-fuel-fired power gasification plants and makes the case that this can all be accomplished safely with off-the-shelf technologies.
Abstract: The topic of global warming as a result of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration is arguably the most important environmental issue that the world faces today. It is a global problem that will need to be solved on a global level. The link between anthropogenic emissions of CO2 with increased atmospheric CO2 levels and, in turn, with increased global temperatures has been well established and accepted by the world. International organizations such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have been formed to address this issue. Three options are being explored to stabilize atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and global temperatures without severely and negatively impacting standard of living: (1) increasing energy efficiency, (2) switching to less carbon-intensive sources of energy, and (3) carbon sequestration. To be successful, all three options must be used in concert. The third option is the subject of this review. Specifically, this review will cover the capture and geologic sequestration of CO2 generated from large point sources, namely fossil-fuel-fired power gasification plants. Sequestration of CO2 in geological formations is necessary to meet the President's Global Climate Change Initiative target of an 18% reduction in GHG intensity by 2012. Further, the best strategy to stabilize the atmospheric concentration of CO2 results from a multifaceted approach where sequestration of CO2 into geological formations is combined with increased efficiency in electric power generation and utilization, increased conservation, increased use of lower carbon-intensity fuels, and increased use of nuclear energy and renewables. This review covers the separation and capture of CO2 from both flue gas and fuel gas using wet scrubbing technologies, dry regenerable sorbents, membranes, cryogenics, pressure and temperature swing adsorption, and other advanced concepts. Existing commercial CO2 capture facilities at electric power-generating stations based on the use of monoethanolamine are described, as is the Rectisol process used by Dakota Gasification to separate and capture CO2 from a coal gasifier. Two technologies for storage of the captured CO2 are reviewed--sequestration in deep unmineable coalbeds with concomitant recovery of CH4 and sequestration in deep saline aquifers. Key issues for both of these techniques include estimating the potential storage capacity, the storage integrity, and the physical and chemical processes that are initiated by injecting CO2 underground. Recent studies using computer modeling as well as laboratory and field experimentation are presented here. In addition, several projects have been initiated in which CO2 is injected into a deep coal seam or saline aquifer. The current status of several such projects is discussed. Included is a commercial-scale project in which a million tons of CO2 are injected annually into an aquifer under the North Sea in Norway. The review makes the case that this can all be accomplished safely with off-the-shelf technologies. However, substantial research and development must be performed to reduce the cost, decrease the risks, and increase the safety of sequestration technologies. This review also includes discussion of possible problems related to deep injection of CO2. There are safety concerns that need to be addressed because of the possibilities of leakage to the surface and induced seismic activity. These issues are presented along with a case study of a similar incident in the past. It is clear that monitoring and verification of storage will be a crucial part of all geological sequestration practices so that such problems may be avoided. Available techniques include direct measurement of CO2 and CH4 surface soil fluxes, the use of chemical tracers, and underground 4-D seismic monitoring. Ten new hypotheses were formulated to describe what happens when CO2 is pumped into a coal seam. These hypotheses provide significant insight into the fundamental chemical, physical, and thermodynamic phenomena that occur during coal seam sequestration of CO2.
722 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comparison of the performance of the two approaches using the commercial process simulation packages, Hysys & Aspen Plus, and show that both processes are expensive options to capture CO2 from coal power plants, however O2/CO2 appears to be a more attractive retrofit than MEA scrubbing.
512 citations
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: The World Energy Outlook 2004 as mentioned in this paper offers the statistical background and analytical insight out of which any solution to the world's energy problems will have to be crafted, and it includes exhaustive energy statistics and projections till the year 2030,incisive analysis of the high oil-price phenomenon and the reliability of oil reserves data.
Abstract: Oil prices have broken $50 a barrel, soaring Chinese demand is rocking energy markets, and climate-destabilising carbon emissions grow apace. The World Energy Outlook 2004 offers the statistical background and analytical insight out of which any solution to the world’s energy problems will have to be crafted. It includes exhaustive energy statistics and projections till the year 2030, incisive analysis of the high oil-price phenomenon and the reliability of oil reserves data, a hard look at Russia’s future as an energy superpower, an “alternative” scenario for a more sustainable energy world, and a new way of indexing the links between energy and development
443 citations