Oxygen-labile l(+) lactate-dehydrogenase activity in desulfovibrio-desulfuricans
TL;DR: The presence of high activities of a membrane bound NAD(P) + independent L D H in a D. desulfuricans strain is reported, which was fairly stable when kept anaerobically but extremely unstable in the presence of oxygen.
Abstract: Lactate is the most commonly employed energy substrate for the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria [1], except for some of the recently discovered new types [2]. Both isomeric forms of lactate are utilized and metabolized to acetate and CO 2. Very little is known about the first enzyme involved in the oxidation of lactate. An N A D + independent membrane-bound L(+) lactate hydrogenase (LDH) activity has been reported in extracts of Desulfovibrio gigas but further details are not available [3]. D(--) L D H was recently detected in Desulfovibrio desulfuricans [4] and Desulfovibrio vulgaris [5]. This enzyme was partially purified and retained its activity without special precautions. Both D(--) LDHs were membranebound, NAD(P)+independent and could be assayed with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) as an artificial electron acceptor. The identity of the in vivo elec'tron acceptors of the LDHs remains to be established with certainty; the D(--) L D H of D. vulgaris could be coupled to cytochrome c553 which is also thought to be the acceptor of the formate dehydrogenase [5]. In this paper we report the presence of high activities of a membrane bound NAD(P) + independent L( + ) L D H in a D. desulfuricans strain. This enzyme was fairly stable when kept anaerobically but extremely unstable in the presence of oxygen. Data on the conditions required for reactivation of oxygen-inactivated enzyme activity in extracts are given. Only very low activities of D(--) L D H were detected despite the fact that our strain grows well oh both L (+ ) and D ) lactate.
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01 Jan 2006
544 citations
TL;DR: This work demonstrated that reconstructed metabolic networks and stoichiometric models can serve not only to predict metabolic fluxes and growth phenotypes of single organisms, but also to capture growth parameters and community composition of simple bacterial communities.
Abstract: The rate of production of methane in many environments depends upon mutualistic interactions between sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogens. To enhance our understanding of these relationships, we took advantage of the fully sequenced genomes of Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Methanococcus maripaludis to produce and analyze the first multispecies stoichiometric metabolic model. Model results were compared to data on growth of the co-culture on lactate in the absence of sulfate. The model accurately predicted several ecologically relevant characteristics, including the flux of metabolites and the ratio of D. vulgaris to M. maripaludis cells during growth. In addition, the model and our data suggested that it was possible to eliminate formate as an interspecies electron shuttle, but hydrogen transfer was essential for syntrophic growth. Our work demonstrated that reconstructed metabolic networks and stoichiometric models can serve not only to predict metabolic fluxes and growth phenotypes of single organisms, but also to capture growth parameters and community composition of simple bacterial communities.
477 citations
Cites background from "Oxygen-labile l(+) lactate-dehydrog..."
...Activity of a NAD-independent but not NADH-dependent dehydrogenase has been supported experimentally for several strains of Desulfovibrio, including D. vulgaris, D. vulgaris Marburg, and D. desulfuricans (Ogata et al, 1981; Stams and Hansen, 1982; Pankhania et al, 1988)....
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TL;DR: Throughout the first 90 years after their discovery, sulfate-reducing bacteria were thought to be strict anaerobes, but during the last 15 years it has turned out that they have manifold properties that enable them to cope with oxygen.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract Throughout the first 90 years after their discovery, sulfate-reducing bacteria were thought to be strict anaerobes. During the last 15 years, however, it has turned out that they have manifold properties that enable them to cope with oxygen. Sulfate-reducing bacteria not only survive oxygen exposure for at least days, but many of them even reduce oxygen to water. This process can be a true respiration process when it is coupled to energy conservation. Various oxygen-reducing systems are present in Desulfovibrio species. In Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, oxygen reduction was coupled to proton translocation and ATP conservation. In these species, the periplasmic fraction, which contains hydrogenase and cytochrome c3, was found to catalyze oxygen reduction with high rates. In Desulfovibrio gigas, a cytoplasmic rubredoxin oxidase was identified as an oxygen-reducing terminal oxidase. Generally, the same substrates as with sulfate are oxidized with oxygen. As additional elec...
329 citations
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: This volume presents a summary of present knowledge of sulfate-reducing bacteria which features an introduction by the eminent microbiologist John Postgate and comprehensive reviews from recognized authorities.
Abstract: Sulfate-reducing bacteria comprise a diverse and ecologically interactive group of anaerobic prokaryotes which share an extraordinary trait: growth by sulfate respiration with hydrogen sulfide as a major end-product. Sulfate-reducers are found in diverse environments ranging from estuaries to geological oil-bearing formations. They have attracted considerable scientific and commercial interest. These organisms have been actively investigated by researchers in microbial energetics, protein chemistry, ecology and more recently molecular biology. This volume presents a summary of present knowledge of sulfate-reducing bacteria which features an introduction by the eminent microbiologist John Postgate and comprehensive reviews from recognized authorities.
286 citations
TL;DR: Any sulphur compound with an oxidation state above that of sulphide can potentially function as an electron acceptor for the oxidation of carbon substrates by biological processes and, during dissimilatory sulphate reduction, the sulphate ion is utilized as an oxidant for the degradation of organic material.
Abstract: All plants, animals and bacteria require sulphur for the synthesis of proteins. The biological transformation of sulphur in natural environments is a nutrient cycling process comprising both aerobic and anaerobic components (Postgate 1984). In its highest oxidation state, sulphur exists as the sulphate ion (SO:-) which is reduced to sulphide (Sz-) by most bacteria, fungi and plants before incorporation into amino acids. This process is termed assimilatory sulphate reduction and is purely a biosynthetic process. However, any sulphur compound with an oxidation state above that of sulphide ( 2) can potentially function as an electron acceptor for the oxidation of carbon substrates by biological processes (Goldhaber & Kaplan 1974). For example, during dissimilatory sulphate reduction, the sulphate ion is utilized as an oxidant for the degradation of organic material. An equivalent amount of sulphide is formed per mole of sulphate reduced (Berner 1974): 2CH,O + SO:-+ H,S + 2HCO;
234 citations
References
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299 citations
TL;DR: Anaerobic mineralization of acetate, propionate- and l-lactate-oxidizing sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine sediments was studied in the presence and in the absence of sulfate.
Abstract: Colony counts of acetate-, propionate- and l-lactate-oxidizing sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine sediments were made. The vertical distribution of these organisms were equal for the three types considered. The highest numbers were found just beneath the border of aerobic and anaerobic layers.
209 citations
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: This book contains the proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Society for Industrial Microbiology which was held at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul.
Abstract: This book contains the proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the Society for Industrial Microbiology which was held at the University of Minnesota in St Paul Symposia on topics such as agriculture, food chemicals, process development, and health care provided insight into the application of the new technology - Biotechnology Other papers on microbiology of subsurface environment and groundwater contamination are included
203 citations
01 Jan 1980
157 citations