Journal Article•
Palinología de la Formación Kachaike, Cretácico Inferior de la Cuenca Austral, provincia de Santa Cruz. Granos de polen de Gimnospermas
TL;DR: Se determinaron 18 especies de granos de polen de gimnospermas dispersos de la Formaci Kachaike, Cretacico Inferior de la cuenca Austral, provincia de Santa Cruz as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Se determinaron 18 especies de granos de polen de
gimnospermas dispersos de la Formacion Kachaike, Cretacico Inferior de la cuenca Austral, provincia de Santa Cruz Las principales familias representadas son las Cheirolepidaceae, Podocarpaceae, Araucariaceae y Ephedraceae Se analizan distintas caracteristicas observadas en los generos Callialasporites Dev y Cyclusphaera Elsik Finalmente se realizan algunas conclusiones generales sobre las diferentes familias de gimnospermas halladas en la Formacion Kachaike
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied fossil wood from Matasiete and Castillo Formations (Aptian-Albian) for the first time and found that they have anatomy consistent with the fossil-genus Brachyoxylon Hollick and Jeffrey.
16 citations
TL;DR: The co-occurrence of abundant fossil of Ephedra (adapted to dry habitats) associated with thermophilic cheirolepideacean conifer pollen (Classopollis) in the unit would suggest marked seasonality at the locality during the Early Cretaceous.
Abstract: Fossil plants from the Lower Cretaceous (upper Aptian) of the La Cantera Formation, Argentina, are described. The fossils studied represent a leafy shooting system with several orders of articulated and striated axes and attached leaves with unequivocal ephedroid affinity. We also found associated remains of ovulate cones with four whorls of sterile bracts, which contain two female reproductive units (FRU). Ovulate cone characters fit well within the genus Ephedra. Special characters in the ovulate cones including an outer seed envelope with two types of trichomes, allowed us to consider our remains as a new Ephedra species. Abundant dispersed ephedroid pollen obtained from the macrofossil-bearing strata also confirms the abundance of Ephedraceae in the basin. The co-occurrence of abundant fossil of Ephedra (adapted to dry habitats) associated with thermophilic cheirolepideacean conifer pollen (Classopollis) in the unit would suggest marked seasonality at the locality during the Early Cretaceous. Furthermore, the floristic association is linked to dry sensitive rocks in the entire section. The macro- and microflora from San Luis Basin are similar in composition to several Early Cretaceous floras from the Northern Gondwana floristic province, but it may represent one of the southernmost records of an arid biome in South America.
15 citations
Cites background from "Palinología de la Formación Kachaik..."
...Numerous ephedroid polyplicate pollen grains were recovered in several basins (e.g. Archangelsky and Llorens 2009; Baldoni 1992; Brenner 1968; Lima 1978; Narvaez et al....
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TL;DR: The paleobiogeography of this taxon shows that during the Mesozoic, the plants that produced these grains inhabited an extensive area of Gondwana that included South America, Africa, India and Antarctica.
15 citations
TL;DR: The overall biogeographic pattern of Cyclusphaera is similar to that of Podocarpaceae, one of the most persistent gymnosperm families in the tropics, which could be related to the increase in aridity and expansion of savanna habitats in the northern tropics of South America during the Neogene.
Abstract: The pollen genus Cyclusphaera was first described from the Campanian of Peru. The distinctive pollen is spherical to ovoid and disc shaped, with two large openings, resembling pores, opposite each other on the pollen grain. We emend the description of Cyclusphaera scabrata from the Cenozoic of northern South America, based on new data from transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy. The worldwide spatial and temporal distributions of Cyclusphaera are examined. This taxon originated in midlatitudes in the Southern Hemisphere (Gondwana) and subsequently expanded its distribution to higher and lower latitudes, reaching a maximum latitudinal and longitudinal distribution by the middle Cretaceous. Following the Cretaceous, Cyclusphaera was extirpated from middle and high latitudes during the late Cretaceous and Paleogene while increasing its frequency in the tropics during the Cenozoic in both Africa and South America. By the Oligocene, Cyclusphaera was a common element of palynofloras in Colombia ...
12 citations
TL;DR: The recorded increase in the number of angiosperm species towards the middle and upper parts of the Kachaike Formation, with the presence of monocolpate, tricolpate), tricolporoidate and tricolporate pollen, suggests an early-early middle Albian age for these parts of this unit, in agreement with the early Albian Age proposed for its basal levels on the basis of dinoflagellates.
Abstract: Thirty-three angiosperm pollen species are here reported from mid-Cretaceous deposits of the Kachaike Formation, Austral Basin, southern Argentina. Clavatipollenites is the most abundant angiosperm...
12 citations
Cites background from "Palinología de la Formación Kachaik..."
...…previously reported from the Kachaike Formation (Halle 1913; Frenguelli 1935; Piátnitzky 1938; Baldoni and Ramos 1981; Ruiz 1984; Longobucco et al. 1985; Baldoni et al. 2001; Archangelsky and Llorens 2003, 2005, 2009; Llorens and Del Fueyo 2003; Cúneo and Gandolfo 2005; Archangelsky et al. 2012)....
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646 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1953
378 citations
TL;DR: Maceration of the samples has revealed the presence of spores and pollen in varying degrees of abundance in the Kolarich Mine, and those coals composed mostly of modified woody tissues contain very few spores or pollen and have proved unsatisfactory for statistical correlation.
Abstract: FOSSIL SPORES and pollen are abundant in coals occurring in the Fort Union series near Red Lodge, Carbon County, Montana. Previous to this discovery only a single species of fossil spore (Miner, 1935) and no pollen grains were known from the Paleocene rocks. In North America, very few of the extensive Tertiary coal deposits have been explored for plant microfossils, although such study has great possibilities for the advancement of knowledge concerning the composition and stratigraphy of coal. The coal field in the vicinity of Red Lodge and Bear Creek, Montana, is extensive. According to Dr. Erling Dorf (personal written communication), "These coals are very high in the Fort Union series, are definitely post-Lebo, and probably postTongue River as now restricted (see Wood et al., Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 52, plate 1, 1941)." Woodruff (1909) has shown that there is a total of more than eighty-one feet of coal in the numerous seams. These occur through an 825-foot section of the Fort Union series. The coals range from smuts to seams twelve feet in thickness. There is a general thinning of the seams toward the southwest and thickening toward the northwest. The areal distribution of the seams indicates that they are more extensive than local lenticular deposits. The structure of the coal field is an eroded monocline which dips southwestward from the Pryor Mountains. At the foot of the Beartooth Range the monocline is terminated by a fault whose throw is several thousand feet. The dip of the beds in the vicinity of Red Lodge is 180, but south of Bear Creek the dip is much less. Minor undulations occur in the beds, and a small dome is present near the latter town. In 1940 and 1941 twenty-seven channel samples of coal were collected from seams one to eight inclusive. The seams are numbered from the top down. Maceration of the samples has revealed the presence of spores and pollen in varying degrees of abundance. Those coals composed mostly of modified woody tissues contain very few spores or pollen and have proved unsatisfactory for statistical correlation. This paper describes the fossil spores and pollen from one deposit, the Kolarich Mine. This mine is located in Section 25, Township 7 S., Range 20 E. It is approximately two miles east of Red Lodge. Some uncertainty exists concerning the position of this coal seam. Opinions of local residents are di1 Received for publication August 22, 1945. The authors wish to express their appreciation to Dr. Erling Dorf for information concerning the age of the Kolarich coal, to Dr. J. C. Gilman for examining the fungus spores, and to Dr. Theodor Just for reading the manuscript and checking the construction of the new names and combinations. For a grant-in-aid, the authors are indebted to the American Association for the Advancement of Science. vided as to whether the Kolarich Mine is exploiting seam No. 1 or No. 3. No conclusive evidence has yet been secured from microfossil studies that will solve the problem. The coal sample was secured from the wall several yards from the entrance of the drift mine. The rock section in the Kolarich Mine consists of (1) a gray undershale, (2) coal, 6 feet, (3) shale parting, 6 inches, (4) coal, 6 inches, (5) gray roof shale. METHODS.-Tertiary coals require various maceration treatments because they range widely in composition and structure. Since the Kolarich coal is both woody and close to sub-bituminous rank, it was necessary to use Schultz's solution for maceration. Pieces of coal were selected that did not contain visible woody structure. These were broken into pieces approximately one-half centimeter in diameter and covered with Schultz's solution for 24 hours. In the course of the maceration the mass was frequently stirred. This treatment was followed by washing with water, and decantation, until the odor of Schultz's solution was no longer apparent. The coal was then covered with ammonium hydroxide for another 24 hours. Again the material was washed and decanted until the odor of the ammonium hydroxide disappeared. The remaining sediment was examined for megaspores, but none were found. The finer sediment was stained with safranin, washed, centrifuged and transferred to glycerine jelly. Permanent slides were made from this preparation. All specimens are in the collection of the senior author.
117 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of previous literature on Classopollis Pflug, 1953, and a discussion of its nomenclature, type species, and diagnosis are discussed.
Abstract: Following a review of previous literature on Classopollis Pflug, 1953, and a discussion of its nomenclature, type species, and diagnosis, this pollen genus is here emended on the basis of numerous specimens recovered from Permian to Upper Cretaceous rocks in Canada. The type species, Classopollis classoides Pflug, is also emended, and new species are described. The stratigraphic occurrence, possible depositional environment, and possible affinities of the genus are discussed.
90 citations