Journal ArticleDOI
Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Aryl Chlorides
Adam F. Littke,Gregory C. Fu +1 more
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This review summarizes both the seminal early work and the exciting recent developments in the area of palladium-catalyzed couplings of aryl chlorides.Abstract:
Collectively, palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions represent some of the most powerful and versatile tools available to synthetic organic chemists. Their widespread popularity stems in part from the fact that they are generally tolerant to a large number of functional groups, which allows them to be employed in a wide range of applications. However, for many years a major limitation of palladium-catalyzed coupling processes has been the poor reactivity of aryl chlorides, which from the standpoints of cost and availability are more attractive substrates than the corresponding bromides, iodides, and triflates. Traditional palladium/triarylphosphane catalysts are only effective for the coupling of certain activated aryl chlorides (for example, heteroaryl chlorides and substrates that bear electron-withdrawing groups), but not for aryl chlorides in general. Since 1998, major advances have been described by a number of research groups addressing this challenge; catalysts based on bulky, electron-rich phosphanes and carbenes have proved to be particularly mild and versatile. This review summarizes both the seminal early work and the exciting recent developments in the area of palladium-catalyzed couplings of aryl chlorides.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Aryl-aryl bond formation by transition-metal-catalyzed direct arylation.
TL;DR: A number of improvements have developed the former process into an industrially very useful and attractive method for the construction of aryl -aryl bonds, but the need still exists for more efficient routes whereby the same outcome is accomplished, but with reduced waste and in fewer steps.
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Controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis.
TL;DR: This Review highlights recent applications of controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis, and discusses some of the underlying phenomena and issues involved.
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Carboxylate-assisted transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalizations: mechanism and scope.
TL;DR: This review summarizes the development and scope of carboxylates as cocatalysts in transition-metal-catalyzed C-H functionalizations until autumn 2010 and proposes new acronyms, such as CMD (concerted metalationdeprotonation), IES (internal electrophilic substitution), or AMLA (ambiphilic metal ligand activation), which describe related mechanisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanoparticles as Recyclable Catalysts: The Frontier between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis
TL;DR: The Review presents the recent developments and the use of NP catalysis in organic synthesis, for example, in hydrogenation and C--C coupling reactions, and the heterogeneous oxidation of CO on gold NPs.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Sonogashira Reaction: A Booming Methodology in Synthetic Organic Chemistry†
Rafael Chinchilla,Carmen Nájera +1 more
TL;DR: Transition-Metal-Free Reactions, Alkynylation of Heterocycles, and Synthesis of Electronic and Electrooptical Molecules: A Review.
References
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BookDOI
Metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an approach to the formation of C-X (X = N, O, S) bonds in metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.
BookDOI
Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds
Boy Cornils,Wolfgang A. Herrmann +1 more
Book
Classics in total synthesis
TL;DR: Classics in total synthesis as mentioned in this paper, Classic in complete synthesis, Classic in total synthesization, total synthesis of classical texts, classical text synthesis, classic text synthesization and total synthesis.
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