Parallel-connected battery module modeling based on physical characteristics in multiple domains and heterogeneous characteristic analysis
TL;DR: An extended single particle model of a battery cell is constructed using the Pade approximation and the first-order Taylor expansion to simplify the conventional electrochemical mechanism model and indicates that the average standard deviation of the cell current in the NCM parallel-connected module can be reduced.
About: This article is published in Energy.The article was published on 2022-01-15. It has received 3 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Battery (electricity) & Battery (electricity).
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28 Jan 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of connecting cells with varied properties in parallel and the issues regarding energy imbalance and battery management that may arise was explored through analysing experimental data and a validated model, and significant differences in current flow can occur between cells within a parallel stack that will affect how the cells age and the temperature distribution within the battery assembly.
Abstract: Variations in cell properties are unavoidable and can be caused by manufacturing tolerances and usage conditions. As a result of this, cells connected in series may have different voltages and states of charge that limit the energy and power capability of the complete battery pack. Methods of removing this energy imbalance have been extensively reported within literature. However, there has been little discussion around the effect that such variation has when cells are connected electrically in parallel. This work aims to explore the impact of connecting cells, with varied properties, in parallel and the issues regarding energy imbalance and battery management that may arise. This has been achieved through analysing experimental data and a validated model. The main results from this study highlight that significant differences in current flow can occur between cells within a parallel stack that will affect how the cells age and the temperature distribution within the battery assembly.
124 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a novel paraffin (PA)/EVA grafted with maleic anhydride (EVA-g-MAH)/expanded graphite (EG)/melamine (MA)/triphenyl phosphate (TPP) composite phase change material (MTPCM) was successfully prepared and utilised in a retired battery module.
6 citations
TL;DR: Considering the disorder of fast charging protocols and charging intervals, a random health indicator and shallow neural network based robust capacity estimation approach is developed in this paper , which performs high accuracy and strong robustness against the influence of different fast-charging protocols on battery degradation.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the galvanostatic charge and discharge of a lithium anode/solid polymer separator/insertion cathode cell is modeled using concentrated solution theory, which is general enough to include a wide range of polymeric separator materials, lithium salts, and composite insertion cathodes.
Abstract: The galvanostatic charge and discharge of a lithium anode/solid polymer separator/insertion cathode cell is modeled using concentrated solution theory. The model is general enough to include a wide range of polymeric separator materials, lithium salts, and composite insertion cathodes. Insertion of lithium into the active cathode material is simulated using superposition, thus greatly simplifying the numerical calculations. Variable physical properties are permitted in the model. The results of a simulation of the charge/discharge behavior of the system are presented. Criteria are established to assess the importance of diffusion in the solid matrix and transport in the electrolyte. Consideration is also given to various procedures for optimization of the utilization of active cathode material.
2,896 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a single particle model for MCMB MCMB pouch cells was proposed and the model was extended to include thermal effects by adding the energy balance equation to the SP model.
Abstract: 15 developed a thermal model for the LiCoO2-mesocarbon microbead MCMB pouch cells based on the PP model and obtained good agreement between model predictions and experimental data. A disadvantage common to the P2D model and the PP model is the long simulation time due to the large number of nonlinear equations, so these models become computationally inefficient for simulating conditions such as cycling behavior and series/parallel configuration of stacked cells in battery packs. To improve computational run time without compromising accuracy, the singleparticle model SP modelRef. 3 and 16 was proposed. The SP model ignores the detailed distribution of local concentration and potential in the solution phase and instead accounts for a lumped solution resistance term. Furthermore, the local reaction currents across the porous electrode are assumed to be constant, which allows treatment of a porous electrode as a large number of single particles, all of which are subjected to the same conditions. These assumptions are reasonable for low applied current densities, thin electrodes, and highly conductive electrodes. In such cases the overpotential is primarily affected by the diffusion in the solid state. At high current densities, the concentration gradients in the electrolyte become important. The model presented here does not include these concentration gradients and is consequently limited to low to moderate current densities. These assumptions simplify the model equations significantly. The SP model using a two term polynomial approximation shows good agreement with the detailed PP model for charge/discharge below 1C, where C denotes the cell capacity. 3 In this work, the single-particle model is extended to include thermal effects by adding the energy balance equation to the SP model. Instead of using a two term polynomial approximation, the solid phase diffusion equations are solved by the eigenfunction expansion method, which improved the accuracy of the model. Parameters in this SP thermal model are estimated by fitting the simulated discharge curves up to 1C rate with the experimental data obtained on lithium-ion pouch cells. Also, good agreement between the SP thermal model and the PP thermal model presented in Ref. 15 is obtained.
405 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a state variable model for Li-ion battery discharge/charge behavior is presented. But the model is based on a nonlinear CFD model of a 6 Ah battery and the model output equation is derived on a local, electrode-averaged and distributed basis.
396 citations
TL;DR: A review of the studies on the modeling of Li-ion batteries with simplified P2D models is presented in this article, where the assumptions on which these models rest are stated, the calculation methods are examined, the advantages and the drawbacks of the models are discussed and their applications are presented.
301 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a universal modeling and simulation approach is presented to show that accurate battery pack simulation can be achieved if cell-to-cell variations were taken into account, using a single cell model, which was validated against experimental data and demonstrated with validity of high accuracy in predicting cell performance.
276 citations
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