Parametric Ion-Exchange Processes (Parametric Pumping and Allied Techniques)
01 Jan 1986-pp 369-399
TL;DR: The concept of parametric pumping is due to Wilhelm and coworkers (1966, 1968) as mentioned in this paper, whose original results deal with adsorption from the liquid phase, modulated by temperature.
Abstract: The term “parametric pumping” implies the idea of pumping, that is of transport of material (in our case, ionic species) up along some potential scale (in our case, chemical potential), at the cost of degradation of some flux of energy (to be specified later). The term “parametric” refers to the fact that the energy flux just mentionned is obtained by modulating some intensive thermodynamic parameter such as temperature, pressure, ionic strength, pH, electric potential, … Typical examples are temperature-swing ion-exchange and pressure-swing adsorption. The concept of parametric pumping is due to Wilhelm and coworkers (1966, 1968). Their original results deal with adsorption from the liquid phase, modulated by temperature. Let us examine how these phenomena are implemented.
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TL;DR: In this article, a mathematical model of ion-exchange dynamics of components with dissimilar diffusivities has been developed, and the phenomenon of formation of concentration waves is interpreted within the model as a result of the influence of a local electrical field, arising in the resin phase, from the difference on fluxes of exchanging ions.
20 citations
TL;DR: A critical review of the applicability of different ion exchange purification techniques for the manufacture of high purity inorganic, organic and biological substances is presented in this article, with a special attention paid to the reagentless purification methods, which allow for designing ecologically clean ion exchange technologies in applying both fixed bed and counter-current modes of operation.
Abstract: This paper represents a critical review of the applicability of different ion-exchange purification techniques for manufacture of high purity inorganic, organic and biological substances. The review considers both traditional ion-exchange purification methods, such as frontal separation, reverse frontal separation and displacement chromatography, and relatively new ion-exchange fractionation techniques based upon governing the separation process by the modulation of temperature, ionic strength, and some other thermodynamic parameters known to shift the equilibrium in an ion-exchange system to the desired direction. A special attention is payed to the reagentless purification methods, which allow for designing ecologically clean ion-exchange technologies in applying both fixed bed and counter-current modes of operation. The paper comprises numerous examples on ion-exchange ultra purification of rare alkali metals, rare earth metals, freons, liquid crystalline substances, amino acids, DNA, and othe...
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the Ion-Exchange Isothermal Supersaturahon (IXISS) phenomenon, where frontal or reverse frontal separation is accompanied by the formation of stable supersaturated solutions of slightly soluble substances in the interstitial space of ion-exchange columns.
Abstract: The paper describes the new phenomenon called Ion-Exchange Isothermal Supersaturahon (IXISS). This effect is observed for a number of ion-exchange systems, where frontal or reverse frontal separation is accompanied by the formation of stable supersaturated solutions of slightly soluble substances in the interstitial space of ion-exchange columns. After leaving the column a supersaturated solution crystallizes spontaneously, which allows for designing practically ideal ion-exchange process where a crystalline product is obtained right after the ion-exchange purification cycle. The paper comprises results on experimental investigation of IXISS of amino acids (e.g., such as glutamic, aspartic and some others), calcium and magnesium salts (sulfates and carbonates), and some other substances. The mechanisms of stabilization of supersaturated amino acid solutions in the interstitial space is proposed and confirmed experimentally. Methods for identification of substances exhibiting the IXISS effect and ...
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the evolution of ion exchange processes for separation and purification of substances by use of the influence of temperature both on the equilibrium and the dynamic properties of some ion exchange resins is discussed.
Abstract: The evolution of ion exchange processes for separation and purification of substances by use of the influence of temperature both on the equilibrium and the dynamic properties of some ion exchange resins is discussed. Significant improvement of some ion exchange separations, diminishing of reagents consumption and waste quantities is achieved. In the same way, environmentally non-hazardous reagentless ion exchange methods of divalent and monovalent ionic mixtures separation are developed. This report is based on experimental studies of the equilibrium, dynamic and some other properties of ion exchange resins.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a dual-temperature ion exchange fractionation (DTIXF) technique is proposed to design a reagentless and wasteless fractionation technology for IX resins with temperature dependent selectivity.
Abstract: This paper reviews the results obtained by studying the dual-temperature ion-exchange fractionation (DTIXF) technique. The DTIXF is based on the use of different affinity at different temperatures of ion exchangers towards ions to be separated. This technique allows to design absolutely reagentless and, as a result, wasteless fractionation technology. The review considers the temperature dependencies of selectivity of commercially available ion-exchange (LX) resins towards components of ionic mixtures of different complexity starting from binary model systems up to naturally existing nonacomponent effluents. A novel approach for predicting the temperature sensitivity of a given LX system is presented and discussed. The same approach has been shown to be applicable for the design of IX resins with temperature-dependent selectivity. The paper also reports the results obtained in the practical application of DTIXF technique for concentration of magnesium from seawater and copper from acidic mine wat...
12 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1955
TL;DR: In this article, the Mass Transfer Coefficients for Moleuclar Diffusion in Fluids and Interphase Mass Transfer in Solid-Fluid Operations are presented. But they do not consider the effect of ion exchange in solids.
Abstract: 1 The Mass-Transfer Operations Diffusion and Mass Transfer2 Moleuclar Diffusion in Fluids3 Mass-Transfer Coefficients4 Diffusion in Solids5 Interphase Mass Transfer6 Gas-Liquid Operations7 Equipment for Gas-Liquid Operations8 Humidification Operations, Gas Absorption9 Gas Absorption10 Distillation11 Liquid-Liquid Operations12 Liquid Extraction13 Solid-Fluid Operations14 Absorption and Ion Exchange15 Drying16 Leaching
2,184 citations
Book•
01 Feb 1997
TL;DR: Continuous distillation - separation of binary mixtures continuous distillation- separation of multi-component mixtures batch distillation steam distillation/stripping design of tray columns solvent recovery air stripping liquid liquid extraction commercial liquid-liquid extraction decantation ion exchange separations activated carbon systems for separations of liquid dialysis and electodialysisi parametrc pumping high-pressure liquid chromatographic separations commercial coalescers membrane filtration evaporation crystallization from solutions foam separation processes gas phase absorption design of gas absorption towers mass transfer using fuidized bed techniques fil
Abstract: Continuous distillation - separation of binary mixtures continuous distillation - separation of multi-component mixtures batch distillation steam distillation/stripping design of tray columns solvent recovery air stripping liquid-liquid extraction commercial liquid-liquid extraction decantation ion exchange separations activated carbon systems for separations of liquid dialysis and electodialysisi parametrc pumping high-pressure liquid chromatographic separations commercial coalescers membrane filtration evaporation crystallization from solutions foam separation processes gas phase absorption design of gas absorption towers mass transfer using fuidized bed techniques filtration theory flter-aid filtration batch filtration continuous filtration centrifugation cartridge filtration felt stainer bags sedimantation hydroclone separation drying of wet solids and solids in liquid leaching flotation melt crystallization solid-solid separations gas-solid separations electrostatic precipitators dust collectors, application and design and air separartion barrier filtration of hot gas.
410 citations
Book•
14 Mar 2018
Abstract: Essential Tremor The History of Essential Tremor Epidemiology and Etiology of Essential Tremor Pathophysiology of Essential Tremor Animal Models of Essential Tremor Neuropathology and Neurochemistry of Essential Tremor Differential Diagnosis and Clinical Characteristics of Essential Tremor Clinical Assessments of Essential Tremor Impact of Essential Tremor and Its Medical and Surgical Treatment on Neuropsychological Functioning, and Quality of Life Neuroimaging of Essential Tremor Medical Treatment of Essential Tremor Surgical Treatment of Essential Tremor Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, and Alternative Therapies for Essential Tremor Parkinsonian Tremor Dystonic Tremor Cerebellar Tremor Holmes Tremor Orthostatic Tremor Task-Specific Tremor Neuropathic Tremor Posttraumatic Tremor Infectious Tremor Intracranial Lesions and Tremor Drug- and Toxin-Induced Tremor Physiological Tremor Psychogenic Tremor
351 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: Zeolites have been the focus of intensive activity and growth in applications over the past 25 years in ion exchange, in adsorp tion and in catalytic process technology as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Zeolites have been the focus of intensive activity and growth in applications over the past 25 years in ion exchange, in adsorp tion and in catalytic process technology. Beginning with the syn thetic zeolites A, X and Y, continuing into the emerging ZSM series, and including selected natural zeolites, applications span the range from large-scale purification and separation to such major petroleum and petrochemical processes as catalytic cracking and aromatics alkylation. The future promises several new areas of signiciant use as our energy resource base is expanded. As a result, a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Zeolites was held in Alcabideche, Portugal, May 1-12, 1983. Its purpose was to summarize the state-of-the-art in zeolite science and technology, with particular emphasis on recent developments. This summary is intended to complement presentations of the latest research results at the 1983 International Zeolites Association meeting in .Reno, Nevada - USA. Both the fundamentals concepts and industrial applications are addressed in the lectures of the Institute. Individual chapters cover historical development, structure, crystallography and synthesis techniques. Basic principles of adsorption, diffusion, ion exchange and acidity are reviewed. A section on catalysis addresses shape selectivity, transition metals, bifunctional catalysis and "methanol to-gasoline." Included in the section on industrial applications are chapters on reactor and adsorber design, catalytic cracking, xylene and n -paraffins isomerization, as well as ion exchange and adsorption."
178 citations