Paranoia and paranoid: a historical perspective.
TL;DR: The history of the words paranoia and paranoid is traced from the Greeks to the present day and their fluctuations of usage and concept are explored.
Abstract: The history of the words paranoia and paranoid is traced from the Greeks to the present day and their fluctuations of usage and concept are explored.
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TL;DR: It is argued that biases in this cycle cause negative events to be attributed to external agents and hence contribute to the building of a paranoid world view, and a new integrative model is proposed that builds on this work.
853 citations
Cites methods from "Paranoia and paranoid: a historical..."
...For example, the term paranoia was used by the Ancient Greeks to mean crazy or mad, and was reintroduced to describe a type of delusional disorder by Heinroth in the first half of the 19th century (Lewis, 1970)....
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TL;DR: Although some of the data is consistent with the view that SDD is a "mild" form of schizophrenia, the bulk of the evidence suggests thatSDD and schizophrenia are distinct syndromes.
Abstract: The diagnostic status of paranoia (renamed simple delusional disorder [SDD]) has been debated since the time of Kraepelin Three main views have emerged that consider paranoia (1) a subtype of schizophrenia, (2) a subtype of affective illness, or (3) a distinct nosologic entity The literature pertinent to the diagnostic validity of a SDD is examined Although the methodology of a number of the studies reviewed would not be considered rigorous by today's standards, certain tentative conclusions can nonetheless be reached The available data do not suggest that SDD is a subtype of affective illness The evidence reviewed also does not strongly support the hypothesis that SDD is a subtype of schizophrenia Although some of the data is consistent with the view that SDD is a "mild" form of schizophrenia, the bulk of the evidence suggests that SDD and schizophrenia are distinct syndromes
234 citations
TL;DR: From a demographic perspective, DD closely resembles neither schizophrenia not affective illness, and occurs more frequently in low socioeconomic classes and produces a poor chance for full recovery.
Abstract: • This article reviews the demographic characteristics of paranoid psychosis or delusional disorder (DD) and compares them with those found for schizophrenia and affective illness. Delusional disorder constitutes between 1% and 4% of all psychiatric admissions, with an incidence of first admissions between 1 and 3/100,000 population per year. Like affective illness, but unlike schizophrenia, DD is predominantly an illness of middle to late adult life, usually occurring in persons who have been married. Like schizophrenia, but unlike affective illness, DD occurs more frequently in low socioeconomic classes and produces a poor chance for full recovery. Delusional disorder occurs more frequently than either schizophrenia or affective illness in immigrants. From a demographic perspective, DD closely resembles neither schizophrenia nor affective illness.
163 citations
TL;DR: An account is given of six cases treated with pimozide, four of which fall into the diagnostic category of monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis, a group with a traditionally poor prognosis.
Abstract: An account is given of six cases treated with pimozide. Four of there cases fall into the diagnostic category of monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis, a group with a traditionally poor prognosis. Three out of the four have responded favourably to pimozide, while the fourth showed a partial improvement. A fifth case also showed a marked degree of improvement despite a possibility of early cerebral arteriopathy. The one case which showed no improvement was suspected all along of having a personality disorder rather than a psychotic illnes, and this was subsequently confirmed.
It is suggested that pimozide: a) may be an effective treatment for monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychoses whatever their aetiology; and b) may differentiate rapidly between cases of mono-symptomatic hypochondriacal psychoses and dysmorphophobias due to neurotically determined factors.
128 citations
Cites background from "Paranoia and paranoid: a historical..."
...It is possible to speculate at length in this area, and Lewis (1970) has produced a scholarly dissertation on paranoia and paranoid schizophrenia....
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TL;DR: The overvalued idea, first described by Wernicke, refers to a solitary, abnormal belief that is neither delusional nor obsessional in nature, but which is preoccupying to the extent of dominating the sufferer's life.
Abstract: The overvalued idea, first described by Wernicke, refers to a solitary, abnormal belief that is neither delusional nor obsessional in nature, but which is preoccupying to the extent of dominating the sufferer's life. Disorders conforming to his definition are well documented, though their recognition as such has been variable, and they may not be as rare as is often thought. As well as sharing a distinctive phenomenology, the conditions develop in similar settings and carry a uniformly poor prognosis. Their pathogenesis is obscure and difficult to account for in conventional terms.
117 citations
Cites background from "Paranoia and paranoid: a historical..."
...Subsequently, the belief has been referred to as an overvalued (Jaspers, 1959; Mayer Gross et al, 1969), delusion-like (Hamilton, 1978), or dominant (Lewis, 1970) idea....
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References
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3,831 citations
973 citations
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: In this article, Kretschmer trug den Titel "Der sensitive beziehnngswahn" (1918), a book which is the damals erste differenzierte psychiatrische, auch auf die Normalpsychologie anwendbare Charakterologie, die verschiedene Betrachtungsebenen zeigt.
Abstract: Im Jahre 1918 veroffentlichte Ernst Kretschmer sein erstes Buch; es trug den Titel „Der sensitive Beziehnngswahn“. Es ist die damals erste differenzierte psychiatrische, auch auf die Normalpsychologie anwendbare Charakterologie, die verschiedene Betrachtungsebenen zeigt. Wenn es namlich moglich sein sollte, bestimmte Wahntypen psychologisch zu- deuten, wenn diese also nicht ausschlieslich aus autonomen Storungsprozessen hervorgehen, mussen sie in irgendeiner Weise mit dem Aufbau der Personlichkeit zusammenhangen, In seinem Referat ging W. Kretschmer, Tubingen, insbesondere auf die Deutung des sensitiven Beziehungswahns im Hinblick auf die individuelle Personlichkeit des Erkrankten ein.
175 citations