Parents' unresolved traumatic experiences are related to infant disorganized attachment status: Is frightened and/or frightening parental behavior the linking mechanism?
Citations
2,879 citations
Cites background from "Parents' unresolved traumatic exper..."
...…develop unique working models of the social world based on their early experiences in relationships with adult caregivers (Bowlby, 1982; Bretherton, 1990; Main & Hesse, 1990; Main, Kaplan, & Cassidy, 1985) that in turn help shape early development and influence children’s school experiences....
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1,886 citations
Cites background from "Parents' unresolved traumatic exper..."
...Main and Hesse (1990) have suggested that a parent still unresolved with respect to traumatic experiences may at times exhibit frightened/frightening behavior....
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...When the parents themselves, rather than the environment, are a source of alarm, the infant's usual strategy for coping with stress may temporarily become disorganized ( Main & Hesse, 1990 )....
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...Participants classified as unresolved/disorganized are always given an additional (dismissing, autonomous, or preoccupied) category placement, and unresolved/disorganized participants can and are placed in any of the three categories as alternates ( Main & Hesse, 1990 )....
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1,825 citations
1,512 citations
Cites background from "Parents' unresolved traumatic exper..."
...Main and Hesse (1990) speculate that otherwise “normal” parents with unresolved organized attachment is not just the consequence of insensitive parenting....
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...…in this analysis used the Main and Solomonular parental insensitivity is supposed to be associated with insecurity (De Wolff & van (1990) coding system for disorganized attachment; exclusion of this study did not yield dif-Ijzendoorn, 1997) but not with disorganiza- tion (Main & Hesse, 1990)....
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...In the face of this paradoxical situation, the infants’ organized strategy to deal with stressWhether secure or insecure, every child may show disorganization of attachment depend- is expected to fall apart (Main & Hesse, 1990)....
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...OnlyIjzendoorn & Schuengel, 1996) and the Main and Solomon (1990) coding system for disor- in the group of insecure mothers, the Main and Hesse (1990) model of a link betweenganized attachment....
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...The essence of disorganized attach-ing on the earlier child rearing experiences (Main & Hesse, 1990)....
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1,348 citations
Cites background from "Parents' unresolved traumatic exper..."
...In particular, based on ample theory (Liotti, 1992; Main & Hesse, 1990), we predicted that disorganized attachment in infancy would predict later dissociation....
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...Consistent with the theorizing of Main and Hesse (1990), we found that disorganization was strongly predicted by caregiver intrusiveness and by maltreatment, including physical abuse and psychological unavailability....
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...Based on Main’s concept of conditional strategies (e.g., Main & Hesse, 1990), we find this specificity to be extraordinarily compelling....
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