Pareto Optimality Between Far-Field Parameters of Lossless Phase-Only Filters
01 Jan 2017-pp 79-87
TL;DR: To achieve super resolution, lossless phase only filters with pre-specified lower limits for Strehl ratio are synthesized by using Particle Swarm Optimization technique.
Abstract: Resolution capability of an optical imaging system can be enhanced by reducing width of central lobe of the point spread function (PSF) of the transverse intensity distribution on the far field plane. Attempts to achieve the same by pupil plane filtering, is usually accompanied by concomitant increase in side lobe intensity. The mutual exclusivity between these two objectives may be cast as a multi objective optimization problem that does not have a unique solution; rather a class of trade off solutions called Pareto optimal solutions may be generated. To achieve super resolution, lossless phase only filters with pre-specified lower limits for Strehl ratio are synthesized by using Particle Swarm Optimization technique. Practical validation of the theoretical results is also undertaken by realizing the phase filters on reflective, phase only liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator.
References
More filters
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TL;DR: A concept for the optimization of nonlinear functions using particle swarm methodology is introduced, and the evolution of several paradigms is outlined, and an implementation of one of the paradigm is discussed.
Abstract: A concept for the optimization of nonlinear functions using particle swarm methodology is introduced. The evolution of several paradigms is outlined, and an implementation of one of the paradigms is discussed. Benchmark testing of the paradigm is described, and applications, including nonlinear function optimization and neural network training, are proposed. The relationships between particle swarm optimization and both artificial life and genetic algorithms are described.
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TL;DR: A new type of scanning fluorescence microscope capable of resolving 35 nm in the far field is proposed, overcome the diffraction resolution limit by employing stimulated emission to inhibit the fluorescence process in the outer regions of the excitation point-spread function.
Abstract: We propose a new type of scanning fluorescence microscope capable of resolving 35 nm in the far field. We overcome the diffraction resolution limit by employing stimulated emission to inhibit the fluorescence process in the outer regions of the excitation point-spread function. In contrast to near-field scanning optical microscopy, this method can produce three-dimensional images of translucent specimens.
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a new type of scanning fluorescence microscope capable of resolving 35 nm in the far field by employing stimulated emission to inhibit the fluorescence process in the outer regions of the excitation point spread function.
Abstract: We propose a new type of scanning fluorescence microscope capable of resolving 35 nm in the far field. We overcome the diffraction resolution limit by employing stimulated emission to inhibit the fluorescence process in the outer regions of the excitation point-spread function. In contrast to near-field scanning optical microscopy, this method can produce three-dimensional images of translucent specimens.
3,987 citations
TL;DR: In this article, superresolution phase-only pupil filters designed to utilize the degrees of freedom made available by diffractive optics technology are investigated theoretically and design considerations and solutions for applications such as confocal scanning microscopy and optical data storage are presented.
Abstract: Superresolution phase-only pupil filters designed to utilize the degrees of freedom made available by diffractive optics technology are investigated theoretically. These so-called diffractive superresolution elements improve the quality of the superresolved diffraction pattern from the point of view of Strehl ratio, reduction of the spot size, control of the sidelobe effects, optimization procedures, and fabrication tolerances. The performance of these elements is studied, and the nature of the solutions obtainable with binary and multiple-phase structures is analyzed. Design considerations and solutions for applications such as confocal scanning microscopy and optical data storage are presented. Optimization of the degrees of freedom to satisfy desired constraints is discussed and compared with other methods.
173 citations
TL;DR: Investigations on the use of evolutionary programming to obtain globally or quasi-globally optimum solutions in synthesis of lossless Toraldo filters consisting of concentric unequal area zones of fixed phase are reported.
Abstract: The resolving power of an optical imaging system is limited by residual aberrations and diffraction effects. The Rayleigh–Abbe diffraction limit of resolution corresponds to radius of the central lobe of the point spread function of an aberration free diffraction limited system. An attempt to circumvent this limitation was proposed by Toraldo di Francia, who showed that suitable pupil plane filtering can overcome this resolution limit, albeit over a restricted field. This paper reports results of our investigations on the use of evolutionary programming to obtain globally or quasi-globally optimum solutions in synthesis of lossless Toraldo filters consisting of concentric unequal area zones of fixed phase.
18 citations