Participation, both a means and an end: a conceptual analysis of processes and outcomes in childhood disability
01 Jan 2017-Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (Dev Med Child Neurol)-Vol. 59, Iss: 1, pp 16-25
TL;DR: This review outlines a conceptual approach to inform research and practice aimed at supporting children whose lives are complicated by impairment and/or chronic medical conditions, and their families.
Abstract: This review outlines a conceptual approach to inform research and practice aimed at supporting children whose lives are complicated by impairment and/or chronic medical conditions, and their families. 'Participation' in meaningful life activities should be an essential intervention goal, to meet the challenges of healthy growth and development, and to provide opportunities to help ensure that young people with impairments reach their full potential across their lifespan. Intervention activities and research can focus on participation as either an independent or dependent variable. The proposed framework and associated hypotheses are applicable to children and young people with a wide variety of conditions, and to their families. In taking a fresh 'non-categorical' perspective to health for children and young people, asking new questions, and exploring issues in innovative ways, we expect to learn lessons and to develop creative solutions that will ultimately benefit children with a wide variety of impairments and challenges, and their families, everywhere.
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01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: A brief overview of the status of the Convention as at 3 August 2007 is presented and recent efforts of the United Nations and agencies to disseminate information on the Convention and the Optional Protocol are described.
Abstract: The present report is submitted in response to General Assembly resolution 61/106, by which the Assembly adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Optional Protocol thereto. As requested by the Assembly, a brief overview of the status of the Convention as at 3 August 2007 is presented. The report also contains a brief description of technical arrangements on staff and facilities made necessary for the effective performance of the functions of the Conference of States Parties and the Committee under the Convention and the Optional Protocol, and a description on the progressive implementation of standards and guidelines for the accessibility of facilities and services of the United Nations system. Recent efforts of the United Nations and agencies to disseminate information on the Convention and the Optional Protocol are also described.
2,115 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The concepts and theories of human development is universally compatible with any devices to read and is available in the book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly.
Abstract: Thank you for downloading concepts and theories of human development. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this concepts and theories of human development, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer. concepts and theories of human development is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the concepts and theories of human development is universally compatible with any devices to read.
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TL;DR: The evidence supports the use of VR as an adjunct for stroke rehabilitation, with effectiveness evident for a variety of platforms, training parameters, and stages of recovery.
Abstract: Virtual-reality based rehabilitation (VR) shows potential as an engaging and effective way to improve upper-limb function and cognitive abilities following a stroke. However, an updated synthesis of the literature is needed to capture growth in recent research and address gaps in our understanding of factors that may optimize training parameters and treatment effects. Published randomized controlled trials comparing VR to conventional therapy were retrieved from seven electronic databases. Treatment effects (Hedge’s g) were estimated using a random effects model, with motor and functional outcomes between different protocols compared at the Body Structure/Function, Activity, and Participation levels of the International Classification of Functioning. Thirty-three studies were identified, including 971 participants (492 VR participants). VR produced small to medium overall effects (g = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.33–0.59, p < 0.01), above and beyond conventional therapies. Small to medium effects were observed on Body Structure/Function (g = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.28–0.55; p < 0.01) and Activity outcomes (g = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.34–0.60, p < 0.01), while Participation outcomes failed to reach significance (g = 0.38; 95% CI: -0.29-1.04, p = 0.27). Superior benefits for Body Structure/Function (g = 0.56) and Activity outcomes (g = 0.62) were observed when examining outcomes only from purpose-designed VR systems. Preliminary results (k = 4) suggested small to medium effects for cognitive outcomes (g = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.28–0.55; p < 0.01). Moderator analysis found no advantage for higher doses of VR, massed practice training schedules, or greater time since injury. VR can effect significant gains on Body Structure/Function and Activity level outcomes, including improvements in cognitive function, for individuals who have sustained a stroke. The evidence supports the use of VR as an adjunct for stroke rehabilitation, with effectiveness evident for a variety of platforms, training parameters, and stages of recovery.
130 citations
Cites background from "Participation, both a means and an ..."
...04 over five studies) may reflect issues in the assessment of participation outcomes, which is currently an imprecise science [105]....
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TL;DR: Evidence supports 40 intervention indications, with the greatest number at the activities‐level of the International Classification of Function, and yellow light interventions should be accompanied by a sensitive outcome measure to monitor progress and red light interventions could be discontinued because effective alternatives existed.
Abstract: Introduction Paediatric occupational therapy seeks to improve children's engagement and participation in life roles. A wide variety of intervention approaches exist. Our aim was to summarise the best-available intervention evidence for children with disabilities, to assist families and therapists choose effective care. Methods We conducted a systematic review (SR) using the Cochrane methodology, and reported findings according to PRISMA. CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, OTSeeker, PEDro, PsycINFO were searched. Two independent reviewers: (i) determined whether studies met inclusion: SR or randomised controlled trial (RCT); an occupational therapy intervention for children with a disability; (ii) categorised interventions based on name, core components and diagnostic population; (iii) rated quality of evidence and determined the strength of recommendation using GRADE criteria; and (iv) made recommendations using the Evidence Alert Traffic Light System. Results 129 articles met inclusion (n = 75 (58%) SRs; n = 54 (42%)) RCTs, measuring the effectiveness of 52 interventions, across 22 diagnoses, enabling analysis of 135 intervention indications. Thirty percent of the indications assessed (n = 40/135) were graded 'do it' (Green Go); 56% (75/135) 'probably do it' (Yellow Measure); 10% (n = 14/135) 'probably don't do it' (Yellow Measure); and 4% (n = 6/135) 'don't do it' (Red Stop). Green lights were: Behavioural Interventions; Bimanual; Coaching; Cognitive Cog-Fun & CAPS; CO-OP; CIMT; CIMT plus Bimanual; Context-Focused; Ditto; Early Intervention (ABA, Developmental Care); Family Centred Care; Feeding interventions; Goal Directed Training; Handwriting Task-Specific Practice; Home Programs; Joint Attention; Mental Health Interventions; occupational therapy after toxin; Kinesiotape; Pain Management; Parent Education; PECS; Positioning; Pressure Care; Social Skills Training; Treadmill Training and Weight Loss 'Mighty Moves'. Conclusion Evidence supports 40 intervention indications, with the greatest number at the activities-level of the International Classification of Function. Yellow light interventions should be accompanied by a sensitive outcome measure to monitor progress and red light interventions could be discontinued because effective alternatives existed.
122 citations
Cites background from "Participation, both a means and an ..."
...individual factors, contextual factors, the nature of the participation activity and the environment in which the activity is being performed (Imms et al., 2017)....
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TL;DR: It is aimed to identify measures used to assess the participation of disabled children and to map the measures’ content to the family of participation‐related constructs (fPRC) to inform future research and practice.
Abstract: Aim We aimed to identify measures used to assess the participation of disabled children and to map the measures' content to the family of participation-related constructs (fPRC) to inform future research and practice. Method Six databases were searched to identify measures used to assess participation in health, psychology, and education research. Included studies involved children aged 0 to 18 years with a permanent impairment or developmental disability and reported use of a quantitative measure of participation. A second search sought relevant literature about each identified measure (including published manuals) to allow a comprehensive understanding of the measure. Measurement constructs of frequently reported measures were then mapped to the fPRC. Results From an initial yield of 32 767 articles, 578 reported one or more of 118 participation measures. Of these, 51 measures were reported in more than one article (our criterion) and were therefore eligible for mapping to the fPRC. Twenty-one measures quantified aspects of participation attendance, 10 quantified aspects of involvement as discrete scales, and four quantified attendance and involvement in a manner that could not be separated. Interpretation Improved understanding of participation and its related constructs is developing rapidly; thoughtful selection of measures in research is critical to further our knowledge base. What this paper adds The fPRC can support our rapidly evolving and expanding understanding of participation. Instruments selected to measure participation do not always align with emerging concepts. Matching research aims to a chosen measure's content will improve understanding of participation. Opportunities exist to develop validated participation measures, especially self-reported measures of involvement.
82 citations
Cites background or methods from "Participation, both a means and an ..."
...After a content analysis of research notions about participation, the family of participation-related constructs (fPRC) was developed and published.(2,3) This model provides a nuanced understanding of participation and can be used to describe the relationships among what we see as important intrinsic and extrinsic factors that can both be influenced by past participation and influence future participation....
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...This table has been directly modified from the work of Imms et al.(3) From Batorowicz et al....
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...Activity competence can be measured as capacity, capability, or performed skill Sense of self Intrapersonal factors related to confidence, satisfaction, self-esteem, and self-determination Preferences The interests or activities that hold meaning or are valued Context Setting for activity participation that includes people, place, activity, objects, and timea Environment Broad, objective social and physical structures in which we live Other Refers to other concepts that are discussed/considered as part of the measure aside from those listed here This table has been directly modified from the work of Imms et al.3 aFrom Batorowicz et al.51 1104 Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2018, 60: 1101–1116 are, however, provided for completeness of results....
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...For this reason, the involvement construct is embedded within the attendance dimension.(2,3) Although it may assist with how we understand participation, embedding the two constructs poses measurement challenges: should the measure of involvement always include an attendance element, or be distinct? Measurement principles would argue that separation of constructs is likely to result in more reliable measures with less chance that different raters will respond to different elements within a combined construct....
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...In addition, the fPRC describes the context and broader environment in which participation occurs as being integral to the transactional processes that occur over time.(2,3) In the past, researchers reviewing participation measures have mapped measurement tools to the domains of the ICF(5) or have used the definition of participation as described by the ICF to identify measures of participation....
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References
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"Participation, both a means and an ..." refers background in this paper
...These intrapersonal factors facilitate participation by helping the person engage, but are also shaped by participation and associated perceptions of control, effectiveness, or flow.(35) These intrapersonal factors can be seen as a family of constructs focused on perceptions of self, such as autonomy, optimism, self-determination, and self-esteem....
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TL;DR: This review considers research from both perspectives concerning the nature of well-being, its antecedents, and its stability across time and culture.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract Well-being is a complex construct that concerns optimal experience and functioning. Current research on well-being has been derived from two general perspectives: the hedonic approach, which focuses on happiness and defines well-being in terms of pleasure attainment and pain avoidance; and the eudaimonic approach, which focuses on meaning and self-realization and defines well-being in terms of the degree to which a person is fully functioning. These two views have given rise to different research foci and a body of knowledge that is in some areas divergent and in others complementary. New methodological developments concerning multilevel modeling and construct comparisons are also allowing researchers to formulate new questions for the field. This review considers research from both perspectives concerning the nature of well-being, its antecedents, and its stability across time and culture.
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TL;DR: The concept of school engagement has attracted increasing attention as representing a possible antidote to declining academic motivation and achievement as mentioned in this paper, and it is presumed to be malleable, responsive to contextual features, and amenable to environmental change.
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