Particle swarm optimization based sliding mode controllers for electric vehicle onboard charger
TL;DR: Experiments show that optimization-based SMC contributes to the overall dynamic performance of the onboard battery charger.
About: This article is published in Computers & Electrical Engineering.The article was published on 2021-12-01. It has received 5 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Battery charger & Electric vehicle.
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors present a survey of bidirectional buck-boost DC-DC converters, and control schemes are carried out on two aspects, one is from topology perspective and another one is on control schemes.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a sliding mode controller (SMC) for bidirectional HERIC converter is proposed to enhance the tracking performance. But, the performance of the proposed controller is limited due to the low voltage ripples in the DC side.
Abstract: Abstract Transformerless power converters are trending in automotive sector as the demand for onboard chargers rises. The high efficiency and leakage current mitigating property of highly efficient and reliable inverter concept (HERIC) converter make it an excellent choice among transformerless topologies. By using appropriate modulation technique, the HERIC converter can transmit bidirectional power. This article presents design of sliding mode controller (SMC) for bidirectional HERIC converter to enhance the tracking performance. The SMC parameters are selected utilizing Harris hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm. During vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation, sliding mode controller is developed for reactive power regulation of the grid connected HERIC converter and for grid-to-vehicle (G2V) operation, the converter is operated with very low voltage ripples in the DC side. The stability analysis is done by considering model uncertainties to guarantee sinusoidal grid current, low THD, and unity power factor even in the presence of grid disturbances and parametric variations. The Typhoon Hardware in the Loop (HIL) 402 device is used to execute the real-time testing. The results confirmed the efficacy and robustness of the designed controller under different scenarios for both modes of operation.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present a survey of bidirectional buck-boost DC-DC converters, and control schemes are carried out on two aspects, one is from topology perspective and another one is on control schemes.
TL;DR: In this paper , a Lypunov-based Adaptive Backstepping Control (ABSC) approach is designed for a power Buck converter, which uses Lyapunov stability function to reach a higher stability and a better disturbance rejection behavior in the practical applications.
Abstract: A Lypunov-based Adaptive Backstepping Control (ABSC) approach is designed for a power Buck converter. This strategy is an advanced version of the Backstepping method utilising Lyapunov stability function to reach a higher stability and a better disturbance rejection behaviour in the practical applications. In addition, to reduce the computational burden and increase ease of implantation, Black-box technique is considered assuming no accurate mathematical model for the system. Nonetheless, in real-time environments, disturbances with wider ranges including: supply voltage variation, parametric variation, and noise can negatively impact the operation of this method. To compensate for this problem, the gains of the controller should be tuned again for better adaptability with the working condition. Therefore, to satisfy this need and enhance the controller's performance, a metaheuristic algorithm is applied in the control scheme called Grey Wolf Optimisation (GWO) algorithm. GWO is a well-behaved nature-inspired algorithm with faster decision-making dynamics along with more accuracy over different optimisation algorithms. To better elaborate the merits of this approach, conventional BSM and PSO-based PID schemes are also designed and tested in different situations.
TL;DR: In this article , a proportional integral controller based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is implemented in this simulation to optimize the speed of BLDC motor by obtaining an optimized parameter of Kp and Ki.
Abstract: In recent years, the topic of reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission has become one of the major focuses on the automotive industry leading toward the development of electric vehicles to create awareness of environmental protection. Thus, the development of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), and fully electrical vehicle (EV) has started growing up to replace the gasoline car, which is fully depends on fuel to operate, to help fight against the world climate change issues. This research is mainly focused on solving the problem of charging period of traditional used batteries pack, energy storage system of EV, and the limitation on travel distance for EV with the use of batteries pack as an energy source. The proportional-integral (PI) controller based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is implemented in this simulation to optimize the speed of BLDC motor by obtaining an optimized parameter of Kp and Ki. The MATLAB/Simulink software is used for graphical modelling, simulating, and analyzing the behavior of supercapacitor in various condition. The simulation results represent the proposed PSO-based energy management method can achieve greater energy efficiency as compared to the traditional method. All in all, moving forward in developing a fully electric buses or vehicles can bring society into a new generation of zero greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, the optimization of the PI controller based on PSO algorithm is applied and the results show that there is an increment of 6% in total distance traveled by the EV. Besides, there is the 3.69% of improvement for maximum speed and peak to peak speed of the EV and 14.57% of improvement in terms of average speed of EV within the total travel duration of 1300 s.
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Book•
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: This comprehensive treatment of the analysis and design of continuous-time control systems provides a gradual development of control theory and shows how to solve all computational problems with MATLAB.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
This comprehensive treatment of the analysis and design of continuous-time control systems provides a gradual development of control theoryand shows how to solve all computational problems with MATLAB. It avoids highly mathematical arguments, and features an abundance of examples and worked problems throughout the book. Chapter topics include the Laplace transform; mathematical modeling of mechanical systems, electrical systems, fluid systems, and thermal systems; transient and steady-state-response analyses, root-locus analysis and control systems design by the root-locus method; frequency-response analysis and control systems design by the frequency-response; two-degrees-of-freedom control; state space analysis of control systems and design of control systems in state space.
6,634 citations
Book•
31 Jul 1997
TL;DR: Converters in Equilibrium, Steady-State Equivalent Circuit Modeling, Losses, and Efficiency, and Power and Harmonics in Nonsinusoidal Systems.
Abstract: Preface. 1. Introduction. I: Converters in Equilibrium. 2. Principles of Steady State Converter Analysis. 3. Steady-State Equivalent Circuit Modeling, Losses, and Efficiency. 4. Switch Realization. 5. The Discontinuous Conduction Mode. 6. Converter Circuits. II: Converter Dynamics and Control. 7. AC Equivalent Circuit Modeling. 8. Converter Transfer Functions. 9. Controller Design. 10. Input Filter Design. 11. AC and DC Equivalent Circuit Modeling of the Discontinuous Conduction Mode. 12. Current Programmed Control. III: Magnetics. 13. Basic Magnetics Theory. 14. Inductor Design. 15. Transformer Design. IV: Modern Rectifiers and Power System Harmonics. 16. Power and Harmonics in Nonsinusoidal Systems. 17. Line-Commutated Rectifiers. 18. Pulse-Width Modulated Rectifiers. V: Resonant Converters. 19. Resonant Conversion. 20. Soft Switching. Appendices: A. RMS Values of Commonly-Observed Converter Waveforms. B. Simulation of Converters. C. Middlebrook's Extra Element Theorem. D. Magnetics Design Tables. Index.
6,136 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a design method that makes it possible to implement the CC/CV mode charge with minimum frequency variation during the entire charge process by using the load-independent characteristics of an IPT system under the zero phase angle (ZPA) condition without any additional switches.
Abstract: When compared to plugged-in chargers, inductive power transfer (IPT) methods for electric vehicle (EV) battery chargers have several benefits, such as greater convenience and higher safety. In an EV, the battery is an indispensable component, and lithium-ion batteries are identified as the most competitive candidate to be used in EVs due to their high power density, long cycle life, and better safety. In order to charge lithium-ion batteries, constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) is often adopted for high-efficiency charging and sufficient protection. However, it is not easy to design an IPT battery charger that can charge the batteries with a CC/CV charge due to the wide range of load variations, because it requires a wide range of variation in its operating frequency, duty, or phase-shift. Furthermore, zero phase angle (ZPA) condition for the primary inverter cannot be achieved over the entire charge process without the help of additional switches and related driver circuits to transform the topology. This paper proposes a design method that makes it possible to implement the CC/CV mode charge with minimum frequency variation during the entire charge process by using the load-independent characteristics of an IPT system under the ZPA condition without any additional switches. A theoretical analysis is presented to provide the appropriate procedure to design the double-sided LCC compensation tank which can achieve both CC and CV mode charge under ZPA condition at two different resonant frequencies. As a consequence, the proposed method is advantageous in that the efficiency of compensation tank is very high due to achieving the perfect resonant operation during the entire charge process. A 6.6-kW prototype charger has been implemented to demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method. A maximum efficiency of 96.1% has been achieved with a 200-mm airgap at 6.6 kW during the CC mode charge.
262 citations
TL;DR: It is shown, that direct voltage control for a boost converter results in unstable zero dynamics and chattering suppression based on harmonic cancellation principle along with switching frequency control is demonstrated.
Abstract: Sliding mode control algorithms for buck and boost power converters are surveyed in the paper. Current and voltage controls are demonstrated for the both cases. It is shown, that direct voltage control for a boost converter results in unstable zero dynamics. Chattering suppression based on harmonic cancellation principle along with switching frequency control is demonstrated.
198 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a thorough review on power DC/DC converters with MPPT algorithm is presented, and the design and optimization of different parameters are addressed systematically, while future challenges and focusing trends are briefly described.
Abstract: Over the last few decennia, power DC/DC converters have been the subject of great interest due to its extensive increment of utilization in different applications. A thorough review on recent developed power DC/DC converters is presented in this paper. The study is focused on the topologies in different applications such as renewable energy, automobile, high-voltage and medium-voltage DC power systems, telecommunication, etc. In addition, an overview of the modulation techniques, the state-of-the-art of control strategies of well-established converters are discussed. Photovoltaic (PV) systems as the noticeable renewable energy resources generally suffer from poor conversion efficiency with instability and intermittent characteristics. Therefore, DC/DC converter with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is essential to ensure maximum available power harnessed from the PV. Important features of DC/DC converters with MPPT are also figured with various performances. Furthermore, the design and optimization of different parameters are addressed systematically. Finally, the researcher’s future challenges and focusing trends are briefly described. For the next-generation converters design and applications, these are considered in details, and will provide useful framework and point of references.
193 citations