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Journal ArticleDOI

Passive control of floating offshore wind turbine nacelle and spar vibrations by multiple tuned mass dampers

01 Jan 2015-Structural Control & Health Monitoring (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd)-Vol. 22, Iss: 1, pp 152-176
TL;DR: In this article, the use of single and multiple tuned mass dampers (TMDs) for passive control of edgewise vibrations of nacelle/tower and spar of spar-type floating wind turbines (S-FOWTs) is investigated.
Abstract: SUMMARY This paper investigates the use of single and multiple tuned mass dampers (TMDs) for passive control of edgewise vibrations of nacelle/tower and spar of spar-type floating wind turbines (S-FOWTs). Uncontrolled and controlled mathematical models of the S-FOWT are developed by using Euler-Lagrangian energy formulations. In these models, the aerodynamic properties of the blade, variable mass and stiffness, gravity, the interactions among the blades, nacelle, spar and mooring system, the hydrodynamic effects, the restoring moment, and the buoyancy force are considered. The vibrations of the blades, nacelle, tower, and spar are coupled in all degrees of freedom and in all inertial, dissipative, and elastic components. In the controlled model, several set of horizontal TMDs are placed in the spar at various depths and the coupling of these TMDs with the nacelle and spar motions is considered. The control effectiveness is evaluated by the reduction of the root-mean-square and maximum response. The control feasibility is examined by using the spar sinking and the TMD maximum strokes. The investigations using nonlinear time–domain simulation show that a single TMD can reduce up to 40% of the nacelle sway displacement and the spar roll, and that the reduction observed with multiple TMDs is 50%. The influence of the spar TMD is more significant than that of the nacelle TMD. The spar TMDs are less effective when their positions are lower. In all the cases studied, good heave performance of the S-FOWT is maintained. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The review clearly demonstrates that the TMDs have a potential for improving the wind and seismic behaviors of prototype civil structures and shows that the MTMDs and d-MTMDs are relatively more effective and robust, as reported.

263 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an ample review on performance enhancement of the wind turbines by vibration mitigation and assess the performance of different control policies to control the system input and power input of damping devices.
Abstract: Renewable energy becomes an asset to the world׳s energy resource for its eco-friendly and low cost energy production feature. As an important renewable energy source, wind turbine technology has become a significant contributor to the world energy production because of its feasible production cost, reliability and efficiency. Researchers are very active to optimize the effectiveness of wind turbines which may lead to increase the productivity of this source of energy. Vibration in the wind turbine system affects the productivity and thus reduces efficiency. Vibration of a system cannot be destroyed but can be reduced or converted to energy using appropriate strategies. Vibration control system improves structural response of wind turbines and reliability which has impact on lifetime of the components. Lowering the vibration amplitude of a system will provide a lesser amount of noise, assure user and operating comport, maintain the high performance and production efficiency. These will assist the system to prolong the lifetime of an industrial structure or machinery. Also vibration control enhances the performance of wind turbines providing suitable work environment without external disturbance. This paper presents an ample review on performance enhancement of the wind turbines by vibration mitigation. The aim of this review is to provide a concise point for researchers to assess the current trend to control vibration of wind turbines technology. This paper will focus on main vibration control techniques of wind turbine structures. It provides the applications of passive, active and semi-active and vibration control strategies for structures, especially for wind turbines. Besides, this paper reviews on damping devices needed for vibration mitigation of structures. These damping devices have been implemented extensively in wind turbines for increasing their efficiency by mitigating vibration. This paper also reviews and assesses the performance of different control policies to control the system input and power input of damping devices.

91 citations


Cites methods from "Passive control of floating offshor..."

  • ...The use of MTMD was also investigated for mitigation of edgewise vibration of tower/nacelle and spar of spartype floating wind turbine [78]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the current vibration control techniques and their applications for wind turbines can be found in this article, where the vibration mitigation of wind turbines is discussed in detail, and it is concluded that vibration mitigation is very challenging due to the fact that wind turbines are very complicated, which are associated with the aerodynamics, rotation of the blades, interaction between the tower and rotating blades, and soil-structure interaction, etc.
Abstract: Wind energy as one of the renewable energies is serving as an indispensable role in generating new electric power. The worldwide installation of wind farms has considerably increased recently. To extract more wind resources, multi-megawatt wind turbines are usually designed and constructed with large rotors and slender tower. These flexible structures are susceptible to external dynamic excitations such as wind, wave and seismic loads. The excessive vibrations can compromise the wind energy conversion, lead to the structural fatigue damage and even result in the catastrophic failure of wind turbines in harsh environmental conditions. Various control devices have been proposed and used to mitigate the unwanted vibrations of wind turbines to enhance their safety and serviceability. This paper aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of the current vibration control techniques and their applications to wind turbines. Firstly, the widely used control strategies in engineering structures are briefly introduced. Their applications to suppress the adverse vibrations of the structural components of wind turbines, mainly the tower and blades, are then reviewed and discussed in detail. It can be concluded that the vibration mitigation of wind turbines is very challenging due to the fact that the dynamic behaviours of wind turbines are very complicated, which are associated with the aerodynamics, rotation of the blades, interaction between the tower and rotating blades, and soil-structure interaction, etc. Moreover, it is a challenge to straightforwardly use many of the conventional control devices because of the limited spaces in the tower and blades.

82 citations


Cites result from "Passive control of floating offshor..."

  • ...[34] might be more practical since the mass of each TMD is much smaller compared to the STMD....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an active tuned mass dampers (ATMD) was incorporated into the tower of a wind turbine to increase the reliability of the tower responses to wind loading. But, the effect of the active controller on the tower performance was not evaluated.

71 citations

References
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ReportDOI
01 Feb 2009
TL;DR: In this article, a three-bladed, upwind, variable speed, variable blade-pitch-to-feather-controlled multimegawatt wind turbine model developed by NREL to support concept studies aimed at assessing offshore wind technology is described.
Abstract: This report describes a three-bladed, upwind, variable-speed, variable blade-pitch-to-feather-controlled multimegawatt wind turbine model developed by NREL to support concept studies aimed at assessing offshore wind technology.

4,194 citations


"Passive control of floating offshor..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...The aerodynamic, blade, hub, and nacelle properties of the NREL 5-MW baseline HAWT [39] are used with R=61.5m, the cut-in and rated rotor speeds as 6.9 and 12.1 rpm, respectively....

    [...]

  • ...The aerodynamic, blade, hub, and nacelle properties of the NREL 5-MW baseline HAWT [39] are used with R=61....

    [...]

Book
25 Oct 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, linear-wave induced motions and loads on floating structures were modeled as Second-order nonlinear problems. But the authors did not consider the effects of the wind and current on the floating structures.
Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. Sea environment 3. Linear-wave induced motions and loads on floating structures 4. Numerical methods for linear-wave induced motions and loads 5. Second-order non-linear problems 6. Current and wind loads 7. Viscous wave loads and damping 8. Stationkeeping 9. Water impact and entry References Index.

1,976 citations


"Passive control of floating offshor..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The surface elevation η can be expressed as [27]...

    [...]

  • ...As the spar center of buoyancy B is always above its center of gravity G, the downward distance from MWL to the center of buoyancy is hB 1⁄4 hG BG: (33) The magnitude of the buoyancy force acting on the spar is Fbuoy 1⁄4 ρwgVs: (34) The vertical restoring coefficient is [27] K V 1⁄4 ρwgAs0: (35) After evaluating the meta-centric height, the roll restoring coefficient is obtained as...

    [...]

  • ...0 for circular cylinder [27], and D(zi) is the spar diameter at the discrete depth zi....

    [...]

  • ...The simulation formulas for fluid velocity and acceleration in infinite water depth [27] can be extended to the more general case of finite water depth....

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  • ...The wave energy drops off more slowly for larger frequencies than for small frequencies [27]....

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Book
01 Jan 1981

1,210 citations


"Passive control of floating offshor..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The parameters ωj and kj are related by the exact linear dispersion relationship kj tanh kjH 1⁄4 ω(2)j =g for any water depth H [34]....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the recent and rapid developments in semi-active structural control and its implementation in full-scale structures, and present an alternative to active and hybrid control for structural vibration reduction.
Abstract: In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to research and development of structural control devices, with particular emphasis on alleviation of wind and seismic response of buildings and bridges. In both areas, serious efforts have been undertaken in the last two decades to develop the structural control concept into a workable technology. Full-scale implementation of active control systems have been accomplished in several structures, mainly in Japan; however, cost effectiveness and reliability considerations have limited their wide spread acceptance. Because of their mechanical simplicity, low power requirements, and large, controllable force capacity, semiactive systems provide an attractive alternative to active and hybrid control systems for structural vibration reduction. In this paper we review the recent and rapid developments in semiactive structural control and its implementation in full-scale structures.

1,179 citations

01 Jan 2005

1,171 citations


"Passive control of floating offshor..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Recently, a new simulation tool was developed with the capability to model passive, semi-active, and active structural control systems in wind turbines including FOWTs [13] where two independent, single DOF TMDs were incorporated into a modified version of the aero-elastic code FAST [14]....

    [...]

  • ...The TMDs are located in the nacelle, their equations of motion are incorporated into the source code of FAST and the stiffness, damping, and commanded force of each TMD are controllable through the FAST-Simulink interface....

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