It is demonstrated that passive Facebook usage undermines affective well-being, and this issue is examined using experimental and field methods.
Abstract:
Prior research indicates that Facebook usage predicts declines in subjective well-being over time. How does this come about? We examined this issue in 2 studies using experimental and field methods. In Study 1, cueing people in the laboratory to use Facebook passively (rather than actively) led to declines in affective well-being over time. Study 2 replicated these findings in the field using experience-sampling techniques. It also demonstrated how passive Facebook usage leads to declines in affective well-being: by increasing envy. Critically, the relationship between passive Facebook usage and changes in affective well-being remained significant when controlling for active Facebook use, non-Facebook online social network usage, and direct social interactions, highlighting the specificity of this result. These findings demonstrate that passive Facebook usage undermines affective well-being.
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TL;DR: The difficulties inherent in obtaining consistent and adequate diagnoses for the purposes of research and therapy have been pointed out and a wide variety of psychiatric rating scales have been developed.
TL;DR: For instance, in the case of an individual in the presence of others, it can be seen as a form of involuntary expressive behavior as discussed by the authors, where the individual will have to act so that he intentionally or unintentionally expresses himself, and the others will in turn have to be impressed in some way by him.
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Q1. What are the contributions mentioned in the paper "Passive facebook usage undermines affective well-being: experimental and longitudinal evidence" ?
The authors examined this issue in 2 studies using experimental and field methods.
Q2. What future works have the authors mentioned in the paper "Passive facebook usage undermines affective well-being: experimental and longitudinal evidence" ?
A key challenge for future research is to identify when ( and why ) interacting with this technology leads to positive versus negative socioemotional outcomes. Together, these results suggest that passive Facebook usage predicts substantive declines in subjective well-being in both the lab and in daily life. First, a growing literature suggests that Facebook ( and social network sites more generally ) have addictive properties ( Ryan, Chester, Reece, & Xenos, 2014 ).
Q3. How many observations were used for the nonlagged analysis?
For the nonlagged analysis 2,084 observations were used whereas for the lagged analysis only 1,609 observations were entered into the analysis (because between-day lags were excluded).
Q4. What was the effect of the last text message on the participants’ well-being?
When noncompliant cases were observed, the authors used participants’ responses to the last text message they answered to maximize power when examining the lagged effect of type of Facebook usage on well-being.
Q5. What other social interaction variables were not significantly related to affective well-being?
Passive Facebook usage also remained a significant predictor of changes in affective well-being when controlling for the other social interaction variables the authors assessed: non-Facebook online social network usage, active Facebook use and direct social interaction.
Q6. What is the key challenge for future research?
A key challenge for future research is to identify when (and why) interacting with this technology leads to positive versus negative socioemotional outcomes.
Q7. How many participants were aware of the study hypotheses?
Eight participants (three in the active condition, five in the passive condition) were aware of the study hypotheses and were thus excluded from all analyses on a priori grounds leaving 67 participants (34 in the active and 33 in the passive condition).
Q8. What did the authors find out about the effect of type of Facebook on people’s happiness?
In Study 1, the authors did not observe an effect of type of Facebook usage on people’s tendency to view their life as worse off than others, which the authors thought would exacerbate envy and lead to emotional declines.
Q9. What is the effect of a delay on affect?
These findings, in conjunction with the absence of an immediate effect of manipulating Facebook usage on affect in Study 1, suggest that although some delay is necessary for passive Facebook usage to influence affect, the exact duration of this delay is less important.