PC-based training system for clinical use of a lung ventilator.
01 Jan 1990-Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing (Int J Clin Monit Comput)-Vol. 7, Iss: 1, pp 15-19
TL;DR: The intention of this work was to create a simple instrument for training in the operation of a lung ventilators and the understanding and interpretation of the lung-mechanical relationships between the flow and pressure curves produced by a ventilator in a patient’s lung.
Abstract: The intention of this work was to create a simple instrument for training in the operation of a lung ventilator and the understanding and interpretation of the lung-mechanical relationships between the flow and pressure curves produced by a ventilator in a patient’s lung. The task was solved in a pragmatical way by storing respiratory curves in an ‘acquisition’ phase and reproducing them in the later ‘simulation’ phase. The user can choose the following parameters: type of ventilation (flow control, pressure control, SIMV), inspiratory minute volume, inspiratory pressure, respiratory rate, percentage inspiratory time and PEEP.
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TL;DR: Some of the current simulation-based education techniques related to cardiovascular and thoracic anesthesiology and some of the applicable educational theory and the expected future uses of simulation modalities in healthcare education, testing, and practice are described.
Abstract: Simulation has been used for medical teaching and testing for at least four decades in some form, such as that used for cardiopulmonary resuscitation training; however, new technology applied to medical and procedural training has recently led to a marked increase in the use of simulation-based instruction. Educational theory has further supported simulation for medical education and procedural training. Simulation-based testing to demonstrate competence with new procedures is already required by the US Food and Drug Administration for one angiographically-placed device, and it is likely that simulation-based credentialing for procedures will be increasingly prevalent. Anesthesiologists, like other physicians, may be credentialed or certified based on their performance in a simulated environment in the future. This review describes some of the current simulation-based education techniques related to cardiovascular and thoracic anesthesiology. Additional discussion covers some of the applicable educational theory and the expected future uses of simulation modalities in healthcare education, testing, and practice.
23 citations
TL;DR: An interactive simulation system that demonstrates the dynamics of pressure and flow in the respiratory system under the combination of spontaneous breathing, ventilation modes, and ventilator options is developed to be used by unexperienced health care professionals as a self-training tool.
Abstract: Objective. To develop an interactive simulation system “virtual ventilator” that demonstrates the dynamics of pressure and flow in the respiratory system under the combination of spontaneous breathing, ventilation modes, and ventilator options. The simulation system was designed to be used by unexperienced health care professionals as a self-training tool. Methods. The system consists of a simulation controller and three modules: respiratory, spontaneous breath, and ventilator. The respiratory module models the respiratory system by three resistances representing the main airway, the right and left lungs, and two compliances also representing the right and left lungs. The spontaneous breath module generates inspiratory negative pressure produced by a patient. The ventilator module generates driving force of pressure or flow according to the combination of the ventilation mode and options. These forces are given to the respiratory module through the simulation controller. Results. The simulation system was developed using HTML, VBScript (3000 lines, 100 kB) and ActiveX control (120 kB), and runs on Internet Explorer (5.5 or higher). The spontaneous breath is defined by a frequency, amplitude and inspiratory patterns in the spontaneous breath module. The user can construct a ventilation mode by setting a control variable, phase variables (trigger, limit, and cycle), and options. Available ventilation modes are: controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV), continuous positive airway pressure, synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV), pressure support ventilation (PSV), SIMV + PSV, pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV), pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC), proportional assisted ventilation, mandatory minute ventilation (MMV), bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP). The simulation system demonstrates in a graph and animation the airway pressure, flow, and volume of the respiratory system during mechanical ventilation both with and without spontaneous breathing. Conclusions. We developed a web application that demonstrated the respiratory mechanics and the basic theory of ventilation mode.
9 citations
Cites background from "PC-based training system for clinic..."
...Respiratory models have proved to be excellent instruments for scientific investigation and for computing complex relations among many objects, but they are not suited to interactive studies of parameters with quick changes of the input conditions [17]....
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Book•
31 Jul 1977
TL;DR: This book has a limited scope owing to its specialist nature but is easily readable and provides a good update to either the specialist or the clinician wishing to know more of the myocardial biopsy technique and the cardiomyopathies.
Abstract: Cardiomyopathy and Myocardial Biopsy Edited by M. KALTENBACH, F. LOOGEN & E. G. J. OLSEN. Pp. 337, illustrated. Berlin, Heidelberg and New York: Springer-Verlag, 1978. Price not given. The aim of this book is to give an up to date account of recent developments in the field of cardiomyopathy. This is particularly orientated to the use of endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with cardiomyopathy. Many of the authors come from Germany, although there are a few outside contributors, either from America or England. The greatest emphasis in this book is on the use of myocardial biopsy and the analysis of small pieces of myocardial tissue thus obtained in the diagnosis and prognosis of the cardiomyopathies. Correspondingly, it is of particular interest to the morbid anatomist, and a large number of light microscopy and electron microscopy figures are illustrated. Most chapters take the format of a standard scientific paper with a reference section at the end. There are some chapters devoted to experimental cardiomyopathies. The hypertrophic and congestive cardiomyopathies are particularly emphasized in this book and little emphasis is made on any of the other forms of cardiomyopathy, e.g. restrictive, constrictive, hypertrophic and non-obstructive. This book has a limited scope for readership, being particularly beneficial to the cardiologist interested in cardiomyopathy or the cardiac pathologist. It suffers from a slightly parochial view in being mainly German in authorship and would have had a wider field of application if contributions had been obtained from a more international pool. It provides a good update to the clinician particularly interested in this problem, although it has to be stated that there are no sections dealing with sub-cellular enzyme analysis or myocardial substrate analysis which would appear to be the most worthwhile fields for analysis of myocardial biopsy specimens. This book has a limited scope owing to its specialist nature but is easily readable and provides a good update to either the specialist or the clinician wishing to know more of the myocardial biopsy technique and the cardiomyopathies.
73 citations
TL;DR: A model of the control of the respiratory cycle pattern is presented in which the airflow shape is determined by a dynamic optimization problem, and successfully predicts various patterns of spontaneous breathing during both inspiration and expiration.
Abstract: A model of the control of the respiratory cycle pattern is presented in which the airflow shape is determined by a dynamic optimization problem. The inspiratory and expiratory phases have different performance criteria both of which are related to the oxygen cost of breathing, and to the minimization of tissue damage and control difficulties. The model successfully predicts various patterns of spontaneous breathing during both inspiration and expiration. The effects of applying elastic and resistive loads to the respiratory system can also be predicted. The model performance is in good agreement with the experimental observation that increasing resistance makes the airflow patterns more rectangular.
35 citations