Journal Article•
Pcr–rflp of isolated salmonella from poultry with sau3ai and hhai restriction endonucleases in arak
01 Jun 2013-International Journal of Molecular and Clinical Microbiology (Islamic Azad University- Tonekabon Branch)-Vol. 3, Iss: 1, pp 255-260
About: This article is published in International Journal of Molecular and Clinical Microbiology.The article was published on 2013-06-01 and is currently open access. It has received 2 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Restriction fragment length polymorphism & Restriction enzyme.
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TL;DR: The results suggested that the PFGE subtyping is the prominent method for the evaluation and benchmarking of molecular subtyped in food-poisoning outbreaks.
Abstract: Currently, Salmonella enterica is the most common bacterial foodborne pathogen, causing serious extraintestinal disease. Typing methods play an important role on pathogens’ source tracking, knowing...
2 citations
Cites methods from "Pcr–rflp of isolated salmonella fro..."
...Although the RFLP system is easy to perform, inexpensive and rapid [9,10], the analysis using single...
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23 Sep 2020
TL;DR: All the strains were found to share identical molecular base profiles hence are genetically related variants and the selective pressure due to antibiotic mismanagement in Poultry farming is the likely trigger of ESBL production observed to occur only among the S. Typhimurium strains from poultry origin.
Abstract: Multidrug resistant salmonellosis infection is an important global public health problem particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where it commonly manifests as gastroenteritis and/or bloodstream infections in both children and adults. Salmonella Typhimurium has a broad-host-range and poultry birds are an important reservoir. The unrestricted use of Beta-lactams has generated resistance through a gene encoded Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzyme production, which impedes the successful therapy of infections. This study aims at investigating the genetic relatedness of ESBL and non-ESBL S. Typhimurium strains isolated from humans and Poultry birds. A total of 19 S. Typhimurium isolated from Poultry (droppings, flesh, feeds) and handlers (feces, hand swabs) in a previous study were used. These had earlier been identified using pre-enrichment and selective enrichment culture media. Further identification was carried out using conventional biochemical screening tests and slide serology tests using polyvalent antisera. Antibiotic susceptibility testing including the Double Disk Synergy test (DDST) for screening of ESBL production was carried out as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. This study also employed the PCR-RFLP method which involves the simple restriction digestion of purified 16S rRNA of Salmonella and variation in the banding patterns revealed their genetic relatedness. All the strains were found to share identical molecular base profiles hence are genetically related variants. The selective pressure due to antibiotic mismanagement in Poultry farming is the likely trigger of ESBL production observed to occur only among the S. Typhimurium strains from poultry origin. This calls for a holistic approach in
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References
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TL;DR: In all regions throughout the study period, with the exception of the Oceania and North American regions, Salmonella serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium ranked as the most common and second most common serovar, respectively.
Abstract: Salmonella enterica is commonly acquired from contaminated food and is an important cause of illness worldwide. Interventions are needed to control Salmonella; subtyping Salmonella by serotyping is useful for targeting such interventions. We, therefore, analyzed the global distribution of the 15 most frequently identified serovars of Salmonella isolated from humans from 2001 to 2007 in laboratories from 37 countries that participated in World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network and demonstrated serotyping proficiency in the Global Foodborne Infections Network External Quality Assurance System. In all regions throughout the study period, with the exception of the Oceania and North American regions, Salmonella serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium ranked as the most common and second most common serovar, respectively. In the North American and Oceania (Australia and New Zealand) regions, Salmonella serovar Typhimurium was the most common serovar reported, and Salmonella serovar E...
575 citations
"Pcr–rflp of isolated salmonella fro..." refers background in this paper
...Nontyphoidal salmonella (NTS) are of the major cause of food-borne illness and commonly cause self-limiting gastroenteritis, worldwide (Hendriksen et al., 2011)....
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...self-limiting gastroenteritis, worldwide (Hendriksen et al., 2011)....
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TL;DR: It is hoped that an appreciation of the differences that exist in the way these host-adapted serotypes of Salmonella interact with the host will lead to a greater understanding of the complex host–parasite relationship that characterizes salmonella infections.
Abstract: Salmonella constitutes a genus of zoonotic bacteria of worldwide economic and health importance. The current view of salmonella taxonomy assigns the members of this genus to two species: S. enterica and S. bongori. S. enterica itself is divided into six subspecies, enterica , salamae , arizonae , diarizonae , indica , and houtenae , also known as subspecies I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IV, and VI, respectively. Members of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica are mainly associated with warm-blooded vertebrates and are usually transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated by infected faeces. The pathogenicity of most of the distinct serotypes remains undefined, and even within the most common serotypes, many questions remain to be answered regarding the interactions between the organism and the infected host.
Salmonellosis manifests itself in three major forms: enteritis, septicaemia, and abortion, each of which may be present singly or in combination, depending on both the serotype and the host involved. Although currently over 2300 serovars of Salmonella are recognized, only about 50 serotypes are isolated in any significant numbers as human or animal pathogens and they all belong to subspecies enterica . Of these, most cause acute gastroenteritis characterized by a short incubation period and a severe systemic disease in man or animals, characterized by septicaemia, fever and/or abortion, and such serotypes are often associated with one or few host species.
It is the intention of this review to present a summary of current knowledge of these host-adapted serotypes of S. enterica . The taxonomic relationships between the serotypes will be discussed together with a comparison of the pathology and pathogenesis of the disease that they cause in their natural host(s). Since much of our knowledge on salmonellosis is based on the results of work on Typhimurium, this serotype will often be used as the baseline in discussion. It is hoped that an appreciation of the differences that exist in the way these serotypes interact with the host will lead to a greater understanding of the complex host–parasite relationship that characterizes salmonella infections.
459 citations
"Pcr–rflp of isolated salmonella fro..." refers background in this paper
...Fruits and shellfish have also been implicated as sources of Salmonella (Uzzau et al., 2000)....
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TL;DR: S. typhimurium flagellin is the major molecular trigger by which this pathogen activates gut epithelial proinflammatory gene expression, and this response could be largely recapitulated by basolateral addition of purified flageLLin.
Abstract: The gastroenteritis-causing pathogen Salmonella typhimurium induces profound transcriptional changes in intestinal epithelia resulting in the recruitment of neutrophils whose presence is the histopathologic hallmark of salmonellosis Here we used cDNA microarray expression profiling to define the molecular determinants that mediate such changes in model intestinal epithelia Enteropathogenic Salmonella induced a classical proinflammatory gene expression program similar to that activated by the canonical proinflammatory agonist TNF-α Nonproinflammatory bacteria, both commensals ( Escherichia coli ) and systemic pathogens ( S typhi ), did not activate this expression profile While S typhimurium strains lacking the SPI-1-encoded type III system were fully proinflammatory, strains lacking the genes for the flagellar structural component flagellin were nearly devoid of proinflammatory signaling Lastly, the epithelial proinflammatory response could be largely recapitulated by basolateral addition of purified flagellin Thus, S typhimurium flagellin is the major molecular trigger by which this pathogen activates gut epithelial proinflammatory gene expression
248 citations
"Pcr–rflp of isolated salmonella fro..." refers background in this paper
...In Salmonella, flagella are a 55 kDa monomeric protein encoded by fliC and fljB genes that assemble to form the filament structure of the flagellar apparatus necessary for bacterial motility (Zeng et al., 2003)....
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TL;DR: This work sequenced 280 alleles of the three genes that are known to encode flagellin in Salmonella, fliC, fljB, and flpA, representing 67flagellar antigen types, suggesting that flagesllin genes may be useful targets for the molecular determination of flageLLar antigen type.
Abstract: Salmonella isolates have traditionally been classified by serotyping, the serologic identification of two surface antigens, O-polysaccharide and flagellin protein. Serotyping has been of great value in understanding the epidemiology of Salmonella and investigating disease outbreaks; however, production and quality control of the hundreds of antisera required for serotyping is difficult and time-consuming. To circumvent the problems associated with antiserum production, we began the development of a system for determination of serotype in Salmonella based on DNA markers. To identify flagellar antigen-specific sequences, we sequenced 280 alleles of the three genes that are known to encode flagellin in Salmonella, fliC, fljB, and flpA, representing 67 flagellar antigen types. Analysis of the data indicated that the sequences from fliC, fljB, and flpA clustered by the antigen(s) they encode not by locus. The sequences grouped into four clusters based on their conserved regions. Three of the four clusters included multiple flagellar antigen types and were designated the G complex, the Z4 complex, and the alpha cluster. The fourth cluster contained a single antigen type, H:z(29). The amino acid sequences of the conserved regions within each cluster have greater than 95% amino acid identity, whereas the conserved regions differ substantially between clusters (75 to 85% identity). Substantial sequence heterogeneity existed between alleles encoding different flagellar antigens while alleles encoding the same flagellar antigen were homologous, suggesting that flagellin genes may be useful targets for the molecular determination of flagellar antigen type.
166 citations
TL;DR: Complementation experiments demonstrated that FliC is sufficient to restore the ability of nonflagellated mutant Salmonella strains to upregulate TNF-α, whereas the phase 2 protein FljB appears to complement to a lesser extent.
Abstract: During infection of the gastrointestinal tract, salmonellae induce cytokine production and inflammatory responses which are believed to mediate tissue damage in the host. In a previous study, we reported that salmonellae possess the ability to stimulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) accumulation in primary human monocytes, as well as in the human promonocytic cell line U38. In this model system, cytokine upregulation is not due to lipopolysaccharide but is mediated by a released protein. In the present study, TnphoA transposon mutagenesis was used to identify the TNF-alpha-inducing factor. A mutant Salmonella strain which lacks the ability to induce TNF-alpha was isolated from a TnphoA library. Genetic analysis of this mutant demonstrated that the hns gene has been interrupted by transposon insertion. The hns gene product is a DNA-binding protein that regulates the expression of a variety of unrelated genes in salmonellae. One of the known targets of histone-like protein H1 is flhDC, the master operon which is absolutely required for flagellar expression. Analysis of other nonflagellated mutant Salmonella strains revealed a correlation between the ability to induce TNF-alpha and the expression of the phase 1 filament subunit protein FliC. Complementation experiments demonstrated that FliC is sufficient to restore the ability of nonflagellated mutant Salmonella strains to upregulate TNF-alpha, whereas the phase 2 protein FljB appears to complement to a lesser extent. In addition, Salmonella FliC can confer the TNF-alpha-inducing phenotype on Escherichia coli, which otherwise lacks the activity. Furthermore, assembly of FliC into complete flagellar structures may not be required for induction of TNF-alpha.
163 citations
"Pcr–rflp of isolated salmonella fro..." refers background in this paper
...In contrast, the central portion of the protein is hyper variable and contains most of the antigenic residues (Ciacci-Woolwine et al., 1998; McQuiston et al., 2004)....
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...contrast, the central portion of the protein is hyper variable and contains most of the antigenic residues (Ciacci-Woolwine et al., 1998; McQuiston et al., 2004)....
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