Pentacyclic triterpene distribution in various plants - rich sources for a new group of multi-potent plant extracts.
TL;DR: Pentacyclic triterpenes are secondary plant metabolites widespread in fruit peel, leaves and stem bark display various pharmacological effects while being devoid of prominent toxicity and are promising leading compounds for the development of new multi-targeting bioactive agents.
Abstract: Pentacyclic triterpenes are secondary plant metabolites widespread in fruit peel, leaves and stem bark. In particular the lupane-, oleanane-, and ursane triterpenes display various pharmacological effects while being devoid of prominent toxicity. Therefore, these triterpenes are promising leading compounds for the development of new multi-targeting bioactive agents. Screening of 39 plant materials identified triterpene rich (> 0.1% dry matter) plant parts. Plant materials with high triterpene concentrations were then used to obtain dry extracts by accelerated solvent extraction resulting in a triterpene content of 50 - 90%. Depending on the plant material, betulin (birch bark), betulinic acid (plane bark), oleanolic acid (olive leaves, olive pomace, mistletoe sprouts, clove flowers), ursolic acid (apple pomace) or an equal mixture of the three triterpene acids (rosemary leaves) are the main components of these dry extracts. They are quantitatively characterised plant extracts supplying a high concentration of actives and therefore can be used for development of phytopharmaceutical formulations.
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01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: The findings show the merit of in vitro callus culture of S. sahendica for production of medicinally important triterpenoids and enhanced the production of these compounds through different biotechnological strategies like cell suspension cultures and large scale cultivation in bioreactor system.
Abstract: In the present study, quantitative determination of betulinic acid (BA), oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) as well-known medicinal pentacyclic triterpenoids was simultaneously carried out in wild and in vitro callus culture of Salvia sahendica Boiss. Buhse (Lamiaceae) by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The plant is an endemic medicinal species which is growing in the northwest of Iran. Callus induction (100%) was achieved from young leaf and intermodal explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Our results revealed that the content of BA, OA and UA in the aerial parts of wild S. sahendica was 15.05, 645.93 and 112.92 mg per 100g dry weight (DW) (standard deviation: 0.73-3.0), respectively while their content in callus culture of the plant were 17.28, 126.27 and 121.59 mg per 100g DW (standard deviation: 1.6-3.2), respectively. Our findings show the merit of in vitro callus culture of S. sahendica for production of medicinally important triterpenoids. It can be also provide an ample opportunity to take this plant for extensive research for mass cultivation on plants and enhanced the production of these compounds through different biotechnological strategies like cell suspension cultures and large scale cultivation in bioreactor system.
2 citations
TL;DR: The present results suggested that AR treatment diminished long-term fructose overconsumption-induced fatty liver, which was associated with enhanced FAO and suppressed inflammation.
Abstract: Apple pomace and rosemary (AR) have been reported to contain rich bioactive molecules, which have numerous metabolic effects Our preliminary work revealed that AR ameliorated fructose-induced insulin resistance in rats by modulating sarcolemmal CD36 and glucose transporter-4 The present study aimed to further examine how AR improves metabolic disorders by investigating the effect of AR on hepatic steatosis induced by fructose overconsumption The results demonstrated that AR (100 mg/kg daily by gavage for 5 weeks) attenuated chronic liquid fructose consumption-induced increases in liver triglyceride content in rats Mechanistically, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis results indicated that AR reversed fructose-induced suppression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1α, sirtuin 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, which were associated with the fatty acid oxidative (FAO) pathway In addition, AR treatment decreased the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory proteins NF-κB and tumor necrosis factor-α However, AR had no effect on the genes related to lipogenesis and the very low-density lipoprotein-export pathway in rat liver Thus, the present results suggested that AR treatment diminished long-term fructose overconsumption-induced fatty liver, which was associated with enhanced FAO and suppressed inflammation
2 citations
Cites background from "Pentacyclic triterpene distribution..."
...It has also been reported that rosemary may regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic animals (35-37)....
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the effect of URSOLA on the anti-inflammatory activity in healthy men undergoing RT and found no difference in the serum cytokine concentrations of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 (p > 0.05).
2 citations
TL;DR: A critical overview of the separation of three relevant triterpenic acids, namely betulinic, oleanolic, and ursolic acids, by liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography is presented in this article .
Abstract: Abstract A critical overview of the separation of three relevant triterpenic acids, namely betulinic, oleanolic, and ursolic acids, by liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography is presented in this review. These triterpenic acids are commonly found in different biomass residues and have raised great research attention in recent years due to their broad and valuable therapeutic properties. Accordingly, fundamental aspects such as solubilities in single and mixed solvents, commercial stationary phases (octadecylsilyl and other bonded phases like triacontylsilyl, as well as porous graphitic columns), custom adsorbents (molecularly imprinted polymers and other polymeric adsorbents), mobile phases (conventional HPLC solvents and super/subcritical fluids), mobile-phase modifiers (acidic, basic, and cyclodextrins), pre-column derivatization strategies, and influence of temperature have been compiled, analyzed and thoroughly discussed in terms of (calculated) separation selectivities, peaks resolution, orders of elution, systems descriptors, etc. The most relevant achievements and gaps in this area of research are highlighted, together with a final comparison of the separation performance of the chromatographic systems reported in the literature.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used the lipoidal leaves extracts in the formulation of eight beta-sitosterol-rich emulgels from which the most stable formulae were tested for their antimicrobial activity.
2 citations
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TL;DR: Evidence is presented that numerous agents identified from fruits and vegetables can interfere with several cell-signaling pathways and the active principle identified in fruit and vegetables and the molecular targets modulated may be the basis for how these dietary agents not only prevent but also treat cancer and other diseases.
1,653 citations
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TL;DR: Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid are ubiquitous triterpenoids in plant kingdom, medicinal herbs, and are integral part of the human diet.
642 citations
"Pentacyclic triterpene distribution..." refers background in this paper
...The pharmacological relevance of these triterpenes has increased during the last two decades demonstrating multi-target properties such as wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antiviral, hepatoprotective and anti-tumoral effects, combined with low toxicity [9-13]....
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TL;DR: A new mechanism of action has been confirmed for some of the most promising anti-HIV derivatives, which makes them potentially useful additives to the current anti- HIV therapy.
585 citations
"Pentacyclic triterpene distribution..." refers background in this paper
...The pharmacological relevance of these triterpenes has increased during the last two decades demonstrating multi-target properties such as wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antiviral, hepatoprotective and anti-tumoral effects, combined with low toxicity [9-13]....
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TL;DR: The chemical analysis and quality control of Ginkgo leaves, extracts, phytopharmaceuticals and some herbal supplements is comprehensively reviewed and the growing literature on pharmacokinetic and fingerprinting studies of Ginkinggo is briefly summarised.
469 citations
TL;DR: Data suggest that anthocyanins and ursolic acid purified from C. mas fruits have biological activities that improve certain metabolic parameters associated with diets high in saturated fats and obesity.
Abstract: Much attention has been focused on food that may be beneficial in preventing diet-induced body fat accumulation and possibly reduce the risk of diabetes and heart disease. Cornelian cherries (Cornus mas) are used in the preparation of beverages in Europe and also to treat diabetes-related disorders in Asia. In this study, the most abundant bioactive compounds in C. mas fruits, the anthocyanins and ursolic acid, were purified, and their ability to ameliorate obesity and insulin resistance in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet was evaluated. Mice were initially fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks and then switched to a high-fat diet containing anthocyanins (1 g/kg of high-fat diet) and ursolic acid (500 mg/kg of high-fat diet) for an additional 8 weeks. The high-fat diet induced glucose intolerance, and this was prevented by anthocyanins and ursolic acid. The anthocyanin-treated mice showed a 24% decrease in weight gain. These mice also showed decreased lipid accumulation in the liver, including a significant decrease in liver triacylglycerol concentration. Anthocyanin and ursolic acid treated mice exhibited extremely elevated insulin levels. Both treatments, however, showed preserved islet architecture and insulin staining. Overall, these data suggest that anthocyanins and ursolic acid purified from C. mas fruits have biological activities that improve certain metabolic parameters associated with diets high in saturated fats and obesity.
363 citations
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