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Perceived parenting and risk for major depression in Chinese women

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TLDR
The results suggest that cultural factors impact on patterns of parenting and their association with MD, and high parental protectiveness is generally pathogenic in Western countries but protective in China, especially when received from the father.
Abstract
Background. In Western countries, a history of major depression (MD) is associated with reports of received parenting that is low in warmth and caring and high in control and authoritarianism. Does a similar pattern exist in women in China? Method. Received parenting was assessed by a shortened version of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) in two groups of Han Chinese women: 1970 clinically ascertained cases with recurrent MD and 2597 matched controls. MD was assessed at personal interview. Results. Factor analysis of the PBI revealed three factors for both mothers and fathers : warmth, protectiveness, and authoritarianism. Lower warmth and protectiveness and higher authoritarianism from both mother and father were significantly associated with risk for recurrent MD. Parental warmth was positively correlated with parental protectiveness and negatively correlated with parental authoritarianism. When examined together, paternal warmth was more strongly associated with lowered risk for MD than maternal warmth. Furthermore, paternal protectiveness was negatively and maternal protectiveness positively associated with risk for MD. Conclusions. Although the structure of received parenting is very similar in China and Western countries, the association with MD is not. High parental protectiveness is generally pathogenic in Western countries but protective in China, especially when received from the father. Our results suggest that cultural factors impact on patterns of parenting and their association with MD.

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Genetic Epidemiology of Major Depression: Review and Meta-Analysis

TL;DR: A meta-analysis of relevant data from primary studies of the genetic epidemiology of major depression suggested that familial aggregation was due to additive genetic effects, with a minimal contribution of environmental effects common to siblings and substantial individual-specific environmental effects/measurement error.
Journal ArticleDOI

Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training

TL;DR: It is suggested that the concepts of authoritative and authoritarian are somewhat ethnocentric and do not capture the important features of Chinese child rearing, especially for explaining their school success.
Book ChapterDOI

Confirmatory Factor Analysis

TL;DR: In this article, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is used to identify and explore hypothetical constructs as manifest in fallible indicators, where factors are influences that are not directly measured, but account for commonality among a set of measurements.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Parental Bonding Instrument. A decade of research.

TL;DR: The regulating valve, in addition to regulating the vacuum during the vacuum cycle, continuously vents the system to atmosphere when a patient venting solenoid valve vents the patient to atmosphere to reduce the load on a vacuum pump.
Journal ArticleDOI

Culture and depression.

TL;DR: The way in which depression is confronted, discussed, and managed varies among social worlds and how cultural meanings and practices shape the course of depression is examined.
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