Perceived sexual control, sex-related alcohol expectancies and behavior predict substance-related sexual revictimization.
01 May 2013-Child Abuse & Neglect (Elsevier. 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887-4800. Tel: 877-839-7126; Tel: 407-345-4020; Fax: 407-363-1354; e-mail: usjcs@elsevier.com; Web site: http://www.elsevier.com)-Vol. 37, Iss: 5, pp 353-359
TL;DR: Findings suggested that low perceived sexual control stemming from CSA is associated with increased sex-related alcohol expectancies and a higher likelihood of engaging in sexual behavior in the context of alcohol use, which heighten vulnerability to substance-related rape.
Abstract: Objectives
Although numerous studies have documented linkages between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and later sexual revictimization, mechanisms underlying revictimization, particularly assaults occurring in the context of substance use, are not well-understood Consistent with Traumagenic Dynamics theory, the present study tested a path model positing that lowered perceptions of sexual control resulting from CSA may be associated with increased sex-related alcohol expectancies and heightened likelihood of risky sexual behavior, which in turn, may predict adult substance-related rape
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3,385 citations
TL;DR: The present study failed to find support for any of the examined moderators in the prevalence rates of sexual revictimization, suggesting that almost half of child sexual abuse survivors are sexually victimized in the future.
Abstract: The literature consistently demonstrates evidence that child sexual abuse survivors are at greater risk of victimization later in life than the general population. This phenomenon is called sexual revictimization. Although this finding is robust, there is a large amount of variability in the prevalence rates of revictimization demonstrated in the literature. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to calculate an average prevalence rate of revictimization across the literature and to examine moderators that may potentially account for the observed variability. Based on a review of PsycINFO and PILOTS, 1,412 articles were identified and reviewed for inclusion. This process resulted in the inclusion of 80 studies, which contained 12,252 survivors of child sexual abuse. The mean prevalence of sexual revictimization across studies was 47.9% (95% confidence intervals [43.6%, 52.3%]), suggesting that almost half of child sexual abuse survivors are sexually victimized in the future. The present study failed to find support for any of the examined moderators. Potential explanations of and implications for the results are offered, including suggestions for therapists.
160 citations
TL;DR: A review of the relationship between alcohol consumption and adult sexual assault among individuals in the general and college student populations can be found in this paper, focusing on the prevalence of alcohol-related sexual assault, the link (and directionality) between alcohol and sexual assault.
Abstract: Alcohol use by victims and/or offenders is associated with at least half of all sexual assaults (Abbey, 2002). However, the bidirectional relationship between alcohol and sexual assault is convoluted. While there is a significant body of literature dedicated to examining this association, the relationship remains unclear, and comprehensive recent literature reviews are lacking. This review focuses on the relationship between alcohol consumption and adult sexual assault among individuals in the general and college student populations. Studies from 2000 to the present are included and focused on: (a) the prevalence of alcohol-related sexual assault, (b) the link (and directionality) between alcohol and sexual assault, (c) the role of situational and behavioral risk factors for alcohol-related sexual assault; (d) disclosure, social reactions, and recovery outcomes, specific to alcohol-involved assaults; (e) mediators and moderators of the link between alcohol and sexual assault; and (f) directions for future research.
154 citations
TL;DR: Findings suggest that a combination of affective, coping, and sexual expectancy factors contribute to risk for revictimization in adult survivors of childhood abuse.
Abstract: Research suggests that adverse events in childhood, such as childhood physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, confer risk for later sexual assault Psychological distress, coping strategies, and sexual behavior may help explain the path from childhood abuse to revictimization The present study explored how the use of sex to regulate negative affect (SRNA) operates independently, and in combination with other psychosocial factors to increase college women's (N = 541) risk of experiencing prospective adult sexual assault (ASA) Sequential multiple mediator models in Mplus were used to assess the effect of three different forms of childhood abuse on prospective ASA, both independently and while controlling for other forms of childhood abuse The indirect effect of adolescent sexual assault (AdolSA), depressive symptoms, SRNA, and participants’ response to a sex-related vignette was tested using bias-corrected bootstrapping In the full path model, childhood emotional abuse and AdolSA predicted ASA, while childhood physical and sexual abuse were directly associated with AdolSA, but not ASA Additionally, depressive symptoms and participants’ estimate of their likely behavior in a sex-related vignette directly predicted prospective ASA Results using bootstrapping revealed that a history of childhood abuse predicted prospective ASA via diverse direct and indirect paths, as well as through a similar multiple mediator path Overall, findings suggest that a combination of affective, coping, and sexual expectancy factors contribute to risk for revictimization in adult survivors of childhood abuse Future research directions and targets for risk-reduction programming are discussed
70 citations
TL;DR: Findings indicate that interventions focused on improving emotion regulation skills may decrease short-term risk for AISA, and additional analyses indicated that coping drinking motives and alcohol problems might act as suppressors in the model.
Abstract: The present study examined emotion dysregulation, coping drinking motives, and alcohol-related problems as predictors and consequences of alcohol-involved sexual assault (AISA). A convenience sample of 424 college women completed confidential surveys on paper and online. Data were collected at baseline (T1), weekly for 10 weeks (T2-10), and at 1 year (T11). The cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among variables were examined in a cross-lagged panel model. Within each time point, all variables were correlated. Drinking to cope and emotion dysregulation predicted AISA in the short term (within 10 weeks), alcohol problems increased risk for AISA in the long term (within 1 year), and AISA history predicted AISA revictimization regardless of time frame. Drinking to cope and alcohol-related problems predicted future victimization, but their impact seems to fluctuate over time. Coping drinking motives were both a predictor and consequence of AISA, suggesting a cyclical pattern. However, additional analyses indicated that coping drinking motives and alcohol problems might act as suppressors in the model. Overall, findings indicate that interventions focused on improving emotion regulation skills may decrease short-term risk for AISA.
55 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the adequacy of the conventional cutoff criteria and several new alternatives for various fit indexes used to evaluate model fit in practice were examined, and the results suggest that, for the ML method, a cutoff value close to.95 for TLI, BL89, CFI, RNI, and G...
Abstract: This article examines the adequacy of the “rules of thumb” conventional cutoff criteria and several new alternatives for various fit indexes used to evaluate model fit in practice. Using a 2‐index presentation strategy, which includes using the maximum likelihood (ML)‐based standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR) and supplementing it with either Tucker‐Lewis Index (TLI), Bollen's (1989) Fit Index (BL89), Relative Noncentrality Index (RNI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Gamma Hat, McDonald's Centrality Index (Mc), or root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA), various combinations of cutoff values from selected ranges of cutoff criteria for the ML‐based SRMR and a given supplemental fit index were used to calculate rejection rates for various types of true‐population and misspecified models; that is, models with misspecified factor covariance(s) and models with misspecified factor loading(s). The results suggest that, for the ML method, a cutoff value close to .95 for TLI, BL89, CFI, RNI, and G...
76,383 citations
"Perceived sexual control, sex-relat..." refers methods in this paper
...Model fit was evaluated using Kline (2005) recommendation that the model chi-square statistic be non-significant and Hu and Bentler (1999) recommendations that the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) be greater than .95, the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) be less than or equal to .06, and…...
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Book•
27 May 1998TL;DR: The book aims to provide the skills necessary to begin to use SEM in research and to interpret and critique the use of method by others.
Abstract: Designed for students and researchers without an extensive quantitative background, this book offers an informative guide to the application, interpretation and pitfalls of structural equation modelling (SEM) in the social sciences. The book covers introductory techniques including path analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, and provides an overview of more advanced methods such as the evaluation of non-linear effects, the analysis of means in convariance structure models, and latent growth models for longitudinal data. Providing examples from various disciplines to illustrate all aspects of SEM, the book offers clear instructions on the preparation and screening of data, common mistakes to avoid and widely used software programs (Amos, EQS and LISREL). The book aims to provide the skills necessary to begin to use SEM in research and to interpret and critique the use of method by others.
42,102 citations
TL;DR: These findings support the viability of the CTQ-SF across diverse clinical and nonreferred populations and demonstrated good criterion-related validity in a subsample of adolescents on whom corroborative data were available.
Abstract: Objective: The goal of this study was to develop and validate a short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (the CTQ-SF) as a screening measure for maltreatment histories in both clinical and nonreferred groups. Method: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the 70 original CTQ items were used to create a 28-item version of the scale (25 clinical items and three validity items) and test the measurement invariance of the 25 clinical items across four samples: 378 adult substance abusing patients from New York City, 396 adolescent psychiatric inpatients, 625 substance abusing individuals from southwest Texas, and 579 individuals from a normative community sample (combined N =1978). Results: Results showed that the CTQ-SF’s items held essentially the same meaning across all four samples (i.e., measurement invariance). Moreover, the scale demonstrated good criterion-related validity in a subsample of adolescents on whom corroborative data were available. Conclusions: These findings support the viability of the CTQ-SF across diverse clinical and nonreferred populations.
4,078 citations
"Perceived sexual control, sex-relat..." refers background in this paper
...Numerous investigations attest to he reliability and validity of scores on this measure (Bernstein, Fink, Handelsman, & Foote, 1994; Bernstein et al., 2003)....
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Journal Article•
3,385 citations
TL;DR: These findings provide strong initial support for the reliability and validity of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, indicating that patients' reports of child abuse and neglect based on the ChildhoodTrauma Questionnaires were highly stable, both over time and across type of instruments.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This report presents initial findings on the reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. METHOD: Two hundred eighty-six drug- or alcohol-dependent patients were given the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire as part of a larger test battery, and 40 of these patients were given the questionnaire again after an interval of 2 to 6 months. Sixty-eight of the patients were also given a structured interview for child abuse and neglect, the Childhood Trauma Interview, that was developed by the authors. RESULTS: Principal-components analysis of responses on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire yielded four rotated orthogonal factors: physical and emotional abuse, emotional neglect, sexual abuse, and physical neglect. Cronbach's alpha for the factors ranged from 0.79 to 0.94, indicating high internal consistency. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire also demonstrated good test-retest reliability over a 2- to 6-month interval (intraclass correlation = 0.88), as well as convergence with the Childhood Trauma Interview, indicating that patients' reports of child abuse and neglect based on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were highly stable, both over time and across type of instruments. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide strong initial support for the reliability and validity of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Language: en
2,889 citations