Performance Analysis of a New Electricity and Freshwater Production System Based on an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle and Multi-Effect Desalination
27 Sep 2020-Sustainability (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)-Vol. 12, Iss: 19, pp 7996
TL;DR: In this paper, a new electricity and freshwater generation system is proposed based on the integrated gasification and gas turbine cycle as the main system, and a steam Rankine cycle and multi-effect desalination system as the waste heat recovery units.
Abstract: Integrated biomass gasification combined cycles can be advantageous for providing multiple products simultaneously. A new electricity and freshwater generation system is proposed based on the integrated gasification and gas turbine cycle as the main system, and a steam Rankine cycle and multi-effect desalination system as the waste heat recovery units. To evaluate the performance of the system, energy, exergy, and economic analyses were performed. Also, a parametric analysis was performed to assess the effects of various parameters on the system’s performance criteria. The economic feasibility of the plant was analyzed in terms of net present value. For the base case, the performance metrics are evaluated as W.net=8.347 MW, e=46.22%, SUCP=14.07 $/GJ, and m.fw=11.7 kg/s. Among all components of the system, the combustion chamber is the greatest contributor to the exergy destruction rate, at 3250 kW. It is shown with the parametric analysis that raising the combustion temperature leads to higher electricity and freshwater production capacity. For a fuel cost of 2 $/GJ and an electricity price of 0.07 $/kWh, the total net present value at the end of plant’s lifespan is 6.547×106 $, and the payback period is 6.75 years. Thus, the plant is feasible from an economic perspective.
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30 Apr 1988
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the second law of thermodynamics and its application in the context of a gas turbine power plant and evaluate the entropy of the system.
Abstract: 1 Getting Started: Introductory Concepts and Definitions. 1.1 Using Thermodynamics. 1.2 Defining Systems. 1.3 Describing Systems and Their Behavior. 1.4 Measuring Mass, Length, Time, and Force. 1.5 Specific Volume. 1.6 Pressure. 1.7 Temperature. Chapter Summary and Study Guide. 2 Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics. 2.1 Reviewing Mechanical Concepts of Energy. 2.2 Broadening Our Understanding of Work. 2.3 Broadening Our Understanding of Energy. 2.4 Energy Transfer by Heat. 2.5 Energy Accounting: Energy Balance for Closed Systems. 2.6 Energy Analysis of Cycles. Chapter Summary and Study Guide. 3 Evaluating Properties. 3.1 Getting Started. Evaluating Properties: General Considerations. 3.2 p-v-T Relation. 3.3 Studying Phase Change. 3.4 Retrieving Thermodynamic Properties. 3.5 Evaluating Pressure, Specific Volume, and Temperature. 3.6 Evaluating Specific Internal Energy and Enthalpy. 3.7 Evaluating Properties Using Computer Software. 3.8 Applying the Energy Balance Using Property Tables and Software. Chapter Summary and Study Guide. 4 Control Volume Analysis Using Energy. 4.1 Conservation of Mass for a Control Volume. 4.2 Forms of the Mass Rate Balance. 4.3 Applications of the Mass Rate Balance. 4.4 Conservation of Energy for a Control Volume. Chapter Summary and Study Guide. 5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics. 5.1 Introducing the Second Law. 5.2 Statements of the Second Law. 5.3 Identifying Irreversibilities. 5.4 Interpreting the Kelvin-Planck Statement. 5.5 Applying the Second Law to Thermodynamic Cycles. 5.6 Second Law Aspects of Power Cycles Interacting with Two Reservoirs. Chapter Summary and Study Guide. 6 Using Entropy. 6.1 Entropy-A System Property. 6.2 Retrieving Entropy Data. 6.3 Introducing the T dS Equations. 6.4 Entropy Change of an Incompressible Substance. 6.5 Entropy Change of an Ideal Gas. 6.6 Entropy Change in Internally Reversible Processes of Closed Systems. 6.7 Entropy Balance for Closed Systems. 6.8 Directionality of Processes. 6.9 Entropy Rate Balance for Control Volumes. Steady-State Flow Processes. Chapter Summary and Study Guide. 7 Exergy Analysis. 7.1 Introducing Exergy. 7.2 Conceptualizing Exergy. 7.3 Exergy of a System. 7.4 Closed System Exergy Balance. 7.5 Exergy Rate Balance for Control Volumes at Steady State. 7.6 Exergetic (Second Law) Efficiency. 7.7 Thermoeconomics. Chapter Summary and Study Guide. 8 Vapor Power Systems. 8.1 Modeling Vapor Power Systems. 8.2 Analyzing Vapor Power Systems-Rankine Cycle. 8.3 Improving Performance-Superheat and Reheat. 8.4 Improving Performance-Regenerative Vapor Power Cycle. 8.5 Other Vapor Cycle Aspects. 8.6 Case Study: Exergy Accounting of a Vapor Power Plant. Chapter Summary and Study Guide. 9 Gas Power Systems. Internal Combustion Engines. 9.1 Introducing Engine Terminology. 9.2 Air-Standard Otto Cycle. 9.3 Air-Standard Diesel Cycle. 9.4 Air-Standard Dual Cycle. Gas Turbine Power Plants. 9.5 Modeling Gas Turbine Power Plants. 9.6 Air-Standard Brayton Cycle. 9.7 Regenerative Gas Turbines. 9.8 Regenerative Gas Turbines with Reheat and Intercooling. 9.9 Gas Turbines for Aircraft Propulsion. 9.10 Combined Gas Turbine-Vapor Power Cycle. Chapter Summary and Study Guide. 10 Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems. 10.1 Vapor Refrigeration Systems. 10.2 Analyzing Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Systems. 10.3 Refrigerant Properties. 10.4 Cascade and Multistage Vapor-Compression Systems. 10.5 Absorption Refrigeration. 10.6 Heat Pump Systems. 10.7 Gas Refrigeration Systems. Chapter Summary and Study Guide. 11 Thermodynamic Relations. 11.1 Using Equations of State. 11.2 Important Mathematical Relations. 11.3 Developing Property Relations. 11.4 Evaluating Changes in Entropy, Internal Energy, and Enthalpy. 11.5 Other Thermodynamic Relations. 11.6 Constructing Tables of Thermodynamic Properties. Charts for Enthalpy and Entropy. 11.8 p-v-T Relations for Gas Mixtures. 11.9 Analyzing Multicomponent Systems. Chapter Summary and Study Guide. 12 Ideal Gas Mixture and Psychrometric Applications. Ideal Gas Mixtures: General Considerations. 12.1 Describing Mixture Composition. 12.2 Relating p, V, and T for Ideal Gas Mixtures. 12.3 Evaluating U, H, S, and Specific Heats. 12.4 Analyzing Systems Involving Mixtures. Psychrometric Applications. 12.5 Introducing Psychrometric Principles. 12.6 Psychrometers: Measuring the Wet-Bulb and Dry-Bulb Temperatures. 12.7 Psychrometric Charts. 12.8 Analyzing Air-Conditioning Processes. 12.9 Cooling Towers. Chapter Summary and Study Guide. 13 Reacting Mixtures and Combustion. Combustion Fundamentals. 13.1 Introducing Combustion. 13.2 Conservation of Energy-Reacting Systems. 13.3 Determining the Adiabatic Flame Temperature. 13.4 Fuel Cells. 13.5 Absolute Entropy and the Third Law of Thermodynamics. Chemical Exergy. 13.6 Introducing Chemical Exergy. 13.7 Standard Chemical Exergy. 13.8 Exergy Summary. 13.9 Exergetic (Second Law) Efficiencies of Reacting Systems. Chapter Summary and Study Guide. 14 Chemical and Phase Equilibrium. Equilibrium Fundamentals. 14.1 Introducing Equilibrium Criteria. Chemical Equilibrium. 14.2 Equation of Reaction Equilibrium. 14.3 Calculating Equilibrium Compositions. 14.4 Further Examples of the Use of the Equilibrium Constant. Phase Equilibrium. 14.5 Equilibrium Between Two Phases of a Pure Substance. 14.6 Equilibrium of Multicomponent, Multiphase Systems. Chapter Summary and Study Guide. Appendix Tables, Figures, and Charts. Index to Tables in SI Units. Index to Tables in English Units. Index to Figures and Charts. Index. Answers to Selected Problems: Visit the student.
2,775 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the technical features, energy consumption, environmental considerations, and potential of renewable energy use in driving the main desalination processes are reviewed and analyzed in order to compare the current and projected costs of water produced from conventional and renewable energy-driven processes.
Abstract: Desalination technologies improve water quality, greatly reduce water shortage problems, and improve quality of life and economic status. Two main technologies are currently used in water desalination: thermal (phase-change) processes and membrane processes. The primary thermal distillation processes include multistage flash distillation (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED), and vapor compression (VC). The VC process encompasses two types: mechanical (MVC) and thermal (TVC). The common membrane desalination processes include reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis (ED and EDR). Energy cost, operational and maintenance cost, and capital investment are the main contributors to the water production cost of any of these processes. The energy cost is responsible for about 50% of the produced water cost. For thermal distillation processes (MSF, MED, and TVC), two energy forms are required for the operation: (1) low-temperature heat, which represents the main portion of the energy input and is usually supplied to the system by a number of external sources (e.g., fossil fuel, waste energy, nuclear, solar) and (2) electricity, which is used to drive the system's pumps and other electrical components. For the MVC thermal distillation process, only electricity is needed. For membrane processes (RO and ED), only electricity is required as an energy input. Renewable energy systems such as solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, wind, and geothermal technologies are currently used as energy suppliers for desalination systems. These renewable resources are now a proven technology and remain economically promising for remote regions, where connection to the public electric grid is either not cost effective or feasible, and where water scarcity is severe. As the technologies continue to improve, and as fresh water becomes scarce and fossil fuel energy prices rise, renewable energy desalination becomes more viable economically. The technical features, energy consumption, environmental considerations, and potential of renewable energy use in driving the main desalination processes are reviewed and analyzed in this paper. The current and projected costs of water produced from conventional and renewable-energy-driven processes are discussed and compared.
814 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an equilibrium model was used to predict the gasification process in a downdraft gasifier and the composition of the producer gas and hence the calorific value have been determined.
668 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated approach in using renewable energy (RE) driven with an emphasis on solar and geothermal desalination technologies is presented and an assessment of the benefits of these technologies and their limitations are also discussed.
416 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an exergy analysis for each cogeneration system is examined, and a parameter optimization for each system is achieved by means of GA to reach the maximum exergy efficiency.
272 citations