Performance analysis of an LTE gateway for the IoT
25 Jun 2012-pp 1-6
TL;DR: The suitability of LTE for the interconnection of aggregated edge devices is investigated, under the assumption that the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), which is becoming increasingly popular, is used.
Abstract: In the Internet of Things (IoT) the edge devices often rely on gateways to connect to the Internet, to reduce costs and energy consumption. For those scenarios where the gateway itself does not have a wired Internet connection, LTE is a candidate solution due to its high spectral efficiency, bandwidth, and coverage. In this paper, the suitability of LTE for the interconnection of aggregated edge devices is investigated. The study is carried out under the assumption that the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), which is becoming increasingly popular, is used. The performance analysis is carried out through packet-level simulation with the open source simulator ns3.
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TL;DR: The proposed QoS-MTRS can be applied to LTE-A for supporting high-bandwidth demands Internet of Things (IoTs) and is better than BQA, Greedy, and FCFS in terms of appearance probability of receiving more than one kind of traffic data types per location block.
15 citations
Additional excerpts
...24 Table 5 Simulation parameter settings [12][13]....
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...Table 5 Simulation parameter settings [12][13]....
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07 Nov 2016
TL;DR: This paper predicts the performance of specific APIs offered by the platform using queuing network modeling and also validate them through experimental analysis on two deployment platforms, and is able to predict performance of a real-life energy monitoring application deployed on this platform in a production environment.
Abstract: The ubiquitous deployment of mobile and sensor devices is creating a new environment, known as the Internet of Things (IoT). In this new realm, wireless sensor nodes, smart devices along with information and communication systems together constitute the elements of new computing environment. For wide acceptance of IoT applications, guaranteeing their performance is important. However, performance analysis of IoT applications encounters a lot of challenges such as interaction among a number of different technologies, various usage patterns of smart devices, numerous possible transactions, unavailability of suitable testing platforms and so on. In this paper, we deal with performance analysis of a scalable IoT platform that attempts to take a holistic approach for enterprise level data management in the IoT domain as well as development of IoT applications. We predict the performance of specific APIs offered by the platform using queuing network modeling and also validate them through experimental analysis on two deployment platforms. Additionally, we are able to predict performance of a real-life energy monitoring application deployed on this platform in a production environment. Our analysis is done mostly based on data extracted from production environment and requires only limited performance tests.
12 citations
DOI•
01 Jan 2016TL;DR: It is argued that Things governed by a controller should have an identifiable relationship between the two parties and that authentication and non-repudiation are essential characteristics in all IoT scenarios which require trustworthy communications.
Abstract: The proliferation and popularity of smart autonomous systems necessitates the development of methods and models for ensuring the effective identification of their owners and controllers. The aim of this paper is to critically discuss the responsibility of Things and their impact on human affairs. This starts with an in-depth analysis of IoT Characteristics such as Autonomy, Ubiquity and Pervasiveness. We argue that Things governed by a controller should have an identifiable relationship between the two parties and that authentication and non-repudiation are essential characteristics in all IoT scenarios which require trustworthy communications. However, resources can be a problem, for instance, many Things are designed to perform in low-powered hardware. Hence, we also propose a protocol to demonstrate how we can achieve the authenticity of participating Things in a connectionless and resource-constrained environment.
11 citations
Additional excerpts
...Research and Industry have, and are still developing protocols and standards for it: Electronic Product Code (EPC) [24], Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) [8], micro IP (uIP) [15], Routing Protocol for Low Energy and Lossy Networks (RPL) [17], Ad hoc OnDemand Distance Vector (AODV) [17], Bluetooth Embedded System (BTE)[16] , Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) [19], Long Term Evolution (LTE) [11] and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A, i.e. 4G), If This Then That (IFTTT) [22], [3] , IPv6 over LowPower Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) [15], are some of the standards and protocols being developed for use in the IoT....
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...Term Evolution (LTE) [11] and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A, i....
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15 Apr 2018
TL;DR: A convex optimization problem is formulated that finds the optimal energy transfer/allocation scheme for heterogeneous smart systems and quantifies the performance of the proposed energy transfer policies as a function of network parameters, including: the amount of traffic generated by sensing devices, the number of smart services in the system, and thenumber of gateways that are connected to the power grid.
Abstract: In this paper, we consider energy cooperation in an Internet of Things (IoT) smart city scenario. We assume the presence of interconnecting energy harvesting IoT gateways (GWs), that are endowed with energy harvesting capabilities and whose role is to collect and aggregate data from field sensing devices. Energy cooperation complements and balances the energetic needs to those devices that are neither connected to the power grid, nor satisfactorily served by energy harvesting due to the instability of ambient energy arrivals. The proposed solution entail energy transfers from energy rich gateways to energy scarce ones, i.e., those which are not connected to the power grid. To identify the optimal energy transfer/allocation scheme, we formulate a convex optimization problem that finds the optimal solution for heterogeneous smart systems. With this energy allocation technique, the gateways are unlikely to run out of energy during operation and the gap between energy offer and demand among interconnected gateways is kept to a minimum. We also quantify the performance of the proposed energy transfer policies as a function of network parameters, including: the amount of traffic generated by sensing devices, the number of smart services in the system, and the number of gateways that are connected to the power grid.
10 citations
Cites background from "Performance analysis of an LTE gate..."
...Examples may be smartphones that collect and aggregate data from wearable biomedical sensors, smart city gateways collecting pollution, traffic, or parking data from cameras or road-side sensing units [10]....
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Patent•
01 Jun 2015TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a distributed application programming interface (API) proxy system and an apparatus and method for managing traffic in the system. But the apparatus for managing API traffic includes a traffic information collection unit configured to collect traffic information from a plurality of API proxies distributed to a hierarchy of networked apparatuses such that physical resources are abstracted to provide access to the abstracted physical resources.
Abstract: Disclosed are a distributed application programming interface (API) proxy system and an apparatus and method for managing traffic in the system. The apparatus for managing API traffic includes a traffic information collection unit configured to collect traffic information from a plurality of API proxies distributed to a plurality of networked apparatuses such that physical resources are abstracted to provide access to the abstracted physical resources and a traffic optimization unit configured to generate control information for decreasing communication traffic of at least one of the plurality of API proxies based on the collected traffic information and deliver the generated control information to the plurality of API proxies.
8 citations
References
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01 Jan 2012
139,059 citations
"Performance analysis of an LTE gate..." refers methods in this paper
...The study is carried out through packet-level simulation, with the ns3 open source environment [12] enriched by the LENA simulation model of LTE [13]....
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...For an accurate description of the simulation model we refer the interested reader to [13] and references within....
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TL;DR: This survey is directed to those who want to approach this complex discipline and contribute to its development, and finds that still major issues shall be faced by the research community.
12,539 citations
1,897 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the LTE radio interface, recently approved by the 3GPP, together with a more in-depth description of its features such as spectrum flexibility, multi-antenna transmission, and inter-cell interference control are provided.
Abstract: This article provides an overview of the LTE radio interface, recently approved by the 3GPP, together with a more in-depth description of its features such as spectrum flexibility, multi-antenna transmission, and inter-cell interference control. The performance of LTE and some of its key features is illustrated with simulation results. The article is concluded with an outlook into the future evolution of LTE.
886 citations
"Performance analysis of an LTE gate..." refers background in this paper
...…alliances, e.g., the Continua Health Alliance [2] for personal health services and the Open Gateway Energy Management Alliance (OGEMA) [3] for smart grid applications, and standardization bodies, e.g., the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Technical Committee (TC) on M2M [4]....
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