Performance analysis of multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems under the influence of antenna mutual coupling effect
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of antenna mutual coupling on signal correlation and bit error rate (BER) of a multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system has been modelled.
Abstract: The effect of antenna mutual coupling on signal correlation and bit error rate (BER) of a multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system has been modelled. A MIMO-OFDM model with correlated channels is presented. The correlation matrices are determined with the antenna mutual coupling taken into account. The effect of antenna mutual coupling is characterised using the receiving and transmitting mutual impedances. A rigorous expression for the BER of the system employing quadrature phase-shift keying digital modulation is derived. A 2×2 MIMO-OFDM system using the Alamouti space-time block code for OFDM symbol transmission over 64 sub-channels spanning a 20MHz band centred at 5.2GHz is simulated. The simulated results show that the antenna mutual coupling has a significant effect on the BER performance, especially when the spacing between the antenna elements is small.
Citations
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TL;DR: A short review of the receiving-mutual-impedance method (RMIM) for mutual coupling compensation in direction finding applications using linear array is conducted in this article, where the differences between the conventional mutual impedance method (CMIM) and RMIM, as well as the three different determination methods for receiving mutual impedance (RMI), are discussed in details.
Abstract: A short review of the receiving-mutual-impedance method (RMIM) for mutual coupling compensation in direction finding applications using linear array is conducted. The differences between the conventional-mutual-impedance method (CMIM) and RMIM, as well as the three different determination methods for receiving mutual impedance (RMI), will be discussed in details. As an example, direction finding with better accuracies is used for demonstrating the superiority of mutual coupling compensation using RMIM.
48 citations
Cites methods from "Performance analysis of multiple-in..."
...Recently, the RMI has been adopted to model the mutual coupling effect of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system and new models for channel capacities of the MIMO systems have been developed [33, 34]....
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03 Jul 2011
TL;DR: In this article, a μ-Negative metamaterial (MNG) is used for mutual coupling reduction between dual-band printed monopole antennas used in multiple input multiple output (MIMO).
Abstract: In this paper, a μ-Negative metamaterial (MNG) is utilized for mutual coupling reduction between dual-band printed monopole antennas used in Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). A dual-band MNG metamaterial is designed to specifically possess negative effective permeability at the two resonant frequencies where the antennas are operating. MNG is inserted between the two printed monopoles (back to back) to decrease the correlation between them. The printed monopole antennas were designed to operate in the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) bands 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz. Antenna characteristics such as, scattering parameters far-field radiation patterns with and without the presence of MNG are provided. The design of the MNG unit cell and its effective constitutive parameters are also provided. Design and simulations are conducted using Ansoft's HFSS software which is based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). The proposed technique achieved a 14 dB reduction in mutual coupling at 2.45 GHz and 13 dB at 5.2 GHz. A gain of 2 dB higher than the normal case at the second band is observed while it is maintained the same on the first band. Furthermore, the MNG based antenna system maintains a relatively low profile (16 mm) which is convenient for compact systems and hand-held devices.
24 citations
Cites background from "Performance analysis of multiple-in..."
...The reduction of mutual coupling between closely spaced antennas is necessary to the performance of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems since mutual coupling affects the current distribution, phase, input impedance and radiation pattern in each antenna element which in turn significantly reduces the capacity of MIMO systems [1], [2]....
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07 Jul 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, a Yagi-Uda antenna array consisting of four radiating elements is presented, where array elements are oriented back to back in a cross fashion to achieve a pattern orthogonality utilizing the end-fire radiation characteristics of the Yagi Uda antennas.
Abstract: In this paper, A Yagi-Uda antenna array consisting of four radiating elements is presented. The array elements are oriented back to back in a cross fashion to achieve a pattern orthogonality utilizing the end-fire radiation characteristics of the Yagi-Uda antennas. This technique is proposed to reduce the mutual coupling between the radiating elements which is essential to the performance of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. Design and simulations are conducted using CST Microwave Studio which is based on the Finite Integration Technique (FIT). Results show that the correlation level is below -35 dB between the array elements at 5.2 GHz with about λ/4 separation distance.
17 citations
Cites methods from "Performance analysis of multiple-in..."
...Generally, by using MIMO antenna systems, the channel capacity is allowed to be scaled in proportion to the number of antenna elements [2]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the accuracy of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimations using compact antenna arrays under the influence of mutual coupling and showed that increasing the number of elements within a small array aperture can significantly improve the estimation accuracy.
Abstract: This article investigates the accuracy of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimations using compact antenna arrays under the influence of mutual coupling. We model the entire electromagnetic problem using the moment method such that the undesirable mutual coupling effect is taken into account accurately. We decouple the received signals using the receiving-mutual-impedance method (RMIM) and perform the DOA estimation using the matrix pencil method (MPM) through a Monte Carlo simulation approach. Although the signals are strongly distorted by mutual coupling, we show that increasing the number of elements within a small array aperture can significantly improve the estimation accuracy. The findings show that the RMIM can effectively compensate for mutual coupling for arrays with an aperture of a factor of a wavelength. Such findings are crucial to the development of compact arrays in various applications.
12 citations
Additional excerpts
...The RMIM provides an accurate solution to characterize and compensate for the mutual coupling effect for receiving arrays [3]–[5] and has been adopted for wireless sensing and communication applications, such as DOA estimations (linear arrays [5], [14]–[16], [21], [23], [25], circular arrays [17], [28], and experimental study [15], [16]), adaptive nulling [24], magnetic resonance imaging [29]–[34], and multiple-input, multiple-output communication systems [35]–[37]....
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06 Jul 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a flexible and extremely low profile CPW fed Inverted F Antenna (IFA) array is presented by creating pattern diversity through defecting the ground plane and adding a parasitic structure.
Abstract: In this paper, a flexible and extremely low profile CPW fed Inverted F Antenna (IFA) array is presented. The array consists of two radiating elements which are separated by lambda/125 yet exhibit a low mutual coupling (-27dB). This is achieved by creating pattern diversity through defecting the ground plane and adding a parasitic structure. This technique is proposed to reduce the mutual coupling between the array elements which is essential to the performance of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. Design and simulations are carried out using CST Microwave Studio which is based on the Finite Integration Technique (FIT). Results show that the proposed design is a reasonable candidate for flexible and wearable wireless systems.
6 citations
Cites background from "Performance analysis of multiple-in..."
...The performance of MIMO systems is highly compromised by the mutual coupling between the antenna elements since it gives rise to induced currents which in turn leads to impedance mismatch and distortion in radiation patterns when the antenna elements are highly correlated which consequently reduces the capacity of the MIMO systems significantly [2]....
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References
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AT&T1
TL;DR: This paper presents a simple two-branch transmit diversity scheme that provides the same diversity order as maximal-ratio receiver combining (MRRC) with one transmit antenna, and two receive antennas.
Abstract: This paper presents a simple two-branch transmit diversity scheme. Using two transmit antennas and one receive antenna the scheme provides the same diversity order as maximal-ratio receiver combining (MRRC) with one transmit antenna, and two receive antennas. It is also shown that the scheme may easily be generalized to two transmit antennas and M receive antennas to provide a diversity order of 2M. The new scheme does not require any bandwidth expansion or any feedback from the receiver to the transmitter and its computation complexity is similar to MRRC.
13,706 citations
Additional excerpts
...This is done in two steps....
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01 Nov 1985
TL;DR: This month's guest columnist, Steve Bible, N7HPR, is completing a master’s degree in computer science at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, and his research area closely follows his interest in amateur radio.
Abstract: Spread Spectrum It’s not just for breakfast anymore! Don't blame me, the title is the work of this month's guest columnist, Steve Bible, N7HPR (n7hpr@tapr.org). While cruising the net recently, I noticed a sudden bump in the number of times Spread Spectrum (SS) techniques were mentioned in the amateur digital areas. While QEX has discussed SS in the past, we haven't touched on it in this forum. Steve was a frequent cogent contributor, so I asked him to give us some background. Steve enlisted in the Navy in 1977 and became a Data Systems Technician, a repairman of shipboard computer systems. In 1985 he was accepted into the Navy’s Enlisted Commissioning Program and attended the University of Utah where he studied computer science. Upon graduation in 1988 he was commissioned an Ensign and entered Nuclear Power School. His subsequent assignment was onboard the USS Georgia, a trident submarine stationed in Bangor, Washington. Today Steve is a Lieutenant and he is completing a master’s degree in computer science at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. His areas of interest are digital communications, amateur satellites, VHF/UHF contesting, and QRP. His research area closely follows his interest in amateur radio. His thesis topic is Multihop Packet Radio Routing Protocol Using Dynamic Power Control. Steve is also the AMSAT Area Coordinator for the Monterey Bay area. Here's Steve, I'll have some additional comments at the end.
8,781 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: This first book to explore the computation of electromagnetic fields by the most popular method for the numerical solution to electromagnetic field problems presents a unified approach to moment methods by employing the concepts of linear spaces and functional analysis.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
"An IEEE reprinting of this classic 1968 edition, FIELD COMPUTATION BY MOMENT METHODS is the first book to explore the computation of electromagnetic fields by the most popular method for the numerical solution to electromagnetic field problems. It presents a unified approach to moment methods by employing the concepts of linear spaces and functional analysis. Written especially for those who have a minimal amount of experience in electromagnetic theory, this book illustrates theoretical and mathematical concepts to prepare all readers with the skills they need to apply the method of moments to new, engineering-related problems.Written especially for those who have a minimal amount of experience in electromagnetic theory, theoretical and mathematical concepts are illustrated by examples that prepare all readers with the skills they need to apply the method of moments to new, engineering-related problems."
6,593 citations
"Performance analysis of multiple-in..." refers background in this paper
...U and L are, respectively, the eigenvector matrix and eigenvalues matrix of the covariance matrix RH. pl is the average power distribution across the delay paths [15]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the statistical characteristics of the fields and signals in the reception of radio frequencies by a moving vehicle are deduced from a scattering propagation model, assuming that the field incident on the receiver antenna is composed of randomly phased azimuthal plane waves of arbitrary angle angles.
Abstract: The statistical characteristics of the fields and signals in the reception of radio frequencies by a moving vehicle are deduced from a scattering propagation model. The model assumes that the field incident on the receiver antenna is composed of randomly phased azimuthal plane waves of arbitrary azimuth angles. Amplitude and phase distributions and spatial correlations of fields and signals are deduced, and a simple direct relationship is established between the signal amplitude spectrum and the product of the incident plane waves' angular distribution and the azimuthal antenna gain. The coherence of two mobile-radio signals of different frequencies is shown to depend on the statistical distribution of the relative time delays in the arrival of the component waves, and the coherent bandwidth is shown to be the inverse of the spread in time delays. Wherever possible theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental results. There is sufficient agreement to indicate the validity of the approach. Agreement improves if allowance is made for the nonstationary character of mobile-radio signals.
2,087 citations
"Performance analysis of multiple-in..." refers methods in this paper
...The channel frequency response H f (k) in (1) is expressed as [13] H f (k) ¼ XL l¼1 H l e j2pk=K (2) where H l is a MR MT gain matrix corresponding to the lth path used in the tapped delay line model....
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