Performance evaluation of ECG compression techniques
05 Mar 2015-pp 1-5
TL;DR: The experimental result shows that the proposed method achieves better compression ratio along with better PRD compared to earlier methods.
Abstract: Compression of bulky electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is a common requirement for most of the computerized applications. In this paper, a new compression and reconstruction technique based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is proposed. The performance evaluation of the proposed technique is based on comparisons of Compression Ratio (CR) and Percent Root mean square Difference (PRD). The compression method consists of mainly five stages: EMD based signal decomposition, downsampling, discrete cosine transform (DCT), window filtering and Huffman encoding. The ECG signal reconstruction method follows the compression process in reverse order. The proposed algorithm is validated by testing on 48 ECG records available in MIT/BIH arrhythmia database. The compression efficiency is evaluated and the average values of CR and PRD are found to be 23.74:1 and 1.49, respectively. The experimental result shows that the proposed method achieves better compression ratio along with better PRD compared to earlier methods.
Citations
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01 Apr 1987
385 citations
09 Feb 2017
TL;DR: An efficient electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression algorithm for tele-monitoring of cardiac patients from rural area, based on combination of two encoding techniques with discrete cosine transform, which provides good compression ratio (CR) with low percent root-mean-square difference (PRD) values.
Abstract: This paper reports an efficient electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression algorithm for tele-monitoring of cardiac patients from rural area, based on combination of two encoding techniques with discrete cosine transform. The proposed technique provides good compression ratio (CR) with low percent root-mean-square difference (PRD) values. For performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm 48 records of ECG signals are taken from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Each record of ECG signal is of duration 1 minute and sampled at sampling frequency of 360 Hz. Noise of the ECG signal has been removed using Savitzky-Golay filter. To transform the signal from time domain to frequency domain, discrete cosine transform has been used which compacts energy of the signal to lower order of frequency coefficients. After normalisation and rounding of transform coefficients, signals are encoded using dual encoding technique which consists of run length encoding and Huffman encoding. The dual encoding technique compresses data significantly without any loss of information. The proposed algorithm offers average values of CR, PRD, quality score, percent root mean square difference normalised, RMS error and SNR of 11.49, 3.43, 3.82, 5.51, 0.012 and 60.11 dB respectively.
20 citations
Cites methods from "Performance evaluation of ECG compr..."
...Sahoo et al. (2015) proposed an algorithm which uses empirical mode decomposition, downsampling, DCT, window filtering and Huffman encoding....
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01 May 2017
TL;DR: This paper has studied and analyzed various lossless data compression techniques used in the compression of ECG signals, and calculated and compared the CR and PRD values using all above discussed techniques for 28 sets of the recorded data.
Abstract: As we know that developments in technology are introducing various methods for Tele-cardiology. Tele-cardiology includes many of the applications and this is one of the fields in telemedicine which have seen excellent growth. In the procedures of Tele-cardiology we record a extremely large amount of ECG real time data. Therefore we require an efficient and lossless technique that is able to perform compression of recorded ECG signals. In this paper we have studied and analyzed various lossless data compression techniques used in the compression of ECG signals. In the course of studying various techniques we have presented the analysis of some most widely used time domain techniques those are AZTEC (Amplitude zone time epoch coding) technique and Turning point technique (TP) and in transformation based compression techniques we have presented the study of Discrete Cosine Transform technique (DCT) performed with Huffman coding technique and Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) technique. The overall performance of all these techniques are studied and analyzed on the basis of two main parameters those are the compression ratio (CR) and Percent Root means square Difference (PRD). We have used the data base of physionet.org website for the calculation of CR and PRD. We have calculated and compared the CR and PRD values using all above discussed techniques for 28 sets of the recorded data.
7 citations
06 Apr 2016
TL;DR: The experimental result indicates that the compression by EMD gives better CR and PRD compare to all other methods.
Abstract: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one testing method for measuring electrical activity of heart. ECG is the graphical representation of the electrical signal generated from heart. Heart is an organ of human which pump blood for the entire body. It require huge amount of data to store and transmit these ECG signals. So it is necessary for compression of the ECG signals. In few last years, many algorithms have evolved to compress the ECG signals, in that four algorithms such as Amplitude Zone Time Epoch Coding algorithm (AZTEC), Turning Point (TP), compression by using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Backward difference and compression by using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) are implemented and explained detail. The performance of all the algorithms are analyzed by using two parameters namely, Percent Root means square Difference (PRD) and Compression Ratio (CR). The CR and PRD are calculated for all 48 ECG records from the database of MIT-BIH arrhythmia. Finally the CR and PRD values are compared with all the four algorithms. The experimental result indicates that the compression by EMD gives better CR and PRD compare to all other methods.
3 citations
Cites methods from "Performance evaluation of ECG compr..."
...Examples includes Fourier Descriptor [7], Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) [8] [9], Wavelet Transform (WT) [10]....
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...DCT retains periodicity of the ECG signal....
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...Finally the DCT coefficients are encoded with Huffman encoding algorithm....
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...After back ward difference DCT is applied to peak to peak interval which converts signal into frequency domain and it concentrates the more energy in lower frequency coefficients....
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...The DCT [13] coefficients are calculated using the following equations. k=0, 1, 2…….. (N-1) n=0, 1, 2…….. (N-1) Here , C(k) is k th coefficient and α(k) is scaling factor....
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01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: By applying cubic spline method, the clean ECG signals are obtained and derived in the result section as discussed by the authors , it is observed that the proposed method is providing better performance as compared to other techniques.
Abstract: Cardiac problem is one of the leading cause of death worldwide. Accurate detection and diagnosis of cardiac disease is one of the challenging task for physicians as well as patients. Electrocardiogram (ECG) plays an important role in diagnosis of cardiac diseases. Accurate and clean cardiac signal is most important for better diagnosis. Authors in this paper have used a novel approach for ECG signal compression. By applying cubic spline method, the clean ECG signals are obtained and derived in the result section. It is observed that the proposed method is providing better performance as compared to other techniques.
References
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869 citations
TL;DR: The theoretical bases behind the direct ECG data compression schemes are presented and classified into three categories: tolerance-comparison compression, DPCM, and entropy coding methods and a framework for evaluation and comparison of ECG compression schemes is presented.
Abstract: Electrocardiogram (ECG) compression techniques are compared, and a unified view of these techniques is established. ECG data compression schemes are presented in two major groups: direct data compression and transformation methods. The direct data compression techniques are ECG differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) and entropy coding, AZTEC, Turning-point, CORTES, Fan and SAPA algorithms, peak-picking, and cycle-to-cycle compression methods. The transformation methods include Fourier, Walsh, and Karhunen-Loeve transforms. The theoretical bases behind the direct ECG data compression schemes are presented and classified into three categories: tolerance-comparison compression, DPCM, and entropy coding methods. A framework for evaluation and comparison of ECG compression schemes is presented. >
690 citations
"Performance evaluation of ECG compr..." refers background in this paper
...ECG data compression technique is important for rapid transmission and reception of ECG’s over mobile phone networks to remote cardiac center [3]....
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TL;DR: A wavelet electrocardiogram (ECG) data codec based on the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) compression algorithm is proposed and is significantly more efficient in compression and in computation than previously proposed ECG compression schemes.
Abstract: A wavelet electrocardiogram (ECG) data codec based on the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) compression algorithm is proposed in this paper. The SPIHT algorithm (A. Said and W.A. Pearlman, IEEE Trans. Ccts. Syst. II, vol. 6, p. 243-50, 1996) has achieved notable success in still image coding. The authors modified the algorithm for the one-dimensional case and applied it to compression of ECG data. Experiments on selected records from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database revealed that the proposed codec is significantly more efficient in compression and in computation than previously proposed ECG compression schemes. The coder also attains exact bit rate control and generates a bit stream progressive in quality or rate.
521 citations
"Performance evaluation of ECG compr..." refers background in this paper
...The effect of compression is observed on reconstruction of the original data [10], [11], [12], [13]....
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01 Apr 1987
385 citations
"Performance evaluation of ECG compr..." refers background in this paper
...3) Discrete Cosine Transform: Discrete cosine transform (DCT) [20] is a frequency domain compression technique which uses orthogonal transform to the signal....
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TL;DR: A preprocessing program developed for real-time monitoring of the electrocardiogram by digital computer has proved useful for rhythm analysis.
Abstract: A preprocessing program developed for real-time monitoring of the electrocardiogram by digital computer has proved useful for rhythm analysis. The program suppresses low amplitude signals, reduces the data rate by a factor of about 10, and codes the result in a form convenient for analysis.
374 citations
"Performance evaluation of ECG compr..." refers methods in this paper
...The first one is direct data compression method, in which data are analyzed and compressed in time domain directly [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]....
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