Performance evaluation of multicast routing protocols in ad-hoc networks
01 Dec 2012-pp 757-761
TL;DR: A simulation of a set of wireless ad hoc multicast protocols is evaluated under various network scenarios and the relative pros, cons, and area of application of each multicast protocol to different situations are compared using parameters like throughput, packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay.
Abstract: Mobile ad-hoc networks are flexible networks that support upcoming group applications like spontaneous joint activities and emergency operations It consists of nodes which are mobile and without a wired infrastructure During mobility of nodes and band-width constraints, the multicast routing protocols faces difficulty in routing There are different varieties of multicast protocols proposed for ad hoc networks Here, a simulation of a set of wireless ad hoc multicast protocols is evaluated under various network scenarios The relative pros, cons, and area of application of each multicast protocol to different situations are compared using parameters like throughput, packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay The Multicast routing protocols like ODMRP (On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol), MAODV (Multicast Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) and MOSPF (Multicast Open Shortest Path First) are considered for the evaluation and the simulation is performed using QUALNET
Citations
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01 Sep 2014
TL;DR: If all the metrics are considered then ODMRP outperforms the other protocols due to consistent performance and if only Throughput and Packet delivery ratio is concerned than it is observed that MAODV performs better.
Abstract: A MANET is an autonomous collection of mobile users where network topology may change rapidly and unpredictably over time. In case of more number of receivers, multicasting is the appropriate mechanism. For MANETs many multicast protocols have been proposed and prominent among them are On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP), Multicast Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (MAODV), Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM), Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF) and Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP). In this work, performance metrics for these protocols are first identified and then simulation is performed to analyze their performance in different scenarios varying the multicast group size. QoS metrics identified in this work are multicast throughput, average multicast end to end delay, average multicast jitter, packet delivery ratio, control overhead and link utilization. Qualnet 6.1 simulator has been used to calculate these metrics. The overall results obtained conclude that if all the metrics are considered then ODMRP outperforms the other protocols due to consistent performance. End to end delay, Jitter and Control overhead of MAODV is largest among all. But if only Throughput and Packet delivery ratio is concerned than it is observed that MAODV performs better.
4 citations
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: This paper will give an overview of the different approaches that have been recently developed to resolve the issues related to QoS support over Multicast Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.
Abstract: Multicasting Routing in Mobile Ad hoc networks faces various issues related to Quality of Services (QoS) which suffer from behavior of routing protocols, topology, group management, security and group mobility. QoS constraints can be categorized by their application domains also i.e. for military, we need to maintain QoS for confidentiality and data integrity by compromising with control overhead, in case of real time applications, we need to maintain QoS for throughput by maintaining jitter, delay and packet delivery ratio etc. In this paper, we will give an overview of the different approaches that have been recently developed to resolve the issues related to QoS support over Multicast Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.
2 citations
01 Sep 2014
TL;DR: This paper aims to present a clear view to the MANET researchers and application developers so that they could select the multicast protocol accordingly for their work.
Abstract: A MANET consists of self-coordinating mobile nodes which show dynamic behavior during their multicast operations. Thus, it is imperative to obtain the best way to provide multicast services in this kind of environment. For this purpose investigation and quantification of existing multicast routing protocols is the foremost step. In this article detailed discussion is done regarding basic behaviors of the multicast protocols and the types of services provided by them. Multicast protocols have different layers of operation namely, network layer, application layer and MAC layer. In this work the coherent survey of existing network layer multicast routing protocols is done .The various routing mechanisms and the application/services are also discussed. The classification of protocols on the basis of their types of routing mechanism and type of application/services, provide the comprehensive information about the protocols. Thus this paper aims to present a clear view to the MANET researchers and application developers so that they could select the multicast protocol accordingly for their work.
1 citations
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: This paper describes three of mesh-operated multicast routing protocols, compares them, and proposes a solution that overcomes the challenges in the existing protocols.
Abstract: In a network that is wireless, ad hoc, mobile, with forever differing topology, the need for a routing protocol arises for locating routes to nodes of the network so that a sender and a receiver can talk to each other via packets. An important task is to write a routing algorithm that will search, the cost-effective route, in terms of distance and overheads, between every source–target pair. In MANETs, there is a need for multicast routing because data packets are transmitted to dynamically changing groups. Therefore, multicast routing protocols should ensure that certain parameter values are achieved. In such networks, link breakage often happens. But when there are numerous paths available between the same pair of source and sink, the robustness of the network increases. This is the case with mesh-operated multicast routing protocols. This paper describes three of such protocols, compares them, and proposes a solution that overcomes the challenges in the existing protocols.
References
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Book•
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: The book starts off with the fundamentals of wireless networking (wireless PANs, LANs, MANs, WANs, and wireless Internet) and goes on to address such current topics as Wi-Fi networks, optical wireless networks, and hybrid wireless architectures.
Abstract: Practical design and performance solutions for every ad hoc wireless networkAd Hoc Wireless Networks comprise mobile devices that use wireless transmission for communication. They can be set up anywhere and any time because they eliminate the complexities of infrastructure setup and central administration-and they have enormous commercial and military potential. Now, there's a book that addresses every major issue related to their design and performance. Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols presents state-of-the-art techniques and solutions, and supports them with easy-to-understand examples. The book starts off with the fundamentals of wireless networking (wireless PANs, LANs, MANs, WANs, and wireless Internet) and goes on to address such current topics as Wi-Fi networks, optical wireless networks, and hybrid wireless architectures. Coverage includes: Medium access control, routing, multicasting, and transport protocols QoS provisioning, energy management, security, multihop pricing, and much more In-depth discussion of wireless sensor networks and ultra wideband technology More than 200 examples and end-of-chapter problemsAd Hoc Wireless Networks is an invaluable resource for every network engineer, technical manager, and researcher designing or building ad hoc wireless networks.
1,629 citations
TL;DR: The protocol independent multicast (PIM) architecture maintains the traditional IP multicast service model of receiver-initiated membership, supports both shared and source-specific (shortest-path) distribution trees, and uses soft-state mechanisms to adapt to underlying network conditions and group dynamics.
Abstract: The purpose of multicast routing is to reduce the communication costs for applications that send the same data to multiple recipients. Existing multicast routing mechanisms were intended for use within regions where a group is widely represented or bandwidth is universally plentiful. When group members, and senders to those group members, are distributed sparsely across a wide area, these schemes are not efficient; data packets or membership report information are occasionally sent over many links that do not lead to receivers or senders, respectively. We have developed a multicast routing architecture that efficiently establishes distribution trees across wide area internets, where many groups will be sparsely represented. Efficiency is measured in terms of the router state, control message processing, and data packet processing, required across the entire network in order to deliver data packets to the members of the group. Our protocol independent multicast (PIM) architecture: (a) maintains the traditional IP multicast service model of receiver-initiated membership, (b) supports both shared and source-specific (shortest-path) distribution trees, (c) is not dependent on a specific unicast routing protocol, and (d) uses soft-state mechanisms to adapt to underlying network conditions and group dynamics. The robustness, flexibility, and scaling properties of this architecture make it well-suited to large heterogeneous internetworks.
863 citations
01 Jul 2003
TL;DR: How the SSM service model addresses the challenges faced in inter-domain multicast deployment, changes needed to routing protocols and applications to deploy SSM and interoperability issues with current multicast service models are discussed.
Abstract: The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) and issues related to its deployment. It discusses how the SSM service model addresses the challenges faced in inter-domain multicast deployment, changes needed to routing protocols and applications to deploy SSM and interoperability issues with current multicast service models.
313 citations
TL;DR: This paper evaluates the performance of mesh and tree-based multicast routing schemes relative to flooding and recommend protocols most suitable for specific MANET scenarios and proposes two variations of flooding, scoped flooding and hyper flooding, as a means to reduce overhead and increase reliability.
Abstract: Recently, it became apparent that group-oriented services are one of the primary application classes targeted by MANETs. As a result, several MANET-specific multicast routing protocols have been proposed. Although these protocols perform well under specific mobility scenarios, traffic loads, and network conditions, no single protocol has been shown to be optimal in all scenarios. The goal of this paper is to characterize the performance of multicast protocols over a wide range of MANET scenarios. To this end, we evaluate the performance of mesh and tree-based multicast routing schemes relative to flooding and recommend protocols most suitable for specific MANET scenarios. Based on the analysis and simulation results, we also propose two variations of flooding, scoped flooding and hyper flooding, as a means to reduce overhead and increase reliability, respectively. Another contribution of the paper is a simulation-based comparative study of the proposed flooding variations against plain flooding, mesh, and tree-based MANET routing. In our simulations, in addition to "synthetic" scenarios, we also used more realistic MANET settings, such as conferencing and emergency response.
139 citations