scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Performance modeling of Delay Tolerant Network routing via Queueing Petri Nets

TL;DR: This paper develops QPN models for DTNs of increasing complexity in an incremental fashion and finds that the model accurately captures the behavior of a DTN in numerous realistic scenarios, showing the efficacy of QPNs as a suitable modeling framework for evaluating the DTN routing protocols.
Abstract: With the advent of wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi Direct and Near Field Communication (NFC), Peer-to-Peer (P2P) content sharing among mobile devices is set to become more ubiquitous Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs)-with their rudimentary direct delivery routing protocol-can be leveraged to provide seamless connectivity in such scenarios To the best of our knowledge, little has been done to understand the performance of DTNs under realistic settings involving the interplay of diverse factors such as bundle fragmentation, scheduling, and buffer spacing In this paper, we present a Queueing Petri Net (QPN) abstraction of DTNs that enables us to evaluate the underlying network's performance Our model is novel in its ability to capture bundle fragmentation, scheduling, and buffer spacing put together We proceed to evaluate the veracity of the model by involving QPN evaluation using the SimQPN tool and simulation of the underlying DTN using the ONE simulator We find that the model successfully predicts the performance of the underlying network to a high degree of accuracy
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A stochastic analytical framework is presented to study the performance of ERNC in VCPS with intermittent connections using a token-bucket model, which can provide a much more accurate results than any existing work on the unicast delivery performance analysis of ER NC inVCPS.
Abstract: Vehicular Cyber-Physical System (VCPS) provides CPS services via exploring the sensing, computing and communication capabilities on vehicles. VCPS is deeply influenced by the performance of the underlying vehicular network with intermittent connections, which make existing routing solutions hardly to be applied directly. Epidemic routing, especially the one using random linear network coding, has been studied and proved as an efficient way in the consideration of delivery performance. Much pioneering work has tried to figure out how epidemic routing using network coding (ERNC) performs in VCPS, either by simulation or by analysis. However, none of them has been able to expose the potential of ERNC accurately. In this paper, we present a stochastic analytical framework to study the performance of ERNC in VCPS with intermittent connections. By novelly modeling ERNC in VCPS using a token-bucket model, our framework can provide a much more accurate results than any existing work on the unicast delivery performance analysis of ERNC in VCPS. The correctness of our analytical results has also been confirmed by our extensive simulations.

21 citations


Cites methods from "Performance modeling of Delay Toler..."

  • ...[27], [28] apply Queuing Petri-Net and derive the end-to-end delivery delay from the modeled semi-Markov process....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work proposes three prediction-based offloading schemes that exploit the mobility patterns and temporal contacts of nodes to predict future data transfer opportunities and indicates significant improvement in performance compared to existing approaches.
Abstract: Recent years have seen a significant growth in Internet of Things (IoT) technology consisting of a large number of devices embedded with sensors and deployed to perform monitoring and actuation tasks. The IoT devices collect large volumes of data that is usually uploaded to cloud to perform analytics and predictions. One of the main challenges in IoT is the transportation of large-scale data collected over a period of time at a remote site. Cellular networks are already facing explosive growth of mobile data traffic due to the proliferation of smart devices and traffic-intensive applications. An alternate solution is to perform the data offloading, where a portion of data can be offloaded from primary links and transferred using opportunistic terminal-to-terminal (T2T) network that relies on direct communication between mobile users, without any need for an infrastructure backbone. However, such approach may lead to data loss and delay if dynamics of time-varying topology and mobility of nodes is not taken care of. To address this challenge, we propose three prediction-based offloading schemes that exploit the mobility patterns and temporal contacts of nodes to predict future data transfer opportunities. We have utilized the High-level Petri Nets to model and formally analyzed the communication processes of the proposed schemes. The new symbolic model verifier (NuSMV) has been employed for the verification of the three schemes against the identified constraints. The verification results affirm the correctness and scalability of the models. The protocols are evaluated with performance metrics, such as the delivery ratio, latency, and overhead. Our results indicate significant improvement in performance compared to existing approaches.

19 citations


Cites methods from "Performance modeling of Delay Toler..."

  • ...Moreover, the authors in [42] made use of the Queueing Petri Nets to...

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This survey presents various Petri nets-based models for their suitability analysis for use in safety critical systems of nuclear power plant (NPP) and aids in the identification of appropriate approaches and promising research areas for the future.

8 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present various Petri nets-based models for their suitability analysis for use in safety critical systems (SCS) of nuclear power plant (NPP).

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Simulation results show that compared to other traditional DTN (Delay-Tolerant Networks) protocols, VDNC algorithm has a higher delivery rate and lower transmission delay and the carbon dioxide emission is also able to achieve a minimum for the purpose of environmental protection.
Abstract: —There are problems of low delivery radio and high transmission delay in Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks (a.b. VDTN. To address these problems, this paper proposes a Vehicular Delay-tolerant Network routing algorithm based on Contention (a.b. VDNC). VDTN algorithm consists of three strategies: the intersection selection strategy based on the Manhattan distance and traffic information, the first competitive strategy based on the direction of movement and the second competitive strategy based on the position information. Moreover, traffic light also plays an important role to ease traffic congestion and reduce transmission delay. So an Adaptive Traffic-light Control algorithm based on GreenComputing (a.b. ATCG) is proposed. ATCG algorithm involves the following two parts: the calculation of the optimal sequence and that of the recommended speed. Simulation results show that compared to other traditional DTN (Delay-Tolerant Networks) protocols, VDNC algorithm has a higher delivery rate and lower transmission delay. And meanwhile, ATCG algorithm enables vehicles pass through the intersection with fewer stoppages and shorter waiting time. At the same time, the carbon dioxide emission is also able to achieve a minimum for the purpose of environmental protection. Consequently, the collaboration between VDNC and ATCG can further improve the traffic efficiency in VDTN.

3 citations


Cites methods from "Performance modeling of Delay Toler..."

  • ...[15] take Queueing Petri Nets (QPNs) as a modeling framework to study the performance of DTN routing and develop QPN models for DTNs....

    [...]

References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI

4,028 citations


"Performance modeling of Delay Toler..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...From the theory of minimum function of two random variables [27], the CDF of XMin is given by...

    [...]

Proceedings ArticleDOI
02 Mar 2009
TL;DR: This paper presents the Opportunistic Networking Environment (ONE) simulator specifically designed for evaluating DTN routing and application protocols, and shows sample simulations to demonstrate the simulator's flexible support for DTN protocol evaluation.
Abstract: Delay-tolerant Networking (DTN) enables communication in sparse mobile ad-hoc networks and other challenged environments where traditional networking fails and new routing and application protocols are required. Past experience with DTN routing and application protocols has shown that their performance is highly dependent on the underlying mobility and node characteristics. Evaluating DTN protocols across many scenarios requires suitable simulation tools. This paper presents the Opportunistic Networking Environment (ONE) simulator specifically designed for evaluating DTN routing and application protocols. It allows users to create scenarios based upon different synthetic movement models and real-world traces and offers a framework for implementing routing and application protocols (already including six well-known routing protocols). Interactive visualization and post-processing tools support evaluating experiments and an emulation mode allows the ONE simulator to become part of a real-world DTN testbed. We show sample simulations to demonstrate the simulator's flexible support for DTN protocol evaluation.

2,075 citations

01 Apr 2007
TL;DR: This document describes an architecture that addresses a variety of problems with internetworks having operational and performance characteristics that make conventional (Internet-like) networking approaches either unworkable or impractical.
Abstract: This document describes an architecture for delay-tolerant and disruption-tolerant networks, and is an evolution of the architecture originally designed for the Interplanetary Internet, a communication system envisioned to provide Internet-like services across interplanetary distances in support of deep space exploration. This document describes an architecture that addresses a variety of problems with internetworks having operational and performance characteristics that make conventional (Internet-like) networking approaches either unworkable or impractical. We define a message- oriented overlay that exists above the transport (or other) layers of the networks it interconnects. The document presents a motivation for the architecture, an architectural overview, review of state management required for its operation, and a discussion of application design issues. This document represents the consensus of the IRTF DTN research group and has been widely reviewed by that group. This memo provides information for the Internet community.

975 citations


"Performance modeling of Delay Toler..." refers background in this paper

  • ...DTN routing protocols circumvent intermittent connectivity using the store, carry, and forward mechanism [1] wherein the nodes store messages locally and forward them as and when they come into contact with another node....

    [...]

  • ...DELAY-TOLERANT Networks (DTNs) [1] have been envisaged to provide connectivity in disrupted environments....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The random waypoint model is a commonly used mobility model for simulations of wireless communication networks and some of its fundamental stochastic properties are investigated, including the transition length and time of a mobile node between two waypoints, the spatial distribution of nodes, and the direction angle at the beginning of a movement transition.
Abstract: The random waypoint model is a commonly used mobility model for simulations of wireless communication networks. By giving a formal description of this model in terms of a discrete-time stochastic process, we investigate some of its fundamental stochastic properties with respect to: (a) the transition length and time of a mobile node between two waypoints, (b) the spatial distribution of nodes, (c) the direction angle at the beginning of a movement transition, and (d) the cell change rate if the model is used in a cellular-structured system area. The results of this paper are of practical value for performance analysis of mobile networks and give a deeper understanding of the behavior of this mobility model. Such understanding is necessary to avoid misinterpretation of simulation results. The movement duration and the cell change rate enable us to make a statement about the "degree of mobility" of a certain simulation scenario. Knowledge of the spatial node distribution is essential for all investigations in which the relative location of the mobile nodes is important. Finally, the direction distribution explains in an analytical manner the effect that nodes tend to move back to the middle of the system area.

888 citations


"Performance modeling of Delay Toler..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...As per the RWP mobility model, the IMTs follow an exponential distribution [24] with the rate parameter λ given by λ = 8ωvR πA , (1) where ω is the RWP constant with value 1.3683, A is area of the terrain, v is constant velocity of the node, and R is transmission radius of the node....

    [...]

  • ...The CTs in RWP happen to follow the log-normal distribution as has been found by empirical analysis for a large number of scenarios [25]....

    [...]

  • ...2 and 3 show the delivery ratio and delivery delay of the network for RWP and MBM mobility models, respectively across the three aforementioned evaluation frameworks....

    [...]

  • ...We again consider a set of identical nodes moving according to the RWP mobility model in a bounded terrain....

    [...]

  • ...We consider two different mobility models for our experiments, a Map Based Mobility model (MBM) [6] and the Random WayPoint (RWP) [23] mobility model....

    [...]