Performance of generalized frequency division multiplexing over gamma gamma free space optical link
TL;DR: The closed form expressions of symbol error and outage probabilities with and without pointing errors are derived for GFDM over gamma–gamma channel model and verified with the Monte-Carlo simulations.
About: This article is published in Optics Communications.The article was published on 2020-07-01. It has received 9 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing & Free-space optical communication.
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01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: This paper gives a tutorial overview of OFDM highlighting the aspects that are likely to be important in optical applications and the constraints imposed by single mode optical fiber, multimode optical fiber and optical wireless.
Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a modulation technique which is now used in most new and emerging broadband wired and wireless communication systems because it is an effective solution to intersymbol interference caused by a dispersive channel. Very recently a number of researchers have shown that OFDM is also a promising technology for optical communications. This paper gives a tutorial overview of OFDM highlighting the aspects that are likely to be important in optical applications. To achieve good performance in optical systems OFDM must be adapted in various ways. The constraints imposed by single mode optical fiber, multimode optical fiber and optical wireless are discussed and the new forms of optical OFDM which have been developed are outlined. The main drawbacks of OFDM are its high peak to average power ratio and its sensitivity to phase noise and frequency offset. The impairments that these cause are described and their implications for optical systems discussed.
96 citations
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TL;DR: This survey presents the overview of several key technologies and implications of state-of-the-art criteria in terms of spectrum reuse, classification, architecture and applications of Free space optical technology among different appealing optical wireless technologies.
Abstract: Optical wireless communication (OWC) covering an ultra-wide range of unlicensed spectrum has emerged as an extent efficient solution to mitigate conventional RF spectrum scarcity ranging from communication distances from nm to several kilometers. Free space optical (FSO) systems operating near IR (NIR) band in OWC links has received substantial attention for enormous data transmission between fixed transceivers covering few kilometers path distance due to high optical bandwidth and higher bit rate as well. Despite the potential benefits of FSO technology, its widespread link reliability suffers especially in the long-range deployment due to atmospheric turbulence, cloud induced fading, some other environmental factors such as fog, aerosol, temperature variations, storms, heavy rain, cloud, pointing error, and scintillation. FSO has the potential to offloading massive traffic demands from RF networks, consequently the combined application of FSO/RF and radio over FSO (RoFSO) systems is regarded as an excellent solution to support 5G and beyond for improving the limitations of an individual system. This survey presents the overview of several key technologies and implications of state-of-the-art criteria in terms of spectrum reuse, classification, architecture and applications are described for understanding FSO. This paper provides principle, significance, demonstration, and recent technological development of FSO technology among different appealing optical wireless technologies. The opportunities in the near future, the potential challenges that need to be addressed to realize the successful deployment of FSO schemes are outlined.
38 citations
Cites background from "Performance of generalized frequenc..."
...5) Free Space Optical (FSO) Communication: [35], [40], [41], [60]–[63], [104]–[108], [109]–[118] FSO is a subset of OWC technology, is typically used NIR spectrum as channel medium where the...
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01 Jul 2020
TL;DR: The joint influence of time jitter effect and weak atmospheric turbulence is modeled with the gamma distribution at the average BER performance of serially relayed Decode-and-Forward terrestrial FSO links for two typical modulation schemes, i.e. OOK and PAM.
Abstract: In recent years, the increasing research and commercial interest for FSO communication systems has included them among the popular and effective communication technologies worldwide. Nevertheless, the main drawback of the terrestrial FSO links is related to the randomly time-varying atmospheric characteristics. In this work, the joint influence of time jitter effect and weak atmospheric turbulence, modeled with the gamma distribution, at the average BER performance of serially relayed Decode-and-Forward terrestrial FSO links, is investigated for two typical modulation schemes, i.e. OOK and PAM. The scope of this work is to extract accurate closed-form mathematical expressions for the system’s performance estimation. Furthermore, the corresponding numerical results are presented for various typical FSO parameter values.
4 citations
Additional excerpts
...Thus, the randomly time-varying characteristics of the FSO channels impose the use of a variety of statistical methods, in order to cope with the probabilistic uncertainty of the receiver’s fluctuating signal power due to weather conditions and atmospheric turbulence effects, [5-12]....
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TL;DR: The performance improvement of GFDM over FSO links by employing maximum ratio transmission (MRT) technique is presented and the asymptotic and closed form expressions for both symbol error probability and outage probability are derived forGFDM over gamma-gamma channel model.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the outage probability and the BER performance of group velocity dispersion and time jitter were jointly investigated analytically and numerically, and the availability of the studied model was expressed in terms of outage probability, while its reliability was given in the average bit error rate, through the derived novel mathematical expressions.
Abstract: FSO is one of the most widespread, low-cost, wireless, optical communicational technologies with sufficiently high throughput, transmission reliability, and high-level security. Nevertheless, many fading effects act on the optical pulses used, during their propagation, causing performance degradation. In this work, group velocity dispersion and time jitter, modeled by the truncated normal distribution, are jointly investigated analytically and numerically. The availability of the studied model is expressed in terms of outage probability, while its reliability is given in terms of its average bit error rate, through the derived novel mathematical expressions. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that the outage and the BER performance are estimated analytically, through specific approximations, taking into account the abovementioned physical effects. Furthermore, using the obtained mathematical forms, the corresponding numerical results are presented by assuming typical parameter values for realistic FSO links.
2 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give a tutorial overview of OFDM and highlight the aspects that are likely to be important in optical applications, and discuss the constraints imposed by single mode optical fiber, multimode optical fiber and optical wireless.
Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a modulation technique which is now used in most new and emerging broadband wired and wireless communication systems because it is an effective solution to intersymbol interference caused by a dispersive channel. Very recently a number of researchers have shown that OFDM is also a promising technology for optical communications. This paper gives a tutorial overview of OFDM highlighting the aspects that are likely to be important in optical applications. To achieve good performance in optical systems OFDM must be adapted in various ways. The constraints imposed by single mode optical fiber, multimode optical fiber and optical wireless are discussed and the new forms of optical OFDM which have been developed are outlined. The main drawbacks of OFDM are its high peak to average power ratio and its sensitivity to phase noise and frequency offset. The impairments that these cause are described and their implications for optical systems discussed.
1,761 citations
TL;DR: An up-to-date survey on FSO communication systems is presented, describing FSO channel models and transmitter/receiver structures and details on information theoretical limits of FSO channels and algorithmic-level system design research activities to approach these limits are provided.
Abstract: Optical wireless communication (OWC) refers to transmission in unguided propagation media through the use of optical carriers, i.e., visible, infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV) bands. In this survey, we focus on outdoor terrestrial OWC links which operate in near IR band. These are widely referred to as free space optical (FSO) communication in the literature. FSO systems are used for high rate communication between two fixed points over distances up to several kilometers. In comparison to radio-frequency (RF) counterparts, FSO links have a very high optical bandwidth available, allowing much higher data rates. They are appealing for a wide range of applications such as metropolitan area network (MAN) extension, local area network (LAN)-to-LAN connectivity, fiber back-up, backhaul for wireless cellular networks, disaster recovery, high definition TV and medical image/video transmission, wireless video surveillance/monitoring, and quantum key distribution among others. Despite the major advantages of FSO technology and variety of its application areas, its widespread use has been hampered by its rather disappointing link reliability particularly in long ranges due to atmospheric turbulence-induced fading and sensitivity to weather conditions. In the last five years or so, there has been a surge of interest in FSO research to address these major technical challenges. Several innovative physical layer concepts, originally introduced in the context of RF systems, such as multiple-input multiple-output communication, cooperative diversity, and adaptive transmission have been recently explored for the design of next generation FSO systems. In this paper, we present an up-to-date survey on FSO communication systems. The first part describes FSO channel models and transmitter/receiver structures. In the second part, we provide details on information theoretical limits of FSO channels and algorithmic-level system design research activities to approach these limits. Specific topics include advances in modulation, channel coding, spatial/cooperative diversity techniques, adaptive transmission, and hybrid RF/FSO systems.
1,749 citations
TL;DR: This survey provides the reader with comprehensive details on the use of space-based optical backhaul links in order to provide high capacity and low cost backhaul solutions.
Abstract: In recent years, free space optical (FSO) communication has gained significant importance owing to its unique features: large bandwidth, license free spectrum, high data rate, easy and quick deployability, less power, and low mass requirements. FSO communication uses optical carrier in the near infrared band to establish either terrestrial links within the Earth’s atmosphere or inter-satellite/deep space links or ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground links. It also finds its applications in remote sensing, radio astronomy, military, disaster recovery, last mile access, backhaul for wireless cellular networks, and many more. However, despite of great potential of FSO communication, its performance is limited by the adverse effects (viz., absorption, scattering, and turbulence) of the atmospheric channel. Out of these three effects, the atmospheric turbulence is a major challenge that may lead to serious degradation in the bit error rate performance of the system and make the communication link infeasible. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on various challenges faced by FSO communication system for ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground and inter-satellite links. It also provides details of various performance mitigation techniques in order to have high link availability and reliability. The first part of this paper will focus on various types of impairments that pose a serious challenge to the performance of optical communication system for ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground and inter-satellite links. The latter part of this paper will provide the reader with an exhaustive review of various techniques both at physical layer as well as at the other layers (link, network, or transport layer) to combat the adverse effects of the atmosphere. It also uniquely presents a recently developed technique using orbital angular momentum for utilizing the high capacity advantage of optical carrier in case of space-based and near-Earth optical communication links. This survey provides the reader with comprehensive details on the use of space-based optical backhaul links in order to provide high capacity and low cost backhaul solutions.
970 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that repeated clipping and frequency domain filtering of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal can significantly reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal.
Abstract: It is shown that repeated clipping and frequency domain filtering of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal can significantly reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal. The technique causes no increase in out-of-band power. Significant PAPR reduction can be achieved with only moderate levels of clipping noise.
896 citations
TL;DR: The flexible nature of GFDM makes this waveform a suitable candidate for future 5G networks, and its main characteristics are analyzed.
Abstract: Cellular systems of the fourth generation (4G) have been optimized to provide high data rates and reliable coverage to mobile users. Cellular systems of the next generation will face more diverse application requirements: the demand for higher data rates exceeds 4G capabilities; battery-driven communication sensors need ultra-low power consumption; and control applications require very short response times. We envision a unified physical layer waveform, referred to as generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), to address these requirements. In this paper, we analyze the main characteristics of the proposed waveform and highlight relevant features. After introducing the principles of GFDM, this paper contributes to the following areas: 1) the means for engineering the waveform's spectral properties; 2) analytical analysis of symbol error performance over different channel models; 3) concepts for MIMO-GFDM to achieve diversity; 4) preamble-based synchronization that preserves the excellent spectral properties of the waveform; 5) bit error rate performance for channel coded GFDM transmission using iterative receivers; 6) relevant application scenarios and suitable GFDM parameterizations; and 7) GFDM proof-of-concept and implementation aspects of the prototype using hardware platforms available today. In summary, the flexible nature of GFDM makes this waveform a suitable candidate for future 5G networks.
809 citations