Performance of lime-treated marine clay on strength and compressibility chracteristics
01 Mar 2015-International Journal of Geomate (The GEOMATE International Society)-Vol. 8, Iss: 1, pp 1232-1238
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of laboratory test has been conducted to determine the potential of lime to stabilize marine clay to form the basis of a strong, reliable land for construction of roads and building.
Abstract: The presence of marine clay in Iskandar Malaysia Region, Nusajaya has caused expensive solutions in the construction of structures and roads. Alternatively, soil treatment is suggested to increase the strength of the unsuitable material to meet the constructions requirement for foundation and also to achieve the specifications for development work. In this study, a series of laboratory test has been conducted to determine the potential of lime to stabilize marine clay to form the basis of a strong, reliable land for construction of roads and building. Testing program involves obtaining specimens of marine clays from various locations at Iskandar Malaysia Region, followed by laboratory tests to determine the physical and engineering properties with and without the addition of lime. The proportions of hydrated lime added are 3%, 6% and 9% to the untreated marine clay and tested at 7 and 28 days curing periods. Results show an increase in strength with increasing lime content. In addition, strength also increases significantly as early as 7 curing days and continues for 28 curing days. In agreement with the strength tests, compression characteristics improved with increasing lime content and as time prolonged. Hence, lime is successful and considered effective to improve the strength and compressibility behavior of Marine clay.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of percentages of DTM on the physical and mechanical properties of marine clay, which included the Atterberg limits, particle-size distribution, compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and pH.
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TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the published literature on the use of recycled tyres and tiles to stabilize and enhance soft soils was carried out in this article, where the suitability of recycled tiles and tyres in soil stabilization has been discussed with regard to enhancement of strength and reduction of settlement.
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TL;DR: In this article, the geotechnical, micro-structure and engineering properties of marine clay are thoroughly reviewed and discussed and a guideline for the design and construction of projects on marine soils is provided.
Abstract: Marine clay is a soft soil that could be found widely at the coastal and offshore areas. This type of soil is usually associated with high settlement and instability, poor soil properties that are not suitable for engineering requirements and low unconfined compressive strength of less than 20 kPa. Considerable failure could occur even with light loads and it shows flat or featureless surface. This kind of soil is considered as problematic due to the existence of high moisture content and usually exists as slurry with noticeable percentage of expandable clay minerals. In this paper, the geotechnical, micro-structure and engineering properties of marine clay are thoroughly reviewed and discussed. The properties include moisture content, particle size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, mineral compositions and shear strength. Moreover, due to the increasing demand of construction at coastal and offshore areas involving the marine clay, many attempts have been made to stabilize this kind of soil in order to solve the geotechnical related problems. Some of the common stabilization methods used to improve the properties of marine clay such as cement grouting, chemical additives and some environmental friendly additives are discussed. In long term, marine clay treatment using cement was found to be the best method. In addition, this paper serves as a guideline for the design and construction of projects on marine soils.
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Cites background or result from "Performance of lime-treated marine ..."
...Furthermore, a research was conducted at Nusajaya, Johor by Yunus et al. (2015) showed that montmorillonite was the main...
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...In addition, marine clay usually consists of soil minerals such as chlorite, kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite, and other stone minerals such as quartz and feldspar that are all bonded together by the presence of organic matters (Rahman et al., 2013; Yunus et al., 2015)....
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...Marine clays are greatly susceptible to changes in the moisture content and when exist beneath pavements or foundations, they are unstable and their performance is often unpredictable (Yunus et al., 2015)....
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...minerals such as chlorite, kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite, and other stone minerals such as quartz and feldspar that are all bonded together by the presence of organic matters (Rahman et al., 2013; Yunus et al., 2015)....
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...Moreover, Yunus et al. (2015) also conducted a study on the same soil but with different soil additive....
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27 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, a new normalizing parameter called the void index is introduced to aid in correlating the compression characteristics of various clays, such as sedimentation compression curves for most, but not all, natural clays lie well above the corresponding intrinsic compression curves.
Abstract: The compressibility and strength characteristics of reconstituted clays are used as a basic frame of reference for interpreting the corresponding characteristics of natural sedimentary clays. The properties of reconstituted clays are termed ‘intrinsic’ properties since they are inherent to the soil and independent of the natural state. The properties of a natural clay differ from its intrinsic properties due to the influence of soil structure (fabric and bonding). Thus the intrinsic properties provide a frame of reference for assessing the in situ state of a natural clay and the influence of structure on its in situ properties. A new normalizing parameter called the void index is introduced to aid in correlating the compression characteristics of various clays. The sedimentation compression curves for most, but not all, natural clays lie well above the corresponding intrinsic compression curves. A consequence of this is that such clays are more sensitive and brittle than the reconstituted material and the...
1,485 citations
"Performance of lime-treated marine ..." refers background in this paper
...Consequently, a decrease in cv values were observed on lime-treated marine clay with higher lime content[15], [16], [17], [18], [19]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors review some of the key advances developed over the past 60 years in improving our understanding of the nature and methods of modifying and stabilizing expansive clay soils.
Abstract: Expansive clay soils—those that change significantly in volume with changes in water content—are the cause of distortions to structures that cost taxpayers several billion dollars annually in the United States. Much has been learned about their behavior over the past 60 years, and relatively successful methods have been developed to modify and stabilize them. This paper reviews some of the key advances developed over the past 60 years in improving our understanding of the nature and methods of modifying and stabilizing expansive clay soils. The state of the practice in stabilization is presented, and practical and research needs to help improve the state of the practice are discussed.
308 citations
"Performance of lime-treated marine ..." refers background in this paper
...Marine clay soils in particular can present great problems in pavement design due to uncertainty associated with their performance [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]....
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TL;DR: The physical and engineering properties of remolded clays are intrinsic and can be used as a frame of reference for the behavior of remold clays as mentioned in this paper, which is useful and practical tools for assessing the intrinsic compressibility and permeability of non- to high-swelling clays in terms of liquid limit.
143 citations
"Performance of lime-treated marine ..." refers background in this paper
...Marine clay soils in particular can present great problems in pavement design due to uncertainty associated with their performance [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantify the influence of the amount of lime, the porosity, and the moisture content on the strength of a lime-treated sandy lean clay soil, as well as evaluate the use of a water/lime ratio and a voids /lime ratio to assess its unconfined compression strength.
Abstract: The addition of lime is an attractive technique when the project requires improvement of the local soil. The treatment of soils with lime finds an application, for instance, in the construction of pavement base layers, in slope protection of earth dams, and as a support layer for shallow foundations. However, there are no dosage methodologies based on rational criteria as exist in the case of the concrete, where the water/cement ratio plays a fundamental role in the assessment of the target strength, and in the case of soil-cement technology, where the voids/cement ratio is shown to be a good parameter for the estimation of unconfined compression strength. This study, therefore, aims to quantify the influence of the amount of lime, the porosity, and the moisture content on the strength of a lime-treated sandy lean clay soil, as well as to evaluate the use of a water/lime ratio and a voids/lime ratio to assess its unconfined compression strength. A number of unconfined compression tests and measurements of matric suction were carried out. The results show that the unconfined compression strength increased linearly with the increase in the lime content as well as with the reduction in porosity of the compacted mixture. The change in moisture content has not presented an obvious effect on the unconfined compression strength of mixtures compacted at the same dry density. It was shown that, for the soil-lime mixture in an unsaturated state which is usual for compacted fills, the water/lime ratio is not a good parameter for the assessment of unconfined compression strength. In contrast, the voids/lime ratio, defined as the ratio between the porosity of the compacted mixture and the volumetric lime content, is demonstrated to be the most appropriate parameter to assess the unconfined compression strength of the soi-lime mixture studied.
122 citations
"Performance of lime-treated marine ..." refers background in this paper
...Furthermore, by increasing the curing period, the strength of marine clay is also reinforced [9], [10], [11]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, four clayey soils displaying the range of properties of the marine clays from eastern Canada were selected for this study and treated with different amounts of quick, hydrated and agricultural lime, at different water contents.
115 citations
"Performance of lime-treated marine ..." refers background in this paper
...This is due to the pozzolanic reactions between lime and soil [12], [13], [14]....
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