Performance of Natural Coagulants on Greywater Treatment
TL;DR: The turbidity removal efficiency for tamarind seeds, moringa oleifera, banana peels and fly ash were found to be 61.33%, 85.75%, 90.42%, 94.27% against 96.49% obtained from alum on treating with synthetic grey water under identical conditions.
Abstract: Reusing waste water by appropriate treatment is an effective method for substantiating the ever increasing water demand for construction, irrigation, domestic and industrial purposes. The greywater is the domestic waste water that does not contain the toilet effluent and it is converted and used for non-potable purpose through coagulation and flocculation by using natural coagulant.The main objective of this work is to evaluate the coagulating efficiencies of various natural coagulants on synthetic greywater by varying pH, mixing speed, mixing time and coagulant dosage.Powdered coagulants obtained from tamarind seeds, moringa oleifera, banana peels and fly ash were compared with conventional commercial coagulants like alum for synthetic and real greywater.The natural coagulants have shown significant performance compared to chemicals like alum.The turbidity removal efficiency for tamarind seeds, moringa oleifera, banana peels and fly ash were found to be 61.33%, 85.75%, 90.42%, 94.27% against 96.49% obtained from alum on treating with synthetic grey water under identical conditions.
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TL;DR: In this article, the used of naturally-occurring polymers as coagulants in wastewater treatment is described and these polymers have more potential for coagulation and are also eco-friendly and biodegradable in nature.
40 citations
24 May 2021
TL;DR: In this article, a transition from the use of chemical to natural coagulant is highly suggested as the performance of the natural co-agulants is comparable to that of the chemical ones and in some cases even better.
Abstract: The use of conventional chemical coagulant in treatment of wastewater is gaining great attention. Drawbacks related to the prolonged effects on human health and environment due to the generation of by-product non-biodegradable sludge are becoming the latest topics. Transition from chemical to natural coagulant can be a good strategy to reduce the aforementioned drawbacks. Therefore, this review aims to provide critical discussions on the use of natural coagulant along with the comparative evaluation over the chemical coagulant. Treatment performances by chemical and natural coagulant have been reviewed on various types of wastewater with different success rates. Based on this review, a transition from the use of chemical to natural coagulant is highly suggested as the performance of the natural coagulant is comparable to that of the chemical coagulant and in some cases even better. The comparative advantages and disadvantages also convinced that the natural coagulant stands a great chance to be used as an alternative over the chemical coagulant. Though the current utilization of natural coagulant is encouraging, three main aspects were overlooked by researchers: active coagulant agent, extraction, and optimization due to different wastewater characteristics. Furthermore, delving into these aspects could clarify the uncertainties on the natural coagulant. Hence, it makes this transition a prospect of green technology with sustainable application towards wastewater treatment.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the role of antibiotics and the resistance mechanism of ARB are discussed in depth and the fate of ARGs in an aquatic environment and detection methods are compared comprehensively and discussed.
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TL;DR: This review attempts to provide a critical insight into the frugal and eco-friendly technologies under three groups viz. microbial technologies, bio preparations and integrated eco-technologies by considering various factors such as optimum operating conditions, underlying mechanisms, efficiency, techno-economic viability, and potential challenges.
Abstract: The global paucity of water resources and the degradation of water quality have necessitated a need for the restoration of water bodies for the last two decades. Due to increasingly stringent requirements in quality, reliability, economics and sustainability, treatment of polluted water employing traditional technologies has become a formidable challenge many a time in meeting the desired goals. Green technologies are identified as a sustainable method that can boost social and economic growth, conserve natural resources and reduce detrimental impacts on the environment and social wellbeing. However, less effort has been made to render a comprehensive overview from the perspective of the real-world application of these technologies and their underlying mechanisms. This review attempts to provide a critical insight into the frugal and eco-friendly technologies under three groups viz. microbial technologies, bio preparations and integrated eco-technologies by considering various factors such as optimum operating conditions, underlying mechanisms, efficiency, techno-economic viability, and potential challenges. Among these, integrated ecotechnologies have shown the best performance for the removal of a wide range of pollutants in the real-world scenario. These are superior in ensuring the consistency and durability of the efficacy of the systems. The present review is expected to aid in the selection of appropriate technologies for surface water rejuvenation under varying conditions and would lead to an addition in the existing knowledge base on surface water remediation methods enabling further research in this domain.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the efficiency of extracting powder Moringa oleifera seeds, which are widely available in rural regions, has been investigated based on a random design load of 0.1 g of seed powder.
20 citations
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TL;DR: Twenty one types of plant-based natural coagulants categorized as fruit waste and others are identified and presented collectively with their research summary in this review.
Abstract: Rapid industrial developments coupled with surging population growth have complicated issues dealing with water scarcity as the quest for clean and sanitized water intensifies globally. Existing fresh water supplies could be contaminated with organic, inorganic and biological matters that have potential harm to the society. Turbidity in general is a measure of water cloudiness induced by such colloidal and suspended matters and is also one of the major criteria in raw water monitoring to meet the stipulated water quality guidelines. Turbidity reduction is often accomplished using chemical coagulants such as alum. The use of alum is widely associated with potential development of health issues and generation of voluminous sludge. Natural coagulants that are available in abundance can certainly be considered in addressing the drawbacks associated with the use of chemical coagulants. Twenty one types of plant-based natural coagulants categorized as fruit waste and others are identified and presented collectively with their research summary in this review. The barriers and prospects of commercialization of natural coagulants in near future are also discussed.
196 citations
TL;DR: The presence of xenobiotic organic compounds (XOC), which are hazardous micropollutants in GW, is emphasised and it is recommended that future studies look at chemical treatment, especially AOPs that have been found to be successful at mineralising recalcitrant organic compounds in wastewater.
178 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds and MO seeds with a reduced amount of oil as coagulants in conventional water treatment to remove cyanobacteria from different natural surface waters was evaluated.
169 citations
TL;DR: The ability of three plant materials, seeds such as Moringa oleifera, Strychnos potatorum and Phaseolus vulgaris, to act as natural coagulants was tested using synthetic turbid water formulated to resemble the drinking water as discussed by the authors.
136 citations
Abstract: Samples of municipal and industrial wastewaters were treated by coagulation-flocculation and sedimentation, using a crude water extract of dry Moringa oleifera seeds as a primary coagulant. The quality of the treated wastewater was analyzed and compared to that of the wastewater treated with alum. Experiments were conducted at various dosages of the crude 5% (wt/v) water extract of dry shelled and non-shelled Moringa oleifera seeds, using jar-test equipment. Parameters of quality of the wastewaters were measured before and after the treatment to evaluate the removal efficiency on the major pollutants of concern in wastewater treatment, such as suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen), microorganisms and heavy metals. Results showed that Moringa oleifera seeds were efficient as a primary coagulant in wastewater treatment for removal of suspended solids and microorganisms, and also removal of some metals. Nutrients and COD were not successfully removed. COD and nut...
118 citations