Journal Article•
Peri-urban informal land market and its implication on land use planning in Gondar city of Ethiopia
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed peri-urban informal land market and tenure security status and its implications in periurban land use planning around Gondar city of Ethiopia using primary data collected through household survey, field observation and key informant interviews.
Abstract: In recent times, peri-urban land use planning is challenging in contemporary urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa in general and in Ethiopia in particular. This study analyzes peri-urban informal land market and tenure security status and its implications in peri-urban land use planning around Gondar city of Ethiopia. It uses primary data collected through household survey, field observation and key informant interviews, which are complemented by secondary data from national legal and policy documents, and regional and city administration reports. The analysis utilizes descriptive statistics and chi-square test. The result showed that a plot acquisition from peri-urban areas passes through its own stages, which mainly start to identify a plot for sale, and ends with the confirmation of letter of agreement signed by transacting parties without legal ground to do so. It also indicated the main actors (land brokers, local peri-urban landholders, social and religious relations) in the peri-urban informal land market, traditional social institutions (Idir, equb etc) played a significant role in processing peri-urban informal settlements, and stabilizing land related conflicts by social sanctions.
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24 Jul 2005
TL;DR: Aquesta publicacio de l'agencia de les Nacions Unides per als assentaments urbans, UN-Habitat, examina els factors en tots els ambits -del local al global- that ha al darrere de la formacio de tuguris (slums), tant en els aspectes i dinamiques socials com espacials i economiques as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Aquesta publicacio de l'agencia de les Nacions Unides per als assentaments urbans, UN-Habitat, examina els factors en tots els ambits -del local al global- que hi ha al darrere de la formacio de tuguris (slums), tant en els aspectes i dinamiques socials com espacials i economiques
209 citations
Dissertation•
01 Mar 2014
136 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Bogota, Mexico City and Valencia: the social, economic and political backcloth, access to land, servicing low-income settlements, community organisation: participation or social control?
Abstract: 1. Introduction: the research issues and strategy 2. Bogota, Mexico City and Valencia: the social, economic and political backcloth 3. Access to land 4. Servicing low-income settlements 5. Community organisation: participation or social control? 6. Conclusions Appendices Notes Bibliography Indexes.
121 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the potential of blockchain technology as an empowering tool for the 4th industrial era, its challenges, barriers and limitations, and finally explored areas where blockchain technology can bring new features and add value to the deployment of Industry 4.0.
Abstract: Industry 4.0 mainly refers to factories in which machines use smart and autonomous systems enhanced by the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning and cyber-physical systems. But what reveals the true potential of Industry 4.0 is the established connection and communication between computers and machines that allow making decisions without any human intervention. The network formed by these interconnected machines, and the generated considerable amount of data, marks the actual value of Industry 4.0. Looking at the main features of Industry 4.0, we find many similarities with blockchain technology. The key drivers for Industry 4.0 and blockchain are data management, connectivity and digitization. Additionally, decentralization and distribution are considered as shared architectural features. This paper seeks to open new horizons on the potential of blockchain technology as an empowering tool for the 4th industrial era. We are first investigating the fundamentals of Industry 4.0, its challenges, barriers and limitations, and finally exploring areas where blockchain technology can bring new features and add value to the deployment of Industry 4.0.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an attempt has been made to assess the impacts of rapid urbanization on agricultural activities, which has seriously impacted upon peri-urban farmers that are often left with little or no land to cultivate and which has increased their vulnerability.
Abstract: In a country like Ethiopia where the vast majority of the populations are employed in agriculture, land is an important economic resource for the development of rural livelihoods. Agricultural land in peri-urban areas is, however, transformed into built-up regions through horizontal urban expansion that has an effect on land use value. In recent years Ethiopia has been experiencing rapid urbanization, which has led to an ever-increasing demand for land in peri-urban areas for housing and other nonagricultural activities that pervades agricultural land. There is a high demand for informal and illegal peri-urban land which has been held by peri-urban farmers, and this plays a vital role in the unauthorized and sub-standard house construction on agricultural land. This urbanization has not been extensively reviewed and documented. In this review an attempt has been made to assess the impacts of rapid urbanization on agricultural activities. Urban expansion has reduced the areas available for agriculture, which has seriously impacted upon peri-urban farmers that are often left with little or no land to cultivate and which has increased their vulnerability. Housing encroachments have been observed to be uncontrolled due to a weak government response to the trend of unplanned city expansion. This has left peri-urban farmers exposed to the negative shocks of urbanization because significant urbanization-related agricultural land loss has a positive correlation with grain production decrease. Appropriate governing bodies should control urban development in order to control the illegal and informal spread of urbanization on agricultural land that threatens food production.
20 citations
Cites background from "Peri-urban informal land market and..."
...Agricultural land in peri-urban areas, however, when transformed in to built-up land through horizontal urban expansion has an effect on land use value (HOLDEN ET AL., 2010; AGEGNEHU ET AL., 2016; MUHABAW & GASHU, 2019)....
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References
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01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the process and problems of Educational Research, the role of educational theory, ethics in research, and ethical issues in research.
Abstract: Preface Part I. Foundations of Research 1. Science, Schooling, and Educational Research Learning About the Educational World The Educational Research Approach Educational Research Philosophies Conclusions 2. The Process and Problems of Educational Research Educational Research Questions Educational Research Basics The Role of Educational Theory Educational Research Goals Educational Research Proposals, Part I Conclusions 3. Ethics in Research Historical Background Ethical Principles Conclusions 4. Conceptualization and Measurement Concepts Measurement Operations Levels of Measurement Evaluating Measures Conclusions 5. Sampling Sample Planning Sampling Methods Sampling Distributions Conclusions Part II. Research Design and Data Collection 6. Causation and Research Design Causal Explanation Criteria for Causal Explanations Types of Research Designs True Experimental Designs Quasi-Experimental Designs Threats to Validity in Experimental Designs Nonexperiments Conclusions 7. Evaluation Research What Is Evaluation Research? What Can an Evaluation Study Focus On? How Can the Program Be Described? Creating a Program Logic Model What Are the Alternatives in Evaluation Design? Ethical Issues in Evaluation Research Conclusions 8. Survey Research Why Is Survey Research So Popular? Errors in Survey Research Questionnaire Design Writing Questions Survey Design Alternatives Combining Methods Survey Research Design in a Diverse Society Ethical Issues in Survey Research Conclusions 9. Qualitative Methods: Observing, Participating, Listening Fundamentals of Qualitative Research Participant Observation Intensive Interviewing Focus Groups Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research Conclusions 10. Single-Subject Design Foundations of Single-Subject Design Measuring Targets of Intervention Types of Single-Subject Designs Analyzing Single-Subject Designs Ethical Issues in Single-Subject Design Conclusions 11. Mixing and Comparing Methods and Studies Mixed Methods Comparing Reserch Designs Performing Meta-Analyses Conclusions 12. Teacher Research and Action Research Teacher Research: Three Case Studies Teacher Research: A Self-Planning Outline for Creating Your Own Project Action Research and How It Differs From Teacher Research Validity and Ethical Issues in Teacher Research and Action Research Conclusions Part III. Analyzing and Reporting Data 13. Quantitative Data Analysis Why We Need Statistics Preparing Data for Analysis Displaying Univariate Distributions Summarizing Univariate Distributions Relationships (Associations) Among Variables Presenting Data Ethically: How Not to Lie With Statistics Conclusions 14. Qualitative Data Analysis Features of Qualitative Data Analysis Techniques of Qualitative Data Analysis Alternatives in Qualitative Data Analysis Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Ethics in Qualitative Data Analysis Conclusions 15. Proposing and Reporting Research Educational Research Proposals, Part II Reporting Research Ethics, Politics, and Research Reports Conclusions Appendix A: Questions to Ask About a Research Article Appendix B: How to Read a Research Article Appendix C: Finding Information, by Elizabeth Schneider and Russell K. Schutt Appendix D: Table of Random Numbers Glossary References Author Index Subject Index About the Authors
8,706 citations
Book•
22 Dec 2008
TL;DR: A comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Two Worldviews on Research: Reality and Knowledge, and the First Tool: Defi ning the Context.
Abstract: About the Authors. Preface. Introduction. CHAPTER 1: UNDERSTANDING RESEARCH. The Research Process. Types of Research. Research Proposals. Research Ethics. Getting Acquainted with SPSS. Summary. Key Terms. CHAPTER 2: THE WHO, HOW, AND WHY OF RESEARCH. Who: Selecting a Sample. How: Selecting a Research Strategy. Why: Doing Research That Makes a Difference. Summary. Key Terms. CHAPTER 3: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH: MEASUREMENT AND DATA COLLECTION. Measurement: Turning Abstractions into Variables. Characteristics of Good Measures. Collecting Data. Summary. Key Terms. CHAPTER 4: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH: DESCRIPTIVE AND CORRELATIONAL DESIGNS. Basic Concepts. Causation and Prediction. Data Gathering. Data Analysis. Summary. Key Terms. CHAPTER 5: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH: BASIC EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS. Experimental Validity. Types of Variables. Characteristics of Experiments. Types of Experimental Designs. Data Analysis. Summary. Key Terms. CHAPTER 6: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH: ADVANCED EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS. Basic Concepts. Repeated-Measures Designs. Complex Designs. Quasi-Experimental Designs. Data Analysis. Summary. Key Terms. CHAPTER 7: WHAT IS QUALITATIVE RESEARCH? Telling a Story ... Qualitatively. Two Worldviews on Research: Reality and Knowledge. Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Critique of Quantitative Research. Crisis of Representation. Summary. Key Terms. CHAPTER 8: PLANNING YOUR QUALITATIVE STUDY: DESIGN, SAMPLING, AND DATA ANALYSIS. Designing Qualitative Research. Summary. Key Terms. CHAPTER 9: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS: ETHNOGRAPHY, PHENOMENOLOGY, CASE STUDY, TEXTUAL ANALYSIS, AND APPLIED RESEARCH. Ethnography. Phenomenology. Case Study. Textual Analysis. Applied Research Methods: Action and Evaluation Research. Summary. Key Terms. CHAPTER 10: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH TOOLS: INTERVIEWING, FOCUS GROUPS, AND OBSERVATION. The First Tool: Defi ning the Context. Qualitative Research Tools: How to Collect Data. Summary. Key Terms. CHAPTER 11: PRESENTING YOUR RESEARCH FINDINGS. Presenting Your Research with a Poster. Presenting Your Research in an Oral Presentation. Presenting Your Research in a Paper. Reducing Bias in Research Reporting. Summary. Key Terms. References. Appendix A: A Sample Manuscript from a Quantitative Study. Appendix B: A Sample Manuscript from a Qualitative Study. Glossary. Index.
587 citations
"Peri-urban informal land market and..." refers background in this paper
...ERJSSH 6(2), December 2019 6 Methodology Data Combined sources of data provide the most effective way of gaining the necessary understanding of the problem under study (Vanderstoep & Johnston, 2009)....
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01 Jan 2015
447 citations
TL;DR: For the vast majority of people, cheaper, simpler, locally grounded systems of rights registration can better meet their needs for secure tenure, and these locally grounded registration systems can also provide the foundation for more formal registration systems, as needs and government capacities develop as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Central governments have neither the capacity nor the local knowledge to implement a just, large-scale national land registration system. Support to local institutions to undertake intermediate forms of land registration has been shown to be far more effective in many places—although these need careful checks on abuses by powerful local (and external) interests, measures to limit disputes (too many of which can overwhelm any institution) and measures to ensure that the needs of those with the least power – typically women, migrants, tenants and pastoralists – are given due weight. These locally grounded systems can also provide the foundation for more formal registration systems, as needs and government capacities develop. Even if there are the funds and the institutional capacity to provide formal land title registration to everyone in ways that are fair and that recognize local diversity and complexity, and could manage disputes, this may often not be needed. For the vast majority of people, cheaper, simpler, locally grounded systems of rights registration can better meet their needs for secure tenure.
353 citations
"Peri-urban informal land market and..." refers background in this paper
...2 Peri-urban land is a key natural resource that requires proper consideration in urban development (Adam, 2014a; de Souza, 2001; Payne, 2001; Toulmin, 2008)....
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...ERJSSH 6(2), December 2019 2 Peri-urban land is a key natural resource that requires proper consideration in urban development (Adam, 2014a; de Souza, 2001; Payne, 2001; Toulmin, 2008)....
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TL;DR: There is convincing evidence from around the world that land registration has led to better access to formal credit, higher land values, higher investments in land, and higher output/income as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: There is convincing evidence from around the world that land registration has led to better access to formal credit, higher land values, higher investments in land, and higher output/income. However, there are prerequisites for land registration to be economically viable, and social aspects which need to be considered when designing a land registration system. Further studies are warranted on some emerging issues.
346 citations
"Peri-urban informal land market and..." refers background in this paper
...Land registration and titling confers a stronger sense of tenure security and eliminates land tenure uncertainties (Feder and Nishio, 1998; Ali et al. 2017)....
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