Periodic leaky-wave array antenna on substrate integrated waveguide for gain enhancement
01 Jun 2015-pp 92-93
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the performance of two-and four-elements SIW-based leaky-wave array antennas and their performance was compared with a 1×4 cascaded SIW power divider with effective matching port.
Abstract: In this paper, 2-elements and 4-elements substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based leaky-wave array antennas are presented and their performances are compared. The enhanced gain and scan angles for 2-elements are 15.4 dBi and 45° respectively and for 4-elements the same is 18.4 dBi and 30° respectively. In the final design of 4-elements array antenna, sinusoidal variation of slot length is used to reduce the side lobe level (SLL). A 1×4 cascaded SIW power divider with effective matching port is used to feed the antenna. Simulations of the antennas are carried out using HFSS software and presented here.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a frequency beam scanning slotted leaky-wave magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna array for the 5G application is presented. But the antenna is not designed to operate at the 28 GHz band.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel frequency beam scanning slotted leaky-wave magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna array for the fifth generation (5G) application. The proposed antenna, which has eighteen elements of slots and electric dipoles, is built on a two-layer printed circuit board. In the lower layer, it is a conventional slotted substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) leaky-wave antenna (LWA). In the upper layer, electric dipoles are attached to the design. As for each element unit, the magnetic dipole is realized by each lower-layer aperture, while the electric dipole is realized by each pair of patches in the upper layer. The design concept is that two modes are excited together in orthogonal directions to realize the ME dipole. By introducing electric dipoles to the conventional slotted LWA, the antenna exhibits less gain variation over a wide bandwidth. The SIW leaky-wave ME dipole antenna array is designed and fabricated to operate at the 28-GHz band. It operates with wide impedance bandwidth and a peak gain of 16.55 dBi with less than 3-dB gain variation throughout the frequency range from 27 to 32 GHz.
86 citations
Cites background from "Periodic leaky-wave array antenna o..."
...It is suggested to increase the gain of a periodic slotted LWA with more elements as demonstrated in [11], but the gain variation of the LWA cannot be improved by using more rows of array elements....
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01 Dec 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a bidirectional periodic leaky-wave antenna (LWA) using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based power divider is presented at X-band.
Abstract: In this paper, a bidirectional periodic leaky-wave antenna (LWA) using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based power divider is presented at X-band. Later, by incorporating new kind of slot, side-lobe level (SLL) is improved by 1 dB. The gain is achieved by proposed antenna is 12.1 dBi within a suitable scanning range. The performance of both antennas are compared by Ansoft HFSS simulation software.
5 citations
01 Dec 2017
TL;DR: In this paper, a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) based frequency tunable compact high gain leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is proposed at Ku-band.
Abstract: In this paper, a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) based frequency tunable compact high gain leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is proposed at Ku-band. For miniaturization purpose, the modified Minkowski fractal geometry is utilized and by incorporating with suitably placed varactor diodes, the frequency tunable leaky-wave antenna is designed in planar environment. By changing the position of varactor diodes the operating frequency range of the antenna is shifted from 15–16.2 GHz to 14–15 GHz with the beam scanning range of 32° and 30° respectively. The obtained peak gain is 16.7 dBi. Full-wave simulations are performed in HFSS.
2 citations
Cites background or methods from "Periodic leaky-wave array antenna o..."
...The direction of main radiated beam can be calculated using equation given in [2]....
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...Several SIW based leakywave antennas have already been proposed in the past literature [2], [3]....
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Proceedings Article•
01 Mar 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, an approach to enhance the gain of a slot antenna array located on the top wall of a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is investigated, where the design procedure consists of two steps.
Abstract: An approach to enhance the gain of a slot antenna array located on the top wall of a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is investigated in this paper. The design procedure consists of two steps. We begin by designing a single slot antenna element located on the top wall of an SIW waveguide, and then we proceed to enlarge it to a full-fledged 4x5 slot array. Following this we further enhance the performance of the array by introducing a Metasurface superstrate above the antenna array. Simulation results are presented for the return loss and gain of the designed array to illustrate its performance. For the unloaded array, a low return loss of less than −10 dB is realized from 27 GHz to 34 GHz with a peak gain of 14.34 dB at 30 GHz. Up to 3 dB gain improvement is achieved, over the bare array, when a Metasurface superstrate is introduced.
2 citations
Cites background from "Periodic leaky-wave array antenna o..."
...Several design strategies [1-5] have reported in the literature for realizing slotted SIW arrays with an enhancedgain performance and a wide bandwidth....
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, a dominant mode leaky-wave antenna is proposed, which is a transmission line structure with radiating wavenumber increasing from negative to positive values, providing backward to forward scanning capability as the frequency is increased.
Abstract: A novel dominant mode leaky-wave antenna is proposed. This antenna is a transmission line structure with radiating wavenumber increasing from negative to positive values, providing backward to forward scanning capability as the frequency is increased. The characteristics and performances of the antenna are demonstrated by full-wave simulation and measurement results.
548 citations
13 Dec 2004
TL;DR: In this article, a metamaterial-based electronically controlled transmission line structure is presented and demonstrated as a novel leaky-wave (LW) antenna with tunable radiation angle and beamwidth functionalities.
Abstract: A metamaterial-based electronically controlled transmission-line structure is presented and demonstrated as a novel leaky-wave (LW) antenna with tunable radiation angle and beamwidth functionalities. This structure is, in essence, a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) microstrip structure incorporating varactor diodes for fixed-frequency voltage-controlled operation. Angle scanning at a fixed frequency is achieved by modulating the capacitances of the structure by adjusting the (uniform) bias voltage applied to the varactors. Beamwidth tuning is obtained by making the structure nonuniform by application of a nonuniform bias voltage distribution of the varactors. A rigorous analysis based on an extension of the CRLH concept is proposed and the corresponding dispersion curves, obtained by equivalent-circuit formulas with LC parameters extracted from full-wave simulation, are shown. A 30-cell LW antenna structure, incorporating both series and shunt varactors for optimal impedance matching and maximal tuning range, is designed. This prototype exhibits continuous scanning capability from 50/spl deg/ to -49/spl deg/ by tuning the bias voltages from 0 to 21 V at 3.33 GHz. A maximum gain of 18 dBi at broadside is also achieved. In addition, it provides half-power beamwidth variation of up to 200% with comparison to the case of uniform biasing. The effect of intermodulation due to the nonlinearity of the varactors is shown to be negligible for antenna applications. The antenna is tested in a 10-Mb/s binary phase-shift keying transmission link and successful recovery of the baseband data is demonstrated.
532 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a uniform slotted SIW leaky-wave antenna is designed that has good beam scanning from near broadside (though not exactly at broadside) to forward endfire.
Abstract: A novel slotted substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) leaky-wave antenna is proposed. This antenna works in the TE10 mode of the SIW. Leakage is obtained by introducing a periodic set of transverse slots on the top of the SIW, which interrupt the current flow on the top wall. It is seen that three modes (a leaky mode, a proper waveguide mode, and a surface-wave-like mode) can all propagate on this structure. The wavenumbers of the modes are calculated theoretically and are numerically evaluated by HFSS simulation. The leakage loss, dielectric loss, and conductor loss are also analyzed. A uniform slotted SIW leaky-wave antenna is designed that has good beam scanning from near broadside (though not exactly at broadside) to forward endfire. This type of SIW leaky-wave antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth and a narrow beam that scans with frequency. Measured results are consistent with the simulation and the theoretical analysis.
405 citations
Book•
12 Mar 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a first year graduate text on electromagnetic fields and waves, which serves as a useful reference for researchers and engineers in the areas of microwaves and optoelectronics.
Abstract: This book is a first year graduate text on electromagnetic fields and waves. At the same time it serves as a useful reference for researchers and engineers in the areas of microwaves and optoelectronics. Following the presentation of the physical and mathematical foundations of electromagnetic theory, the book discusses the field analysis of electromagnetic waves confined in material boundaries, or so-called guided waves, electromagnetic waves in open space, scalar diffraction theory and active devices. The theories and methods presented in the book are foundations of wireless engineering, microwave and millimeter wave techniques, optoelectronics and optical fiber transmission.
359 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of the most practical leaky-wave and resonant CRLH antennas, which all exhibit functionalities or/and performance superior to prior state of the art.
Abstract: Composite right-/left-handed (CRLH) transmission-line (TL) metamaterials, with their rich dispersion and fundamental right-/left-hand duality, represent a paradigm shift in electromagnetics engineering and, in particular, for antennas. This paper presents an overview of the most practical leaky-wave and resonant CRLH antennas, which all exhibit functionalities or/and performance superior to prior state of the art. The leaky-wave antennas provide full-space dynamic scanning capability, with fan beams, conical beams in uni-planar configurations, pencil beams without any complex feeding network, and actively shaped beams based on the concept of aperture digitization. The resonant antennas offer alternative properties and a solution to beam-squinting when no scanning is required, including multi-band (dual/tri-band) operation, zeroth-order high efficiency, high directivity, and planar electric and magnetic monopole radiators.
348 citations