Permeability characteristics of lime treated marine clay
TL;DR: In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the lime induced permeability changes in the permeability and engineering behavior of different lime column treated soil systems, showing an increase in permeability up to a maximum value of 15-18 times that of untreated soil with time.
About: This article is published in Ocean Engineering.The article was published on 2002-02-01. It has received 51 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Lime & Soil test.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a combination of vacuum preloading and lime treatment is proposed to address the issue of clogging around the prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs), where a certain percentage of hydrated lime (Ca(OH) 2 ) is added into the dredge fill slurry to enhance the engineering properties of the fill, such as the shear strength and permeability.
96 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the long-term performance of lime-treated soil is still in question, especially in the case of the use of such soils to build earthen structures in permanent contact with water (i.e., dams, river levees, etc.).
Abstract: The long-term performance of lime-treated soil is still in question, especially in the case of the use of such soils to build earthen structures in permanent contact with water (i.e., dams, river levees, etc.) Indeed, water circulation may induce significant alteration of the improvements brought by the lime treatment. In this context, the main objective of this work is to study the long-term behaviour (durability) of lime-treated soils submitted to water circulation as well as to determine the most favourable initial soil compaction in terms of lime-treated soil durability. First, the impact of lime addition on soil microstructure is investigated with mercury intrusion porosimetry tests. This was done to highlight the effect of curing time, lime dosage, and compaction on soil initial permeability, a critical parameter in terms of long-term behaviour of the lime-treated soil. Then, lime-treated soil samples were submitted to an accelerated circulation of water over a period of 150 days. The obtained resul...
82 citations
TL;DR: The marine clay had higher retardation factors and lower diffusion coefficients, and its hydraulic conductivity was more compatible with Cr solution, than that of the lateritic soil.
77 citations
Cites background from "Permeability characteristics of lim..."
...Marine clays are quaternary deposits located in many coastal and offshore areas (Chu et al., 2002; Rajasekaran and Rao, 2002)....
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...The studies include work on hydraulic conductivity (Osinubi, 1998; Chu et al., 2002; Rajasekaran and Rao, 2002; Bozbey and Guler, 2006), heavy metal sorption (Kookana and Tiller, 1994; Tzou et al....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the pre-consolidation stress and compression index of the stabilized soft clay as a practical criterion for determining the optimum additive percentage in soft clays stabilization.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of soil pulverization quality on lime stabilization of a local expansive clay were investigated and the results showed that lime stabilization improved plasticity, workability, compressive strength, elastic moduli and swelling and compressibility behavior of the expansive clay.
Abstract: Lime stabilization is an effective way of stabilizing expansive clays, which cause significant environmental problems both as earth and foundation materials. There are considerable environmental benefits in using the in situ lime-stabilized expansive soils in the construction of road pavements, fill or foundations instead of importing valuable granular materials. However, due to high plastic nature of these clays, achieving appropriate pulverization in field applications is a difficult task. This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation to determine the effects of soil pulverization quality on lime stabilization of a local expansive clay. Effect of mellowing the soil–lime mixtures for 24 h was also studied to find out whether this would compensate for poor pulverization. The clay studied had swelling pressures varying between 300 and 500 kN/m2 and free swell potential as high as 19%. In this study, 3, 6 and 9% lime by dry weight were used for lime-stabilized samples. Unconfined compression strength, failure strain and Secant Elasticity Modulus values were measured through unconfined compression strength testing. The results of the study showed that lime stabilization improved plasticity, workability, compressive strength, elastic moduli and swelling and compressibility behavior of the expansive clay. While mellowing did not have a definite effect on the measured strength and moduli values, soil pulverization quality considerably affected the unconfined compression strength and Secant Elasticity Modulus values. The higher the percentage passing No. 4 sieve, the higher the effectiveness of lime treatment. Based on the data obtained in this study, two original equations were derived to assign Secant Elasticity Modulus based on unconfined compression strength, for different soil pulverization qualities. Microfabric investigations conducted by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry exposed the effect of lime stabilization on fabric, porosity and pore size distributions. The results of the study clearly demonstrated that if enough time and effort were not given to soil pulverization process in lime stabilization works in field applications, lower performance and therefore increased environmental problems should be expected.
51 citations
Additional excerpts
...Most of these studies were conducted by electron microscopy analyses (Little 1991; Rajasekaran and Rao Narasimha 2002 )....
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3,085 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the reaction of LIME and soil to changes in the PLASTICITY, SWELL, SHRINKAGE or COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH of the soil.
Abstract: THE USE OF HYDRATED LIME, CA/OH/2, FOR MODIFYING, UPGRADING, AND STABILIZING SOILS IS INCREASING GREATLY. THIS MEANS HIGHWAY LABORATORIES HAVE HAD THEIR WORK LOADS INCREASED, AND IN MANY INSTANCES, MORE THAN DOUBLED FOR A PARTICULAR JOB. BEFORE THE ADVENT OF THE USE OF LIME, THE LABORATORY WAS FINISHED WITH TESTING WHEN A SOIL WAS CLASSIFIED AS UNSUITABLE. NOW THE SAME SOIL IS TESTED AND RETESTED TO FIND THE PERCENTAGE OF LIME REQUIRED TO BRING THE SOIL WITHIN SPECIFICATIONS. IN MOST CASES THE PERCENTAGE IS DETERMINED BY COMPRESSIVE TESTS, ATTERBERG LIMITS TESTS, OR BOTH. THE REACTION OF LIME AND SOIL CAN BE DESCRIBED AS A SERIES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS. THE RESULTS OF THESE REACTIONS ARE EXPRESSED AS A CHANGE IN THE PLASTICITY, SWELL, SHRINKAGE OR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF THE SOIL. THEREFORE, A QUICK OR SIMPLE TEST IS NEEDED TO SHOW THE AMOUNT OF LIME REQUIRED TO REACT CHEMICALLY WITH A SOIL TO BRING ABOUT THESE PHYSICAL CHANGES TO AN OPTIMUM DEGREE. LABORATORY TESTS, INVOLVING MINERALOGICAL, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF UNTREATED AND LIME-TREATED SOILS HAVE PROVEN THAT PH TESTS CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE THE OPTIMUM LIME REQUIREMENTS OF A SOIL. /AUTHOR/
337 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1957
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between shear strength and cone penetration in the fall-cone test and compared the results with a comparison of the fall cone test with the traditional cone test.
Abstract: (1) Region disturbed by the cone; (2) Study of the cone motion; (3) Relation between shear strength and cone penetration; (4) Precautions to be observed in the fall-cone test; (5) Comparison betwee ...
322 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the aging of quick clay after sampling, the remolded strength increases in samples maintained at constant water content, time effects in freshly densified or deposited sand, in which natural sand deposits can lose strength if disturbed but regain strength over time periods of weeks to months, and apparently sound lime-stabilized soil that swells and disintegrates starting a few years after construction.
Abstract: In spite of our present very advanced analytical capabilities, our present ability to predict actual field behavior is, in many cases, woefully inadequate. Four cases are described to illustrate one of the reasons why actual and predicted performances are sometimes so widely divergent—namely, failure to understand how a soil might respond over time to changed conditions. The four cases are: (1) The aging of quick clay after sampling, in which the remolded strength increases in samples maintained at constant water content; (2) time effects in freshly densified or deposited sand, in which natural sand deposits can lose strength if disturbed but regain strength over time periods of weeks to months; (3) apparently sound lime‐stabilized soil that swells and disintegrates starting a few years after construction; and (4) the failure of excess pore pressures to dissipate as predicted during the consolidation of soft clays. Study of each of these problems has led to an understanding of the responsible phenomena an...
297 citations