Personality structure: emergence of the five-factor model
Citations
8,018 citations
Cites background or methods from "Personality structure: emergence of..."
...Generally, researchers agree that there are five robust factors of personalify (described below) which can serve as a meaningful taxonomy for classifying personalify attributes ( Digman, 1990 )....
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...Based on the evidence cited by Digman (1990) , the preponderance of evidence supports the definition of conscientious ness as including these volitional aspects (Bernstein, Garbin, & McClellan, 1983; Borgatta, 1964; Conley, 1985; Costa & McCrae, 1988; Digman & Inouye, 1986; Digman & Takemoto-Chock, 1981; Howarth, 1976; Krug & Johns, 1986; Lei & Skinner, 1982; Lorr & Manning, 1978; McCrae & Costa, 1985, 1987, ......
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...Bond, Nakazato, & Shiraishi, 1975; Noller, Law, & Comrey, 1987); using ratings obtained from different sources (e.g., Digman & Inouye, 1986; Digman & Takemoto-Chock , 1981; Fiske, 1949; McCrae & Costa, 1987; Norman, 1963; Norman & Goldberg, 1966; Watson, 1989); and with a variety of samples (see Digman, 1990, for a more detailed discussion)....
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...For purposes of this study, we adopted names and definitions similar to those used by Digman (1990) : Extraversion, Emotional Stability, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience....
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...The description of the five factors provided to the raters corresponded to those presented by Digman (1990) and as described above....
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6,395 citations
5,838 citations
Cites background or methods from "Personality structure: emergence of..."
...…adjectives in English (Goldberg, 1990; John, 1990a) and German (Ostendorf, 1990) typically show a factor defined by such items as intelligent, imaginative, and perceptive, and researchers from Fiske (1949) to Hogan (1986) and Digman (1990) have identified this factor as some form of Intellect....
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...Brand & Egan, 1989; Digman, 1990; Hogan, 1983; John, 1990a; see also Table 2)....
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...The label Agreeableness has been almost universally used for Norman's Factor II, but as Digman (1990) noted, "Agreeableness . . . seems tepid for a dimension that appears to involve the more humane aspects of humanity—characteristics such as altruism, nurturance, caring , and emotional support at…...
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...A second artifactual hypothesis, raised most recently by Digman (1990), is that the number of factors is the result of cognitive limitations in information processing (Miller, 1956)....
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...Several discussions of the relative merits of these two conceptions have been offered (Digman, 1990; John, 1990a; McCrae & Costa, 1985b, in press; Peabody & Goldberg, 1989)....
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5,621 citations
Cites methods from "Personality structure: emergence of..."
..., Digman, 1990; John, 1990), whereas other investigators have not (e.g., Zuckerman, Kuhlman, & Camac, 1988). However, only in studies in which markers of the Big-Five structure have been included is it possible to discover the actual degree of convergence. To solve this problem, Costa and McCrae (1985) have used questionnaire statements to construct a personality inventory (the NEO Personality Inventory [NEO-PI]) based on the Big-Five structure, and these investigators have been actively trying to assimilate the scales from a host of other inventories within the Big-Five framework (e....
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4,813 citations
References
9,476 citations
2,419 citations
"Personality structure: emergence of..." refers background or methods in this paper
...…conformity will to achieve" Eysenck (1970) extraversion P s y c h o t i c i s m Tupes & Christal (1961) surgency agreeableness dependability Norman (1963) surgency agreeableness conscientiousness Borgatta (1964) assertiveness like ability task interest Cattell (1957) exvia cortertia…...
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...It now appears quite likely that what Norman (1963) offered many years ago as an effort "toward an adequate taxonomy for personality attributes" has ma tured into a theoretical structure of surprising generality, with stimulating links to psycholinguistics and cross-cultural psychology, cognitive…...
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...Norman (1963), however, knew of the report and replicated the five-factor structure, offering the trait dimensions as steps "toward an adequate taxon omy of personality attributes."...
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...Goldberg further suggested that the five major dimensions of the rating field could provide a framework for many theoretical organizations of per sonality concepts, including the views of Cattell (1957), Norman (1963), Eysenck (1970), Guilford (1975), Osgood et al (1975), and Wiggins (1980)....
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...Dimension II has generally been interpreted as Agreeableness (Tupes & Christal 1961; Norman 1963; Goldberg 1981; Costa & McCrae 1985)....
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1,742 citations
"Personality structure: emergence of..." refers methods in this paper
...The various scales of the Personality Research Form (PRF; Jackson 1974) were then related to these four factors, producing substantial correlations that were in general as expected [e.g. .73 between naif (need for affiliation) and Factor II, Ex traversion; -.62 between nimp (need for Impulsiveness)…...
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...Using Jackson's Personality Research Form (PRF; Jackson 1974) two in dependent studies (Borkenau & Ostendorf 1989; Costa & McCrae 1988) came to similar conclusions: The five broad dimensions of personality commonly noted in the rating field and increasingly noted in omnibus personality in ventories…...
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...…model in the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI; Eysenck & Eysenck 1964; McCrae & Costa 1985a), the Jackson Personality Research Form (PRF; Jackson 1974; Costa & McCrae 1988), the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI; Myers & McCauley 1985; McCrae & Costa 1989), and the California Q-Set…...
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1,624 citations
"Personality structure: emergence of..." refers methods in this paper
...The system, however, was of daunting complexity, employing a minimum of 16 primary factors and 8 second-order factors (Cattell et al 1970)....
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