Perspectives on Titanium Science and Technology
TL;DR: In this paper, the complexity and variety of fundamental phenomena in this material system with a focus on phase transformations and mechanical behaviour are discussed. And the challenges that lie ahead in achieving these goals are delineated.
About: This article is published in Acta Materialia.The article was published on 2013-02-01. It has received 1797 citations till now.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the recent progress on Ti6Al4V fabricated by three mostly developed additive manufacturing techniques-directed energy deposition (DED), selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM)-is thoroughly investigated and compared.
1,248 citations
TL;DR: Various attempts to improve upon these properties like different processing routes, surface modifications have been inculcated in the paper to provide an insight into the extent of research and effort that has been put into developing a highly superior titanium orthopaedic implant.
711 citations
20 Oct 2014-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the microstructure on the tensile properties of additive manufacturing (AM) of Ti alloys has been investigated. And the authors found that the mechanical anisotropy of the parts was discussed in relation to the crystallographic texture, phase composition and the predominant fracture mechanisms.
Abstract: Recent research on the additive manufacturing (AM) of Ti alloys has shown that the mechanical properties of the parts are affected by the characteristic microstructure that originates from the AM process. To understand the effect of the microstructure on the tensile properties, selective laser melted (SLM) Ti–6Al–4V samples built in three different orientations were tensile tested. The investigated samples were near fully dense, in two distinct conditions, as-built and stress relieved. It was found that the build orientation affects the tensile properties, and in particular the ductility of the samples. The mechanical anisotropy of the parts was discussed in relation to the crystallographic texture, phase composition and the predominant fracture mechanisms. Fractography and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results indicate that the predominant fracture mechanism is intergranular fracture present along the grain boundaries and thus provide and explain the typical fracture surface features observed in fracture AM Ti–6Al–4V.
671 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of selective laser melting (SLM) processing of in situ Ti-TiB composites from optimally milled titanium diboride (TiB 2 ) powder were presented.
455 citations
TL;DR: In this work, instead of addressing the segregation problems, the segregation was utilized to develop a novel microstructure consisting of a nanometre-grained duplex (α+β) structure and micrometre scale β phase with superior mechanical properties.
Abstract: In β titanium alloys, the β stabilizers segregate easily and considerable effort has been devoted to alleviate/eliminate the segregation. In this work, instead of addressing the segregation problems, the segregation was utilized to develop a novel microstructure consisting of a nanometre-grained duplex (α+β) structure and micrometre scale β phase with superior mechanical properties. An as-cast Ti-9Mo-6W alloy exhibited segregation of Mo and W at the tens of micrometre scale. This was subjected to cold rolling and flash annealing at 820 oC for 2 and 5 mins. The solidification segregation of Mo and W leads to a locally different microstructure after cold rolling (i.e., nanostructured β phase in the regions rich in Mo and W and plate-like martensite and β phase in regions relatively poor in Mo and W), which play a decisive role in the formation of the heterogeneous microstructure. Tensile tests showed that this alloy exhibited a superior combination of high yield strength (692 MPa), high tensile strength (1115 MPa), high work hardening rate and large uniform elongation (33.5%). More importantly, the new technique proposed in this work could be potentially applicable to other alloy systems with segregation problems.
431 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of alpha platelet thickness on the plastic flow of Ti-6Al-4V with a transformed microstructure was established by conducting isothermal, hot compression tests at hot working temperatures on samples with identical crystallographic texture and beta grain size.
401 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a method based on electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD) measurements was used to identify activated slip systems, which allowed a statistical analysis of the nature (basal, prismatic, pyramidal) and distribution of the slip systems according to the crystallographic texture.
353 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: In this article, phase transitions and phase transformations are discussed in terms of pressure changes, radiation and deformation and those occurring in nanoscale multilayers are brought to the fore.
Abstract: The terms phase transitions and phase transformations are often used in an interchangeable manner in the metallurgical literature. In this book, transformations driven by pressure changes, radiation and deformation and those occurring in nanoscale multilayers are brought to the fore. Order-disorder transformations, many of which constitute very good examples of continuous transformations, are dealt with in a comprehensive manner. Almost all types of phase transformations and reactions that are commonly encountered in inorganic materials are covered and the underlying thermodynamic, kinetic and crystallographic aspects elucidated. This book shows readers the advancements in the field - due to enhanced computing power and superior experimental capability. Drawing upon the background and the research experience of the authors, it brings together a wealth of experience. It is written essentially from a physical metallurgists view point.
328 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanisms governing twin-induced strain hardening of high-purity α-titanium at room temperature were incorporated into constitutive laws to describe the evolution of both twin and slip resistance due to deformation twinning.
307 citations